TECHNIQUES of the CONTEMPORARY COMPOSER DAVID COPECONTENTS icin pasics Arcache: Compostion 1 Still and Toole 4 ThePfesin RadinentsofOrchexrton and Rom 8 THE TONAL LEGACY 12 asc KeyConegee 12 Chramitcin Exgansonsand Panag 17 joey 19 NEW ROLES OF MELODY 26 Sele 26 Moves 28 Bie Meade Concepts 29 wend! Mole Lins 32 Accmpaninens M HARMONY, COUNTERPOINT, AND HIERARCHY 38 The Ovenone Ses 38 Tene 38 CConsenanse ad Disonance Intenal Swengtis 40 Roos 4 Propesion Seen and Chomaticsms 42 INTERVAL EXPLORATION 46 BisieCoseps 46 Bthood Fourth Chine 48 Seon and Seventh Chon 50 eal Combinations 55Mulia Mast Metin 209 Invenda 212 Viel Realy 214 19, MINIMALISM. 216 INTRODUCTION Silence Minimal 216 Cancepe Mase 217 Bevey Werke 218 eer ne shart of the ars thre costing, ii change Alou Consnuts 218 ‘enn Cnc ne, the experience my ser ete a eb Pave and Tate Music 2 nse no. Orer the coe of centre, hme veal that moi i" Safcced needa hoes pil ride peed 20. EXPERIMENTAL MUSIC 222 hood ede a seventh ad ith chads o che soa, cee cond of Sst and reumsance Man: 22 fhe erent century Mel weabubries ve Hew develope rm epwse Snide D amie chants hugh tide leping ro eteme cromaticem and pontlisn, Sena ‘iy, ine, and texte hae followed simi pats fom singlet compen, Bromsie 2 shai gel Animale 226 "Ter wo se sce change of who canoe common psc mu of the severed co ineteeth cen othe detent of ontempesry mus, 4, DECATEGORIZATION 230 Lek he ve necenary to understand the neta matte of ange Toh Ececisim 2 Insta maepiece mi proce daring Weser muss onal enue, bianee Qweason 22 ‘fer sed mustang are etn in thou of works ten fee and afer. Secoaliaion 235, the yeas. Seton Beni of te Conengorary Camps covers many ofthe changes that have ee 1h pce een acl even sigs afew that may ee occu Catal ode book Tegan 136 ane hee bs cone A-Thee no way econ mu, noo diet oes Betnay 239 Eschinivsl mut Seon as oes oneal ora nde 2h raps in Whe yt ft em le i ete ne Romane seu enupere os ine teeerny | Fancher csi ceson oy pe canta A comets cf Brogan thea ye ene, progenies app ! 2: However misc defi and matt ita he alsa. screener that make ert and comseney Kinde o at Tenino he Cerenprary Camps deed to cover the ches Soucy and tecnclger of compton othe sentth and ens teeny ‘es whe acing am ens nthe muse of more recut ya: Mest msc ‘Empoion hols del amt exlniy wih tena ecu, nla of the pcp music ofthe eat 0 muddle rere century. Thove tn do cae ecu ely coer ony» ontenpoay sine The fe hoeves ner at any seas of contenpesey compotion apsePy Iwrropuction, san incuve ingle volume andin az objective manner tos. esses that noni of many peocedues x posible prices te feelom fae By studing nl cl eating the eas rested er, eles ay Lead th ‘ees to developing tha own alse “edges of be Comonporar Comper encngses ver-ane chor o> ‘ed to cone ough wth two semesters ce te scale quate ofa ‘on th mele freee Than be evn oa ooo thee ye format ‘shone chap ag ever tro or thes wks teal ofon pe week. The eck hopes toh echerand stent ith name, oa ene eed {pretence nthe tet) and compen pets The hey ‘cli hf of ant bok ar ace rhe tal an aoa "The tening chapters pide #tanston lm comme acces ad sey beget pap om ered ing the exploration of oe ess, The onde of the chaps tems ell bu dre oe se ret Riera holo [Nor does the chaperone elles any parc peogresion road ete, comple or mire dene echnsqu, Whiesuksqurt chapter dou ome {xenon the eeniqes fess chapters. hs raison shold na ke ‘Sumpter chapters have mre substantia wor any popes ‘rer rit nef tration owed ona, with thet coer sm tng up ts pedecesr. Chapters ae abo grouped ound sila ea. Chapters 8 ‘7 for example, have mh in coon Chapc and 2 tae ike in Ines ates a do cher 15, 6, 7, and 18 Each chapter pesto 28 tnt 0s ject and souk ot be one exbaure "Thema ssp ee pest nl mete epee 8 ee? tan fy perso se bat a demotion the ptt unde ecasc, ‘Asa comps eather wing this tek asa casrooe text req al compos lng assent tote performed, at ast i the cssoon Ths eae eed rel tm of the earls in cach chapter a well ao many of the wor ied inthe ihingrn. Many of the bok’ exams ao xn andar MID le fs rot and ae aaa doribadale fam ny Tere ste: psu Faelycopefhame, Seles ar encouraged to work cn ar pecs hat myc ay ot ttre ith che clastoom aime hs obtxnng acta and ale techies resus, nd techs om nnn of rw ss dion © ‘Solin ger ors medamsning nr conte Tasch thank my me, May Je a the many sens have ha ve they yas of teaching ma erpiin, Ia may 0a these dul ise tauine eich a thm Ceri he dr ocho: an the manner of ee {Sotaton ated ocho tho agen, det and siete the et {ormy on ie pe thc ome of thes exchange offence have proved tefl them in he endenom compose = eda a they Rae ome owe co chk Lea rhe ais aie and lp end Dav own fe ‘Sipping et ofthe mane emg. “Somcrct Mughom ence ted hat shee ae dhe rues fr wing ove seeriatl noe ows wha hy ae Whe hs may te weg Se prAoDUCTION ai ssw icsingostant 1 pot ou hapten noes and compe ae have Bea eo many rocutns hat can ere hem to dover tee res Oe "Theron bok uct. therfore, tour br abut soe fi ‘Bite cones in mind het Tepe oad ene in coving the ahi Triheconemoray compos Deed Cope(CHAPTER f BASICS 1S CHAPTER IDENTIFIES « few gl composition hab, ft ens ening ces ad proses spgesion for developing permance and pa oppor, Ia con the ba radiments of chen and mse "We sch rocoto are fen nected nas om se amps hey eres pera veces crn ar cmp no i he at Roche 189). 10 Composition renews ot suesedtvoughout mach of this book. Such ly const of nl raps, names, oct ms which ec ad macs an be dewed(Srminky 1947). Overs ep comes the bens in ncouered in compestns that area prestacted#| eles fnm vans somping ete sere arp ek onl ‘Overview, we alitle ro the very ax nore ein compu, Famevers fr sepa mote consent ase get Fs TH show 2 sere of wervews of & woth fr haber crete awe Us demote fw the monk might spent on 9 te by five can. The arco ies ere decree tl dom and sg vet and angled, define the the hn secon othe fo Fae ore eae von the work thew ym etch ecto. This ene als shown moe deal bout the reo i ach ection. ge peste dfton wo the rain es ith of the more iporant musical ists wsten our in talanal nett, overviews on the wl above the mary empower ca lp composts of the un context ina os esi» compostin or a overview can be sv ss begining con fot + ela moot karmic sur Sketching + work en erm) intempo 2 ot he as en wach en Suwa though Ian lager shew fen ha mpc une ork ae fs Some camps aly si wth ch doable tt od befie composing thir emptor (Sri 1947. Tk ele hem ato spes—ths oe maar —and jw the ms apres toon.