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Statistics Part 2
Statistics Part 2
Statistics Part 2
is a single figure which is representative of the general level of magnitudes or values of the
items in a set of data. This figure is used to represent all the numbers in the set of data.
1. Mode is defined as the value of the term that appears most frequently (most frequently seen
item).
Classification
unimodal – a set of data with one mode
bimodal – a set of data with two modes
multimodal – a set of data with more than two modes
2. Median is the value of the middle item after arranging the data in an ascending or descending
order.
Median = x (n+1)/2
Mean (
me n
∑ sum
n = number of items
Example 1. Find the mode, median and mean of the given data.
Data: 20, 21, 26, 20, 23
Solution: Array of the data
20
20
21 median (middle score)
23
26
Answers:
Example 2: Find the mode, median and mean of the given data.
Data: 2 5 3 2 6 8
Solution: Array of the data
2
2
3 (middle scores)
5
6
8
Answers:
Example 3: Find the mean, mode and median from ungrouped data.
Given Ungrouped Data: (arranged from lowest to highets score)
Answers:
Mean (
Mode = 142
Name: __________________________ Score: _________________________
Activity # 6
Finding the Mean, Mode, and Median from Ungrouped Data
Problem: Find the mean, mode and median of the following ungrouped data:
Array
Grouped Data
Mean
Where Σ sum
f = frequency
x = class mark
n = number of items/scores = f
Mean,
Median = 147.25
Name: __________________________ Score:_________________________
Activity # 7
Finding the Mean, Mode, and Median from Grouped Data
Problem: Find the mean, mode and median of the following grouped data:
Source: https://byjus.com/weighted-mean-formula/
Formula:
4 Point Scale
Score Range Verbal Description
4 3.25-4.00 Very Serious
3 2.50-3.24 Serious
2 1.75-2.49 Partially Serious
1 1.00-1.74 Not a Problem
3 Point Scale
Score Range Verbal Description
3 2.34 – 3.00 Undecided
2 1.67 – 2.33 Disagree
1 1.00 – 1.66 Strongly Disagree
Example: Find the weighted mean (w ) in every statement.
This means that there are 30
respondents in the study and all of
them responded every statement.
This figure means that there are 16
respondents who “strongly agree” that they
Statements are confident when it comes to Math. Responses
Strongly Strongly
Agree Agree Undecided Disagree Disagree Total
(5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
1. I have a lot of self-confidence when it
comes to Mathematics. 16 10 2 2 0 30
2. Studying Mathematics makes me feel
nervous. 1 2 2 15 10 30
3. When I heard the word Mathematics, I
have a feeling of dislike. 5 5 10 5 5 30
4. I am able to solve Mathematics
problems without too much difficulty. 5 15 5 3 2 30
5. Mathematics is one of my dreaded
subjects. 1 2 3 2 22 30
Solution:
Formula:
w should be
Statement 1: (w ) = (5*16 + 4*10 + 3*2 + 2*2 +1*0) ÷ 30 = 4.33 rounded off to
the nearest
Statement 2: (w ) = (5*1 + 4*2 + 3*2 + 2*15 +1*10) ÷ 30 = 1.97 hundreths.
Statement 1: (w ) = (5*5 + 4*5 + 3*10 + 2*5 +1*5) ÷ 30 = 3.00
Statement 2: (w ) = (5*5 + 4*15 + 3*5 + 2*3 +1*2) ÷ 30 = 3.60
Statement 1: (w ) = (5*1 + 4*2 + 3*3 + 2*2 +1*22) ÷30 = 1.60
Statements Responses
Strongly Strongly
Agree Agree Undecided Disagree Disagree Total Verbal
(5) (4) (3) (2) (1) w Description
1. I have a lot of self-
confidence when it comes 16 10 2 2 0 30 4.33 Strongly
to Mathematics. Agree
2. Studying Mathematics
makes me feel nervous. 1 2 2 15 10 30 1.97 Disagree
3. When I heard the word
Mathematics, I have a 5 5 10 5 5 30 3.00 Undecided
feeling of dislike.