[Rip =a rr ae - SSSIING. [Beptam ate == Nw I eu 1. Tivos fn fr chanbe oe ang tempor ele fen fps when rein overviews, Coos fen elect the pice fae ean lence at themselves: dod cco Berks Sy rsp weld sound ery deren were thee changed Shaping No I-Ie difiuesen to speak tut a work, mach scones thou shaving tie ‘Sketching povde compere with way to fe hail nd develo 3 meri fr ne works Brmple howe a sre of htcesy Bethan Swing Quure in A Mie Op 132. Not how important ew lament arn tech serch aswell asm ppteny unucconal leas dapper ovo evn htt that fen ie ile ae recone i sf (Gg shar ioe theca ee)-Revisng mers cam be simp a at the ca of masa compontin ar eprton ad bold be euler ‘Soe tal arid nel ew ie ean the st ga OF such en canbe cmt fsgn tt wrk a ape ena Resp ‘Meco can fe soe uch gansta te ese, cneep 1, Aves dachs by Bacon fr i Sin Qartn A Mawr Op 12 oat rand ine rine ogc shen nginton care the se mn hse cat se en mgr taco oe al of we con demu sv neat fs Use os ne ert na inne psn ers eos alo pt opto tne Lire cg swe hn ond mantis nor soca sok os‘ cuarren one as with ovesions Alto fen, ung bound and doubles msi paper eos ‘ha comps’ eed 9 compare lations ween temporal distant bt rly sar mater ‘Compstin ha they eplor ew ey second mare fen than thn thar egound many difoen eas bu develop hem los Whe here ae no Bi ‘td ut res concern ths core um tril» nok can convincing a fan one goed way co rear the mum nes developing single en ec ‘ely tl the muse ally eqs new er. Teng the ee mtr lke manne whe jan repertins and for vara of heal Ke. alps nvr thr works ae negate ad Jevepmnl well epson, Mest scsi composers wok aly (Dein 194) Js 5 peformer ee racic the at and tao muse composers Tis pace may ake the fen ot fcmpesing 3 mek in prog, shechng renin a pase, or even ashing tore work ors eo cea qrbla The hous the dy nh sper cing wl ry depending the coment Many a et ot ine fred mast cvs, wile others cote deat es The planned ie fer composing can prove diastovs, though hisapsin ais fom compo oa puceIn general an case woekplicepowes most composts th the ss Seo knowing the aon ech al and de the compat of dat Unpedcatey Fens hae two es and compo shoul we wy ancy a igen” eng mac can he a reset and many cmpone of accel se have died ending ayo cmon with Sener menue ha when they Ket (Compare ten tie tupegten cnitons ocr and rer agin th 3 srr (Steven 19). Thr roses can scare at a ost “ileence econ nedcrty and ces Morne sch amingcan ont ‘ell bering wks ater then tig or them Unornaty, ec fen ence ago —verk tha odo he pgebo ate et "cing in prance Erling ms infer fre very peed ite ‘ered npc Compe ering pg forthe et tine ae ean ‘he penpectve ofan aden bering ifthe tren ie Comper fe fst nels inthe extra penal act cet tht he kee {hy Undntanling ths res car fp compere sepa er verre ses fr tne. Overy may there ompe oe to and gw me ‘whe flan bec restamiation mil pote Is oth Skil and Tools “The iliy to read alten uc andere ia exreey mp Aa he sneners mace (Real 1989), Esl 12 sos» musa eel ‘ha umber mtd ahs Thee aks cna my sc oc Fercumestom decton dried bya res pi he was ee In tran ve dour tems ne Bw pnd tens “Ue” ie Gece) shod ve the eh lee norma aro ha seco st laced om the cot sf the tem Conk snd be ppet aged verily The dst setae solace vt ean, Vs (ues), also osha not be and nce wre em lace he co athe tag as eld ate eons neta) Pir uch toro alee ren eof sharp ands, male ves cs single sa, oper beng 0 heme nie and 9 er texte ingen oe et the en f msc compton roger comporers porns eer ths ma is ASCH er her, esr ther mts vs ADI Muse InstnDigital nsec, ae chap 16) cmp, nd prin thet mk and pas with nec engraved uly Fite shows ypc MIDI s,m ipa on 4 camper ‘0 outpr ia speakers oe ter The spl i his paar conan, py Teck the mone enered te te nana sequencer tthe computer The ct shove output the cen pin star mane ttn The avait of computer vegans soul ot, however disuade comps, from earl the a ae eal of saad mie noasn, No only doth Knowledge make comporing pose when the computer i ot aed als rakes compere beret of er mse ll compet at (etme or anche (Chasing the aprons computer software depends on 9 number of es (velo 1982. Fang por to your composer eats nt on ae ie thatthe somuter pe and pga ch ety bu that he cunt of RAM, and dak pce, MID campaiy, perp ands0 onal comet proper, Tei ior che» compu ain gran tht pts art Fo dell barf se ander oe earl over Fagg and 0 om. While gone lr we cm del ten ie see sey in sl compen 9 oe xe wt ta sae peers Gsingehcatals alpreance ‘The Profession crs cht thie se rd tng cpt pagan be Serie toys potcaton werd Indl, mon pbs do nt ee ere atl ter rou compere copes Coase rape ie ere of rng tho ed wang lig a err cager te rent Sach tbe me mo only Igy ra plied aces pce bo ube canes ork ond Peper nal ce cova acre wh long colnet Sead pbs car Ieee tani cence, Vanya plc ce Festa ct bar ec en and grey le orks By nln ponodcompe=> eras eter ee nub cpg an, when pubic i Ucn ptsee Compose Pls hose ma cope Geta Cone icennon so coy aval foe he US. Cope CO yor, Wits Corn cosmo andes Cepek te pnt tthe Lito e¢ Conese eral cops Iie epi ince nap sn onpenits al bur ly owas seca! Nt pagans chs sie oe hy een many fas pra es ih acl ogc nrc Po. Ison Such ve se ic ge Comision be impr ven dyslc 2 romee peroman Gonna compo sang vitin cos rel stk wth eres fom who» et dea cb nn, Compu can eam Sean nd en ch pon creer Conlon somponty eee Bese deepal neni shut hs acre nd aoe an echt ermine ovn ms and new wes yates compoes deh th psc, howe indeed Sexe feces can cause te ne han th comms woe Mla ha ale sana othe shir of wy sled peers el erin sc nl ps = et de our srk maya we ema but she pester few ppt your mek ay hve ed eter On the ote an owt ne sgn rr st Sabie manne wns cn on eeu ee acon ao be ame! ty stenting oper pci ees Feel Ms esr compose oct the cles drecy an ral antes ch chose Ges nd pics ac prs wines bt wing fr es sin pata tem eer th snd ne tem: Woy ova a ae. cuarren OnE nay playa le in cesinng oar suze, Loving awd and rans means le ‘seep pombe as flee, coring the wkrown of Young campo, manly a mater of accep tance bya ecard company anlar he eer Hal Mos econ Ine compan ne nto and ern pojeso expc the compet ee femer to py the cote ety Composer shoul ed apes wo venous eomynies ‘woot eng dacuraged by cao: Once a ws sacred finding can ft Te Said lm grants. Commision can ep aswel for many perme and Hous nl common a wkend reso moving the burden of fad bg from the compose ‘Compose shel so ei the various ein gts rations, sich as the Amerean Society sf Compt Author, and Plats (ASCAP) and ‘rena Mas coped (BMD. Soc ongniton lay a extol nee tan kn mat profesional compo Testy calecting and bung ops ‘Soe fm perfomance swell as espn members sare of the varus pes teancer ofthe wore (Cape 1993) Radiments of Orchestration and Form sein oll pe of ae represen one of he mest porta mys on hoot erchestaton ad fe, Noch doe sch nsening elt ict wat ebook cant it alo teoniene the msl prsetve of empens otha hey Selena sbeoacows wo pagar the el eas, o contents fhe come Tow bt few pes of mae Tieng with ces ners composi Ways no ther sy ea. Ie ingroes scores heeding sl wel ering ow seul tuner ound in varnas segues and ow vrews ensembles of neuen wound tpetee Example 1 ee many pd nrument i peal resol oder with tht ‘ua fan trneponione (Ader 198% Kennan and Granth 1983) gee Slicoe fever umber of hese ntrament allow tis sme bai eder Hees, Shyam ef wea rs peteson ond sts Grom hgh instruments [ow nseumens) shold appear tpt boron inthis naira, Linening co i wth core abo can lp composers hea an ets ands sud seal am ane tue Table (10 ate une of sande a {al man ory which hve ty virions and vobeltiaons (Bry 1986) ‘Aktiouh nrcou other bon at jo able a thee, empuses can do moe ‘han tein with single eie-an-uem ndthen omy dele ie on sone ad norton Tuc Lt abo shows the aierencebetaon ms that are Busepbontc tar ‘moizaly bs) an he tat te conan (reset wo tare roc ‘eS siultonecua). Conapus forme cl eegute say beyon! anda Taman thoy AL ack whe ening comes should be aware oe ake ‘Emons cooper mss tly ake ack ear te ong sige aaoeereeet homophone forme Bupa 13, Seo read ‘apeiron siw _Mulimovement forms Now comminon —_aminestano% Noms re a oi Selopen | scale | ween Sone coche ‘ntwalio —— [ety ace as ms scien adn ker [och eto Pecans ote ee nce ~[ ates Tike [ee Je atti | re ene ao) LSE ei [0 co er TSF Te ry | dence moves lo inaawacot eat [or Slog movement forms Now comms —_emnenrarin Noms [ener henetis an fey irate [ah resem [AB 7 aoa Trea oma i Siew koe cent aes | ARIA ‘anne | oh OA crs r= sila eal eexigasd ome ithe ead | compa [faces [te eon — ear ie Tesh 7 ok eke Ty eae ou on Tea Fy ae a ‘sha | “Tome 1, Ace cf sind sie a a Composing msc in vations extant and elders ghia eid see sive Mosse e» Ronny aura ier Chopin cn sey elcsiral No clyde sch maton heer aequant compusts with heen yet al ones ity sls composers eel to el (Sean 194), Composing Suggestions + Cheate anc overview of dag menemene or ali nsrumet Cone shrt work tied onthe ula kings yan ‘onc a, mo mater he iy * Steach msi fo a eat en nts dav one wek, Vy your aa ‘on andthe aval of wk sacha eompute amc pape pe fl pos oc Tike re fh oan cs i sts rode the or suet es + Collec tet en mil ideas. Sher fn vain os hae ‘wk epciy wall peter Creare anew of es ono ‘he up and etl wht thse es tnethee + iu at a ney makes in Expl 1:2 an proup hem acon er ttn imps, Wie owt scart even of hs ea + Comp ha Wok na ae wh sich ou ate lA 9 So ctanyurton vn cbse oth vp ke and musical effectiveness, sheeCHAPTER 2 THE TONAL LEGACY THE COMMON-PRACTICE period of mae hier (oughly 1609 x0 Ta) proued on enrol ich ra cones sal lrgunge Te bot oe tonal vad much ely pear a comer se Ts hap teratenps ocala eof the peta tbeory of he coeon practi Ft (cand wo proves natn fo the techni of he conten compose Basic Key Conceps “While fl dlinenion of onal ctu and etigus cou ake hud cf es thee bse once other understanding 1. Ky defges th scalar of tly ch materi (Allan Schacy {er 1s), Mean rece scutes Patna cam Be expla ae ‘Hora mere Exane2sbowrs masa page andhe eat Chute pope tufts, Toy deiner hse phe 6 atni Stl he feign othe sae chrome 2. Ganaance oes) and dence sn permet tn ton ‘hip cheer 969) The ower es the one sets (a linc phenomentn dicted nore dt in nape # eve ‘Mune tera cnonane Thine see es at itches Siahoenin Ec L2) gre pominence a some more aie pet ‘Sunes pms hari sean ih andi Tesecteste ae ‘Reecte cond tin chi uch ute f cords bu oti nd ter veenone acca nonharmoni nd epee che eben Facial nm pert most cna mic (Bry 1976: Sekt {935} to primary ele dee och eve frum and weigh ‘Theta sae dee or chr the Fe ef hey Ie ach nc Terimuand hii ke eher mes owe The donna se dso ‘fad oc atl ove one Te eutesslunn oe se ote eben er completeness sample 2shor the nan chords of = Shiebmnans wth samples of socom oe sea! ch amg 14 show eget work th the dhe trl princes wt tej ctmonant, and erty The meray of hse ad thes, ess Imp teal pine have pov comma ngage fr comps and sees ede yen 2. The pinyin doit hth eich Colao shows anther imgorant cance cman tote lenng Trl pa wing les bdo rag e lade he vance (1) pr and ce ewe oy ele ad) he sts teen toe ste ee ces acre cht (amon tn) pray ean ee oe Poe tet ew esd one corel cmon ee boven hrs Sug on w mina th ape ws heres he say ore ery Pt orig sh 40) dating there ponte cape el ch whee. {hed pret; 2) Sang oe othe pinay sere ey fone Soin) oh ass 0) dasng eth he chord sopopte ston punt ls Nonhoren oes (an one ones sen, pps ct) eae hve pie conten amen fons a follow vain pegssan polClas mus, me of whch ae sen nae 2. Some of hte tel ‘Sent clan dion ad sone iat apa compere’ st “Bnpie 2 an excene for oes demoostaes the Kind fst on js doce named ms, bowen Sox ot eg hese ae contin AL Renae dona wie ening well forme the Fctbone of faumen esmpninene len though maybe: ample 25 she 2 samen Topte e backlop of wien resets to show th revs mae ‘Ret hc hse cance ene ere eps genes thee han tard nd ate od be eae, oc xl oi a Bath chr Bm bruh teh -tacadhows eat toh of he sexed Tehe upar Gach 1941) The eee fen poe the ae, eve ed more ‘Pan ane, goad ma esos ae thn eps xan the dit e qwE TONAL LEGACY 1s cug__—_—Feuowmnar em a oa j wan a daw a a “is 21. Teal barman epson pk in asl mate. Caromaticisee hin nk iy en ee meen mole ot chatty she eo ee ey cae mer cocoa Modus ws as pcs was Ca Sy chr alm oh he Example 78 thos ane ston, sh Yoo ch va by a parenthesis surrounding the chord analysis in both keys. “ Tune, Then Bch hea nto oe ort he xmir2 Wictetnginanccrp mW A Mone Pam Sania Mb 58 Bowens 25. A se mln om Ladi van Binet 26, sl mi om hg van Berra a Soin G Me 2p achieve cvomatci without mdlting compe uta toro ans fe seanay bey, eect the bea whose tone chords ‘cera 0 itr of she ewig hey Example 21 obs 4 mero ch sony dans 22, Sessa dune Fane Chae, Maha Op 67. No.2i =. sn coma ctrl sle fom cuban dni cn ao Seer eh fu wth cho showe Ee 28 SEER TGC hoe ao