4. I am able to solve Agree
Mathematics problems 5 15 5 3 2 30 3.60
without too much difficulty.
5. Mathematics is one of my Strongly
dreaded subjects. 1 2 3 2 22 30 1.60 Disagree
Activity # 8
Weighted Mean Computation
Problem: Solve for the weighted mean and give its verbal description using the following scale:
Score Scale Verbal Description
5 4.21– 5.00 Strongly Agree
4 3.41– 4.20 Agree
3 2.61– 3.40 Undecided
2 1.81 – 2.60 Disagree
1 1.00 – 1.80 Strongly Disagree
Data:
Responses
Indicators/Statements Strongly Strongly wx Verbal
Agree Agree Undecided Disagree Disagree Description
(5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
1. I am always under a terrible 24 10 2 2 1
strain in a mathematics class
2. I don’t like M them tics nd 2 2 2 8 25
it scares me to take it.
3. I approach Mathematics with 2 3 29 3 2
a feeling of hesitation.
4. My mind goes blank and I 2 33 2 1 1
am unable to think clearly
when working Mathematics
5. I feel a sense of insecurity 1 1 3 31 3
when attempting to do
Mathematics.
Important Notations:
Sample Population
Number of respondents n N
Mean µ
Standard Deviation s σ
Measures of Variability
1. Range - the difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution
2. Variance - is the average of the squared deviation from the mean. It is a measurement of the spread
between numbers in a data set.
3. Standard Deviation - is a statistic that measures the dispersion of a dataset relative to its mean and is
calculated as the square root of the variance. It is calculated as the square root of variance by
determining the variation between each data point relative to the mean. If the data points are further
from the mean, there is a higher deviation within the data set; thus, the more spread out the data, the
higher the standard deviation.
4. Coefficient of Variation – is a statistical measure of the dispersion of data points in a data series
around the mean. It represents the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean, and it is a useful statistic
for comparing the degree of variation from one data series to another, even if the means are drastically
different from one another.
Formula: cv = standard deviation divided by mean
Source: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/coefficientofvariation.asp
Score
x
15
15
17 The divisor is 5 since
there are 5 scores.
18
20
Solution:
a. Solve for the mean ( )
= (15 + 15 + 17 + 18 + 21) ÷ 5 = 17
= 17
b. Solve for (x - ), (x - ) 2 and Σ ( - ) 2.
x (x - ) (x - )2
(-2)2 means (-2) (-2) = 4
15 -2 4
15 -2 4
17 0 0 (1)2 = 1
18 1 1
18 – 17 = 1. (3)2 = 9
20 3 9
Σ (x - )2 = 18 This figure will be used in getting the sample
20 – 17 = 3. and population standard deviations.
n–1=5–1=4
Name: __________________________ Score: _________________________
Activity # 9
Sample and Population Standard Deviations of Ungrouped Data
Problem: Solve for the sample and population standard deviations of the following ungrouped data:
Array:
Score (x) (x - ) (x - )2
18
20
25
30
31
32
35
38
40
41
Σ (x - )2 =
Standard Deviations of Grouped Data
Example 2; Solve for the standard deviations of the following GROUPED data.
Solution:
First Step: Solve for fx by multiplying
f and x (3 * 122) = 366.
(5 * 131) = 655. Do the same
step until the last row.
Mean,
2 2
b.) Solve for (x - ), (x - ) and f(x - ) .
122 – 146.975 = -24.98 (-24.98)2 = 623.75
131 – 146.975 = -15.98 (-15.98)2 = 255.20
Continue until the last Continue until the last
Class Mark (x) – Mean ( ) row. row.
Activity #10
Sample and Population Standard Deviations of Grouped Data
Problem: Solve for the sample and population standard deviations of the following grouped data:
Data: Refer to your Frequency Distribution Table and results in Activity #7. Copy the data.
Class Class
Intervals Frequency Mark
f x fx (x - ) (x - )2 f(x - )2
Mean,
Consider data
= _______________ = _______________ in Activity # 7.
28
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