prey mato we peso acon voce keke ace: nople 9 Smoot hh sy el, most feo pr dec hata The mss tegen thal dons eb gon ‘Sila le ela ae fea ned een en x fens29. Teall in ec Chopin, Pep. 28 No.2. ‘aol compere ofthe ier balff the intent cnr devel sobs ‘ated ens of thie tool wscbulny Chrome noes and chor: Became 21 Ampere = che dtc res and choc they bad previ crbllhed [Nomar tines beans to ep harmonic tenes pte Liew, the femal erchy (eof one and dominant ones), whieh had served om ener 0 my yeas, zn ose importance Trane 210 demoratate the compos tral ambivalences of te eect eo mis Fach of he dee pina clement of onley ar bey ecepeble are The ery fate of Jaton ad consonant Netty i ers Whe many empoven clung ol madison, most lhe need a tke at ft Sl Biot 210. Tal antes in Bd re Pu Op. 7 Expansions and Planing ‘Sone anes cuse riseem mere cones han others Ofen thee tne a8 Tension’ ss exenons of ads Example 2 shove asce of eae mth ed ths, ccang seventh chord Whe nharini tne eeerl rhe no ‘ch seventh chord i ths exe es no another seventh cd Bangle 2.12 shows srs of swtth and nn he wth see ones ving che toes and cer mit Th ami remake cea ute cxparaon of na byt css me comply an hicks of SS Noe bow ne heen chosen n Example the eed ee Toman edhe ced dour nerve ws tad. Spacig cup te 8 ea a thitenth chor celled within sang ote Ex 213 By pe hr ar aren, choca, "Ach Gxt, ven Hime! sieht dress." a ducrane ceed appancaty busedon wxonds ater than thd Such chords eaut 24, Cmte cl io ) WA. Meat Fen KATH) Lad EE Uh Sst aenemane Riad Wags, ete a18 CHAPTER Two xani211. Aiea cals uchaiel he etn ctor een hoe Enc Se Onaempate 1 meen eas oa feos 242 A wf expand on rates Gem ae int ho oe Moen tne ese css ie cpr 5), Wh si ofthe seven scale grees eset te ‘Shot, oss or nonharmone tones ae reed “Fasonal oe eating wth empha on contrary mat, amet trpuntl chs with chor many embers the woes tend cele lok “Ttineon Such chord therefore fen appear in pra mexon, This eld iin Ping cteshors sl then move hen lel =the were Tle sine ine Debus 1903, Ravel 1917), Whe he erwin ec hoe fh ample 214 ier eg, maj to miner ond vice ers and he anton cok Te to change on each chord the boson ovement no the ani ‘encanta sructates long Tostl each heed ton Jost son ees eh eal ent ofthe ms. ne 215 sums more sal ie of planing Fosse same cece ‘Hee bic rer oan ash then cone resins so coments the pssoge achieve eteave cosas AS “hou oukte pose anal every Ramon nin the we vie hetter andlerteond as by-procacts ofthe planed melodie. aL LEGACY » A oni irwenth cho) om Clase Dba Pde imi tif) sored trounce ‘nes —— 215, Ex tg (tase Dash La Soe dan Crna om Eg) cents he ro fay (Kok 1980 Mog 964 =i way Kk 99 Mani 196), Th Go me ys ln fs enact on tet 2 il ie, The one chen lly othe “oo cae cn non san A oe thre feo ances names2 CHAPTER Two nor ant G man). A dissna withi oscrs when eer than fe sy thar (eg, Cmaps and Fm Tr consnan lone compen len Bight the ses of pboeliy by rvphaazing the mote diferces play ctu tal wth C mar se ‘nos eam B and Dh ac hdl a davnant lation tbe tnd nperene co cabs th ao keys the igh deprecation can detact eam recopition hs tonal ents (Composers eta wo o mre bey enters na numberof was Fs ser ef key repeal enc hey eed inet as showin Eagle 2:16 (A major above rd Fm below), Casting stone poteson whim exh, ey al help wpa the tral cee dnd, Deng the mode apo rite) clay and ring to emp conasing tes beeen ke father de Tighe pony Exe 2.16 shows C ahr and Ela mn gna teach. Nowe the iment cscs betwen eye well ho ‘he tral cnr ave aengthened by epetion and sng pence, oN © yet, Chroma png: cnet a a. Boe 17. Oven of chine haminy open, “The ovenone sis ca a he wl even when plied meleally and con repens sown n Eamgle 4.46, Not the sou vl cma hat Composing Suggestions the vee rove se Tso nee rps sone nc rie eg * Gogo sow, ssined rasage fr ano in which dinner, roe Senth,hamone peoeson. sad chroma move indent © ow depend Inge ws ofthe oven eres Sd ecgniton ofeaearal aval phenomsna een pet amon rome ed coma mons fs inthe amt, cn be valuble fol x compouts wether ehey wiht are odd to tcl employ dhe nto number fps tat le Feween hes + Stony irtice coma 0 dae melo line we seth ‘ping the weld inewa ne moc as pose, At the igh lvl of ‘Sromatcten sly reves the proce nthe in sna flere “As mentoe in caper the oe the seta form of msl es wht mle the ra of omestiona pests. Beni composi * me rma ate ee rumen ich ‘Rom an were can fen be as elective as Begining ore mods, oe or Sonance, rove seni nd cremation comin ar Apel 3 com famoni arate Owrsens an help corer work where inuton gs | __huowsiystenetenng progestin feral between oss {those natural) and out where the me erent pens stop onthe * Aralne Eangle 418 fr wot, donne, chtomaism,progestion Erle 17 shows angle overview sing ome of the es presented ‘eso and texte then compo sonic dent av csp mish ioesss (gee == — SSS Buon 6:18, Pose rang not sunt, dance chm, sei seep deat ‘ presen Thacher Ebaie urnciemiomcueyracmiee _mresively weaken asthe work continues. * uit 416 Melty sel on te onan i ah nce comet hs on (ieeeCHAPTER $ INTERVAL EXPLORATION ‘THE EXPLORATION OF INTERVALS cher than thi fr hamenic source meal en pov any wl eons conpener a develop ils with oneadsinal vocals (Conll 1950, Dal 197 Diener 1974 Zach O89) The pincer resent i cers and en ue nthe naa and ie fh mnt noes Basie Concerts ‘Mus bedon ingen ute th hind eed ne vod etn armani (chords conta thd) but can rr extend rade convention of harmony and rel, Before dcusing dil neva pti, eves. amber oe Tay cance sal be exis Mos socal works atest completely of asin neal Been the leat completed tile chonle corse ot, no al. snl intel (he shove mtn he cttve), When he eral te chee sw in Examsle 5 seconded within the octavo ype of angen appear even oh ‘he chorale eon thi Ths sb be hp in ming, nce et ey spnton ued onitetat therthan the i en oder inter ‘ant Cove real soul teaming but not overbalnce oe Ira Intra eplrcon ay ctr velo rnc orbs Vertes enespe inclade racking. o he pling of ie crv ae wen the ker: caved Hacer nd vers sin te harmon: The ater concep ms Tanta ne oly roids an aerate co oo pos but ab cet ved lnc Brame $2 shows ck condo oe nthe outing iverson ‘The tpn cox conta eat haere wel oth With the ft geno lone owes the Speier ofthe shit, uth, ‘hi and cand nec aidan to the ety apd seve ely Poe ‘thecal ered Thus th one vets, lest one reeset each Intel spe or, mince oe ape “Aoyharmonc web ace stable, can achieve the se seme of rly dt he sae to tne harry Odrath 193) Tn et the he “heme me sale notes extra othe eioreets whether cy ‘Shunt o diss, become untae ov aobtnoni. Erg 33 sao Bow go “PTERVAL ExpLoRation ” BANE. Sino chale show tee an N53. Scone o h eeth cd nef pt ne ti chi. The cht lon seco mah he thine measute, died beat) sounds noeharmomic. mente “ Groin ny nev ty panty srs an Soe fm may fe hl oe of nal ay tcp) age SY ‘Fics tml che og sass 5 nls tr sd akan gc a fy Ee rea cnt as srl eis bg te ys el en een ced) rng She hw atl Ne en cl En 55 ou i af ei isin a oan of es? fimmaarenirwnumcncinhinad nperdadchns net Ti can err of pa meth ak 4). The thitd measure contains chromatic derived frm the contaputial le 10g ofthe toelodic lines wee 7h ne shed pea te celica so een hese a ec Rina wa cop re Sieett te ou == oveit 57, Frente ama co io agin = a une 55. Chatman ban. adel cogent ison second for cor and consequent The usta less in Etample 3 hin athe famonss oabuly without Svinte ie om fully soe ut cre ti and iho the pinay aera ofaleny weapon te lan amen, he nein don cues chads aed on hs oth nie a sever el aps promi ul men cnn [Bifth and Fourth Chords Composing with eri inh vey a ors (alld qui a ‘nor can pone to Bea eat dea meal tan ay tially ppt Ea SS hows 4 ve-nete chordconasing four pects Aga, with he talon each nel bond the isa ith, new ners ose The ote noes ‘he sar nce, frm aie hich wasps: by octave vo. second. The ent note up fra hatch wth he Bsr ah wn sf within the (rte oie he op noe otra vente (ated anspose) with he tees The tothe ower ot ofthe lowe ity Example shout hu eos ‘aes The tot is se Sowers nate ot ths tow es >» suns Theives ffs ul do Disenances in guital harmony do ot lll reso adn, sce dhe yer srctre tem reves twa dh a nthe ft neue Exargle 59. Trt send ease, he fat chon moves sno unl chord. Even tough this ccord chon an be snd oon inven acon bam Fo toatl Cte aes ef the lowe ih Example 10 pects complete pv with ithe bas un cise Noce te we of tres for chromatic and ay, The ved ela ois ps fit baronet aii ey, ith pa frases, tthe compe ofclater 3 aor Tomi hotline hm an lth coe! tera exploration. = ‘ ve ene 5.10, Comps phe with thaw the tnd wnt of rcairks sing ure led uta amor) flow much he some prices a ck comporedin ith, Beet uty radruorally eck elution (0 thd ps {ops nl nnn, och a he enuresis 1 pe Iyese ian unburned oem apd deter the expectation of Wad elton “The norte our dminhed BER, ince Jie the octave atl cn be tack rene dent neva Fear Rowevey ext early at 94 ‘eo of sacking The chord in mur Uf Bese 5.12 cna of 0 203 ented ut The subsequent cep gute cmon. 8 the inerval sel ee et chromatic, weak on stucteand lack of agian harmonic dco, eau 51 Strtcntapnt pre bie men the inl fh xu 5.12. Angented Gch an hn ere wing ltr expen of Second and Seventh Chords ‘Using seco al vest shear tered second harmon) Sos he sae pen th an ca th et teaser in sonane: Because secinds nad seve si fend to ele ter iin harms Fehr 1961, compontsion ning tee ies often eepoy Slncat mumber of ueaed seconds apd seen fre ting eet (onharmon interval Exongle 513 show a chon bit sca nd oe ‘eve the ele sven, ad a shor exer sing bork lanes ‘Sark cond ete dense confer of und ald es Such sags ef seco ae Sti ficen compton her erst the eae tots {ead th fon as two trate Sncenive aon of cn esther e518 Chore inccond nse Hacks of sound hi act and satin vey dileen ay fom the hone cued ‘thi pote 1921). Sch closers form a ig vr rca chat ary fhe inner pices eaeco bindu ampere. The age cy heat lngorance ech neal sh InBsanple 54 the chutes congas morethanan ote: The tno alse wer nd sharps sis the peence bh auld pve fhe ‘oes shown (Cavell 10), the ns, ices a comply oman i ‘ince ofl ates em D temo ons ptt eae 1) To oe es of hcl apear emg One te ec in nh ce) hat ‘erred fom ech chord tolp mae th pit hat pethidine ‘be tporant wth ge chistes coed Though hr a ih deen avs Deca sft one cen doen he srg mes Yl. en ‘A fow excepts to thee puns soul conde Fete ore ots te ‘far che mest portant sd in ve eae, dln of tec nots ean ete ected (Cows 1912). Outer noes shoul there be cal compe Sccond he nod ofa eum ote 0 atone eer be sen i, Thi tbr is en tmpaant role. hugh chee tl coed Bian oe ober inane cape of couse hey ca st hepsi Hy Smbinuions stents of onasing snes. When ths oi «arc ‘ete may cme gute neal, deeming the sory an day tte tink fhe misng note Fea in cle with mising note sone he ay ‘atte to harem snieane, an dplcenent or ebation maya the texre and pitch weary Frgtessinanalis of clases cn pov del. Obouy dhe vot of ech ‘rd in Example 5.14 cn be found according to he princes pee chop. 'ee4. The relevance and renga thee ot ese however Inns {he lowes: note he root and cant to detache tsa es Bevion onos cHapren FIVE scenery ido Keun este iaae eft nc fanatcuenttnacal Siege iat eaoateaaon eecihnss wacemcamecgmee iii eteresmcsacr sre eso eee Seiten vier amu ee Sas eee kbhok ee ‘ xa 15. Appeonf echo 4 consrts wo lner cater The soe bunt ald cent «va fe sin Tart dat of example 5.15. The caters here though os rola aston at rogesson or cng ova ait ofa excep sym eo pt ‘ade the masc mh a consistent hamont gut, This example shows ste otto css ech 13). Tn Example 5.17 the chasers have been writen ot ose the recite content. May ofthe itera nts pin me oe tmporance a! indepen ene oning othe mise soe: Moreover many ofthe cates co of wea fubcusters Thea belaers he cnt the amon a he ln sting he too fr the ene pase Tht approach t cuter eter ani tots ad forms coger, ‘Cluster sated by vet distance (fbcten) cin be econ efecive and mfr compotn (Bark 1934 eres 1930). When sch cle aes irinconen (ep, kets! whte-key pl hte), they can ecm more ional harmonies When the ste at diferent (ep, one User enating of ‘mor seconds ae che othr of mor com, they st fr cntap es Spacing hs becomes an sporanecnidrtion nse fran Example 518 shows pe of caster sar hat shown in Example 517 yt placed over a ide ange (hice) wo bebe Some of he sobs hae are secundil, bree overall srctuce rele te ovo ee With lower otesspead apa and op nots lovey paced The tm hte re lo Iy apie asthe chords impos tera ns nd pcr ado Ips root Ar the same ine ll wee ote ae preset ah may occ te than enc. I thew mote were ucaneraduced co cage the ove fyelve-ntepanchomatic Sound, the change mold be otcste (Kagel 1959, ‘Ths example mold he een more poent in en india ote pores eformed by 2 sng ofcenta neal of tro pane Since the decay of pla bots ela fat the diferences quickly dispyeae Satining sing nt ‘mens, howeve could bang ou ine ines at epee exon the ated o mas fing notes (Mable 1910; Pender 1960). eommance on sting struents of icncy dieing tinbes woul ter enhance nite tpontane Perch 1965; Reser 1983). uur 517, Neat cae whe te congoss cHaeTER FIVE Ext 518 Cn wh verse inne “The i cern Example 5.19, white ky plano cst site cntonnen ‘eampaon ith the ssond chroma cst. The third laste crits ech ‘hey of major seconds (whsetone wale) at Uke the seca htt, consis Savlvotone ape of ietal Thatcher abo rss the fist hte how SeeMt at ute eonsenang hough the premlnce of supented our Tick of a atong ton ake pogeons of ach cts ete and without mathe det oS aoa Ext 51%. Dinos cama nk wlan we ieee eaten era ey of feos in wt ae ds do nS 5092 Rar 192 Pa ret chee ne cern al 8 TERE Sct terns trys ho enlseed oe Sart enim eet par he ce The ee SSTLSASRIESGTEAS hat ohne hank dot oe vce Tat ean oben cn th thee fm Feng cos tinal isn ore 31 ake cha pase oie re ree dane one re Esmond cn mh Ef ed enn Tseng rsdn me oe ‘e832 on se ony rs ble ron, The patina 5.22 eran nnrvlc verviens of om tow of econo. INTERVAL EXPLORATION 6 Bete BuIRE 52, Rene cer th cen dee eng cmp ovina 522. Tho movement oneness dient Cater es he cman de stone us othe pl ‘Stel The cnn cts sue tee ‘slp ang nem ee sn ne Ath bn ers cane pres ad con aan "tea ws Hayter pres ho ten ely ew enamel peacoat a Interval Combinations [Sampoes may abo espor mine than one ineea pew, than one ner a the bs fro ran hare ae all segues iiss we this Since ie sachng a ‘nein chon face many cer ery mata eo cee staring point Gr employing cwo-tmerval voeabulare56 CHAPTER FIVE Insenal exploration cn ao combine with other conpoitonal techniques Esimple 52) shows on exc wth he avert nd ectave dplceent) 8 the ‘bt its mcd and harmon ele Th eal tes a igh chroma” tech vestry and pontlm (Jacned a cape 6) Nowe the ae con tency thatthe pedoinance of svete cles the otherwise dcooneted ie ‘Applestons of meal exploration ro oe ecrghes can eovides fhe sure fection and cot. Povtonaky flrs ancrber sntreting zlewe for inter exploration. For ewan the cota bern pal centers canbe sengtetal by easing fee tras each center L, — — oe DT mee 3 xgut 528, Aner thee tena thesevenh amo nd mela Composing Suggestions *+ Compara that ea fv ot texte of qual choad (tects Deve chranatevration ough singe atonal ms Ton ey emoved by evo rp or aor more fo he ra “+ Ta br pee fram vale nsent and piano. explore seconds {iar and mines) and aeguene Seve dlacemets (is Eablhrhe scandal barman encugh eo that «min ead, ‘ich ould appear in the compotion, becomes Sitaram + Anakoe Example 524 for beh the teva explored and harmon ‘telaic tenets Compare ashore temps toaceve the sme ‘Sets Or wings deen fre source materal INTERVAL EXPLORATION 0 Compose an exceed work ea lo istramen expo foes end Sit roe cosa ape Achieve chromatin yee a oral alee end rd mate” Anas theresa ees chapter echngue Crete 2m le ee chat. With hc a bss compos awe a sition pan, Uns me opp Stcharmon snd mater sacs “ Comp nor aro mone vile amen (a ia) dha Sse eh ccc St dea nso bs Accompany th la ie in Example 5:25 with later: nce Theis, ie tye co he he and gee toe nd ic ced “time, ty to blend with the line, tosses 4 a BUM 525, Page fr acer cominCHAPTER 6 SERIALISM SERIALISM IS THE SYSTEMATIC formalist fone ce more musica armetere dung composition (Bets and Cane 1972; Morgan 1992; Salsman [988 Sina 1986, Stucerachs 1969). Mit esa eves pc, and mex ch sera, ncn employ ese une anager the we of al evelve equ tempered tor eqaly athe pfereee fr ary parila pitch pcs Such spay saps tht pitches not repeat an os no ally ofthe ether leven picks hve sounded Ii wold em ht ths fron (csv ofl eal eters withach pacha om ene or anal (nl of an oa ene) feces mst be carfly manana thoughout a ven compotion rt have Sry coniaency Such con chrmadcn, however produces musi diecon- Teaas comcantdankom. There, repeated noes and fates can outa Tenge the gee evel one expo ones ound ay preiay “fueton pele fe pov compos wth 2 fay uneied chro Tim, ei devel sods Gee 191, 1935; Schonberg 1928), The tee of teletne proclues epcally aves aleve faraones Regards of the sicnes ingly the proceso the manne of esa eevee oe fr dus renin importa conceal al compere fo gap a an ety “ef ecniqu even ortho ho do nox at exp nhs woes Thouch note counting wil be see, can ase an oveaelmiag oe in lening serie echnigu, ict the cent ere ofthe tem. A will othe cede sian simply repens 2 source fo which msl ition and Ipaton boald be plik Wh sr fr ih sacred aprcch 0 ‘rz the raw materi of ms, note parnter composition cs tha oc aye ohio rose The Row “The fie ep in ceting seven sve ebbing a ree tne rs (Gruhn 1966, Spence 1960) Baga ie ow eset Base he Oe anu oli ofthe eat wrk etn ag ato he ems loc ns con Senex and eranencs Example 6s or aoe tonal ws male ch ‘hice, Nove faethe lack of sng nerfs, thn ad eve i — ‘renun eon etre sft oe at tet theo so ces [Buurr 61, Anatol toa om Te cont. ample 6.2 om wit sain consent chromate vocab Jan, alo contains ete outlines sped harmony ant poss, ad 30 ehh sgps nay In genera, hr hy, sli tendo ape {opal pcan rom whe son sve tend o weaken nay Toe Jetone,cven with an iervenng te, as unpredcatle conse ttl ‘ow, anngmened fourth may sony hint tal damizane seventh chord {Pee 1977). On the ter haan theta row of Expl 62 the cme | fo may ee mos atonal spec (Cor tate Fbarp mai oes FS to nets 10-2), Between tee renters hes hide uber ort trek waning depres ofan tonal aston Bink 62. A sates out nal ow Acide om soa aspects, Exanple 62 exh» proce of wehiene sic ivan ase Each of he tom's for tce-ate owe (sch) rns Atta: Frcknorice cht the ow wil be wed veal a nell = orca mts the se of trae combeation or harmon. Row my sls hee Serced sound Heachode(axnote grouping) eto Gore sowing), fd urolanced callin (wo ante, forex) Example 6 howe so es ft dicins an enrages the relator beween ech ofthe sets ‘The ciation i cerng ows coming ee lat cn became ie, bu tan abo rene scan a unl compoxtal andcton Be 196Ib;Tenbay 1971. Such ows cin frm mately balanced es hatin sequences, nese, an 0 om a wel lp 0 ea inet harmie linge. SSS StS Bune 63, Row sh beac and al pi« HAPTER six “The enol version ofthe som desgtl erin a Pr pron, maybe tan med eleven tines withthe uber Owed doe the orga pt evel and {he munbes [1 so denote the wenpetins Othe viens ele meni (, setae) anderen eta OR). Amarr wal ol that makes ch “rains renal accembleFgue 61 shows a matic devel fom the Tow in Enamel “The rial sw apes sche top fs mae The ivetson of er read down the ethane the mat Thi verso od te 2 wlth {Seach neal of the orga sens eal—o major cid up in the oil ‘Spalsa mabe thi! dwn inthe vero, pan With comet reste ne ‘hn, he chang cum down wl conan alewle pitches. To check ths, Bea ‘ith the nee Cand find al comate notes pf ad inling B The mat ‘plete ying scene hon rw, hepng the eval Bere che ‘Sree nw nthe ney ove constant Another method nae ce fring reaped vers oneal Sep ap om prev competed esos in the proper owe "When fds» mci contin al fur vr af the ow Bingo all cele vale ots (nn al). The orga a0 ll fe anpatins 1 4. - SPT = i] | S a fee OL [ate |e [abe Jobo este Ie F fe [o [orfatle Jose folo fore ‘Wf [eels Te Ya fee fr les fo | TLAOLe fo Te Teele foe for] + [ecole (r [a [osfe [ols fe | eft Tr Yerle fools [a lable |» ofr Loe Yo Tene leo ]e pole for] = GEIS Ee ih) IR Fane 64. Mune dling al Gm oon age 4 appr: rom ket to she: The inversion an ie mansions read rm tp to be fom. The regres tsrpm Atte an these ance and is warspostinsappeat fom boro top. The nbs ouside foe ac Nre inate level of tape, “Although compesng a et mars may niinly sem se cenmiing. he Jester nb nays tnd compotion of twee one me He shod the weenie neering and egg of the varios Forms at ans ovsons Once asm scope nd cached rps ner eg the presence fs than rele foes or ume neva) ands mac completed ant lewis ceded then the pc mata te ead campeston (Category Anais and Composition Conpcstons in which onlyone ern ofthe rw ceun atin ang oa pp owe scat I. Both the harmonic anc meade mee of acaegny T work fe genera! om tom Btreanother verso ofthat row begins Esangle 63 Bows ar ana shor excep wth atendane neuter. Hore the rt, uth, fea sith nts of he tow ae ed meloskly whe the remainder rae fae. ‘one. Th changer asthe excep connacs ven shwgh eh excerpt ue te untae pine frm of he ro he en ate rican varied Ino King compeston wrspstion as vaiey fee seuence ad nvenncn, tha en no immed recennl,pves tthe vrs. Retrgrde ae mare ifcl to mange ules rou bt Ie ni wh slr oganaton, nsetson reograde though thet oie the Jan ecognzel fn ofthe nw ave farther potential evans Recon Ie means roe mich noe cnneng even Meng the ow Gem (BL IR) eel acknowledging» comiten emi cbr (Cater 2 conpetions employ mer than oe ves sew lacy {Seicenberg 91, Weber 19, 134, Care mnt betaken hen sigs eb tthe pent acetal tans, oper if vi nan tert dant feicamen can be ge high Such ncoitences c te snd with ate Brow 65. Rovandcnegay | cep wih art anhhover Inded, to some cmpse,ctepy 2 conpostion cfs the set portunity fr creative wrk remling wee te fl pacts thee teenth cenire Obs the more simalancove vero the ro tae the mare “pprtanier or inne harmonic and mele lngng, Exape 6 sows Seam then an ese agit of the veins oho lone ay enlng a phn and need harmoe proces ‘Example 67, on the othe ane the ae ow ad eons oth ow but compost cre ante we ym atone he cen fhe ering example, th ese at ae evil ch costes iteanbe nue of coune at sy ust ees stch ere The pt ete ow ce is that categories Land ? pose diferent challenges the we of weve recede Testo be even that any wodk wing tele sne pce wl ea msc 1 the compo who crests ln wy shoud the uso hs chau coe as, Srentch Bath cago) I and category pent spec preblems ad sitions Category seein east, but rely allow ee 0 be madly recog rable sce el nts fen mut be picked noncncatey fom therm ‘Garena defect of tween proceme in hat ce ay one gat foe the eter cleven ave sounded and allows baronies nat found se ow elf co ce (unexpected i wth nor Yom, ea SPRALISM o le Yer eateauy 2 ofr sian vay ian with cre. alo prove ‘Spportuities pcice the caf of conpening whi» conan th Example 68 show ih aes in seats cert ith och desea mustaly and, spl the veal and borsoal an the vinous am ue ‘The two exert fers ound ani the ception othe ow al Cantino ‘peters can rose uc nl elt, Not, race how se tes In baample 6 8¢ count for more than one ow verona how he her tines, crs cecal “The vanities tow manipula reas numero the wore wing the Pee 1952) Noe and cord repettons, by ematne onder ows, i I any ‘es cliques a Exam 95 the D pel inthe fd occ org eke bce nthe ow Al the latte of he nthe my becomes ie ae the next verona common tcigueand the harmonic ater fs the tial statement ofthe ow repeats with the sind vento this oun to serv ec un of eel cde ening tere whenever ict the com pcr nets, Lost so seca rows, eecaly when os ste Tea epeutn,canpedac eeu rente Adi ts mca ene 2 alo work ete Although thse expert, ay in cmbtion can Jel confined pocaares at ines heey penate ne ses when oe there becomes mononou, ‘The wie of subsets oft father pnt fr more esol of ow vane (Webern 199), Example 610 shows exahorl ow in whch the sod he Exstt 66 Rows ncn cae? ee Cee in cer om agen oe6 charter six Fe 10. Hecho anid iw ih iio ni abe, ord haste same iter the ist wih the ches eared apa tone, This ype of Reach oration cde the priya nearing Hon pug oso tha the le cr of ane eso othe oboe te = eter of nother enon: Mover he ecard uh chore act anes tthe fist and thd eichords especely Ths pe of mitaon can ed wo ae fy and category 2 combats wth interchanging ies be uri ‘et; subset the with set one, and oreragetag 2s many notes a deste ‘Sich combaons can produc, n fc on of more than wae note, ‘erachora atone cane ex oom wing the eon ea tome ll heater the fee beacotd ein nll win the ital of tent ay meron (ver, retrain eta or ranpoation of the pins cine ete inthe ssn Beach Obi he ot the on wah to ctete gal saves, a many towtona Hemachordl sels can be Feed howere a goad sarang oie Rowe ith extaudiay nee coneercy fer compos Aan oppor nite for exploring te pote of oe relatabi,Be sue howevs 0 04 ting the noe machinations denne msl dues and mate A presccoe- ton wth note counting soul nt elise tue al ton and pete Combinaoraiy Rays with song sbeebs spl ages ther epprtantin for ‘ewcvetne composes (rite 197; Kata 1990 Ra 1980) Oe such ows, ‘then Kea arch amt produce out-of equiaet ch es. That ‘ri ots ute fone veron ofthe rom may pp chee he mate sERtatisn 6 ‘nr ot the ame note ale (Babi 1947) Exe 614 and Figure 62 show [pstsuth sro. The notes ofthe cn Neacnd othe nonasped pe fppeat na nw onder inthe fis hexihond ef a wang ron etre AB, wich sah de scondhexachord of a eanpoedivetcn tthe tw ‘Combining ata exclave hxachors creates new But fie ows shown ere Ibdow the mats The fist row shown hecho P th Beacon! te TR ‘sain the mir scod neal etree hesachrl ibs, we the end tow thoxchied [of P wih hecho Poff) ioe titine eewec su Seine rm the neal betwee thet nts the mo exact ‘ial rox Moreover, both this and the pesou o's new exile pales ofoneanshen Beco the fins hexacow of the anspwe invenion rete UR) ha he sane ots a the sond hecho othe sonutnspsed pine (Ps he scan Bi i Row wih cb onl Pie — GEER Er ae ae a + etme [oifob le Te fo feb le [ofr ulsfefe fable foro leslr lore lo vole for|asle [s le tle ef erp « Le Latl i] Te [sP ls fe fo erere ele le fotlee|n Jefe oro fe len «felale |r Jefe eee poe » [ole ye [ole feta fe eral > fefetasla Te [e[os|e fa fore » [elo [e fooler |e Ir [errno fr + [ole [ole lr [ork [ete fe + Bink BEF E Wek © AC HS OLDELGEFGAL by ACabapboabcrE cia Prove 62. Marat Ea“ cuarren six Sune 69 Rowand acts pie etn bc nt he same note er (Babbes 197) Example 611 and Fare 62 show teach 3 The ees ofthe sein exch ofthe nner pin epee onder nthe Rit hexachord of = wand neton fetta AMR), which 6 sho dhe send hexaon fa arpa wenn ote toe Gonning atl exclave hxachors creates ae but fated ows, show re [bbw the mat The fiat row shown honcho P ith Resco to TR asin the minor send itera ereen herachorda bet whe tbe second tow thoxchon of P wih hecho? of 7) ioduce tone betwee sek Seo—ishested frame inal Berwee the tnt the waeacord oe ial ox Moros bth ths ad the pevou o's exichond ae et (rks of oneanrier Beco the fins heacho ofthe wana nvenion rete (I has he same nota the second hecho ofthe ont! prime), he second SSS ewe Haahoe anchor iw wih meio nk ae hod bas he sae ira the ith he patches anand ap 2 toe, “This ype of heachoril oration cles the py of nearing ms nou fs oa the le oer of esa the ow become te i tote of naher renin. Moree he seen ap uh chore ac sens tthe it and hd enchords epeesely Tha pe feito ca ed ate fey and category 2 cations wth ercnaging es bt fue mth Sry suber dee wth sobs one, ad overgpig may notes a dete Sich sna can roduc, nec, ows ote than che noe. "Heacsdl lvoe can be ext ome by sing the ane el Ullah owes ofthe fae berachord remain ecaly within tener tone ny ven (iverson, rograde sven tga or ranean of ‘heen canbe seated inthe ond Reachord Oba tothe ol to teats fg! subse, a2 many somata heard clamps can be ferme le however 9 good sar oi Row i extaoditay nee eonasency er emo gia per ries for eponng depose of ate reat. Bese howeves tonal et tg the nts machinations dominate musaldeeeaco ay mon A preset ‘son mth not counting shoul nt elie ae sas niton and perion Combinatoriaity Rows wih ang sbset suereatons ply suast oer gyortunies or ‘eke tone omc (ach 197; Kat 190, Ran 1982). fen uc ome ‘hen baat hush mat produce ontu-der equivalent ch set That ithe nots ofa ane vero of he ow may appear in the ma Se Beurt il Rowh conan onl 1 + sh eller =[2[=[slel"I=lets> [=e] eee PP ERrrle aitetlel else OAC HBDLOELGEFCAL b Acs aDbDabcr ects Pause 62. da ow in Beagle% chapter six hexchort of dhe inversion retrgrie hasthe ame ne theft hor Pin ie rer St nthe an Fg 21 the ‘eto tn dhe ae dee ‘Gob os ay ako be crated f techn a icon ae tee toherichirs. Fret nllaced ba canes pope tea “irene rome For example the ss thcaghsereth moe the vero hae ssuviletpiches tothe son hesachordo Sich mangle wie they may seem igh elects nent em ecole vant fhe ol tad ‘hare muna enn these wy tot wing eon mela mates ds ‘Continotoral vos of ows canbe wk fr example rater or cones ingestion of muse they providing src ans, Cobian eon Can ao ofr prea or clio and ober uaa pedis. Exe 12 show pss fom ler werk ta Begins wth eateiey I competion Tse on the cial vein of the row presented ge 62 In mess 2, he tom src change wo the combination presen in Figure 62a ao wine “ateiy The no ow onan wth the ng ern eds no evi Fos ‘he orgs Haas head me cote (BSS eS = protien ap a F eu 12. Mohlin singcofthe ner combs Composing wing combustor pose can Reem cxeive For example, sllcombinatoval rvs extn wich vet etachon,eachr and chad tn canbe exchanged witha leas one fer venkn (ee F621) Sach mathe tana ents should noe ovetilnce masa comiderstons, Roweree Aut fom aow'sinherens ma rope, combat posts in nome faher pric she testinof conning compoxtin, [Noopitch Serials Ti centuries composts have wed rantinal principles fr masses ‘ac than pi thythle moe, tytn sera yam andthe sich ‘des, Serr fen ges one sep farther by noon combug same of ese “cyt bua in binging the to high eve comtency Sachse “llvencompon thas of pkch and tas eee muse parantet Inger srl compe ne a male of methods md tens an oF WHER allow rite el sll eel (Bete 94). Th museca Be intl sei ths ew aoe et oma partes Boe 1950), Wa Senatisas e tecomessigicant re ete namber ogni ements pee bu the et tar pach no oe singed ou The tive drains in Example 613 ae roped i trent ui et cords. The fist dure doued ganer i compen by an eh and ‘ane ccting 23.12 rat. The nex ee duran kp these poptan, ‘ow in dmintion (he drains ale). Ths arated heahowd exalts ste fase structure othe seca hexachord, which we pt el men ‘ion Goble duran) sted of isnt Poinarididd i Example 6.14 shows fs re regu, he he ner an the invenion et ‘marie ofthis draton ow The sein beer cahancie chs sen and shore 3 an tin che crt, The eter nd the Ivo te spade then nl evo te xg andthe ven espe. Tks dkyea sng Peek otdiiaas PDL Lidl dao Be. etd, and need meng eso f Bun wo Evarple 615 dersstates sy ad ch opinion, sing this don fo wih the pach row in Example 6. The two rm shh complemen cach by moving a th sme pce can ho ener wth cch Keung and ed Ing dens lations. Many compesionserpoy cso kms of cone ‘encing ad lyri ope a sense funy a vray‘asin ow fen empl sc changes for tne Rests of egal ornon oy al sat oe ots Anges a isto can BH ure furan ror. Exaile 616 shows eels veson ofthe oil row “Thc hese tania use valve some hassling they EN ee rssh vans 2 2 Nid] dd ene 616 Tite tn Ea Dyan roms can bcs in mach heme anne a ron Figure {Srshows ewes Ayam ning or pp off The ce eos 1 tous new dhnams raed oneal heal aval o teh. The a Fie 6 arn thee dais toe chord, ac of whic contains sa “Tres onl ep chong sap eres the et, fll gle Seton tose ac om oh soe res ba at FP AF OS ap wear Lue no et gn 6 Seef te dani shan 0 Such econ of hsv conn he mt eee lo sf fis the et ‘estou nthe le the es Far ean, epee the roe fe pin 9 telat ot of the te, nd me che mile the fu. ine 6 she the vein eta, nd inversnn tropa of his om Dy mw wr a te om mm Dy we Fm me sna 8 a ot yr or pm mm snes mw Ft oe fovace. Receives and en eg fom ‘As w the poco dation os the serine fm era Ho fea hid ced ihe ser and oh pecs Which [SS nba cone note brn marks rely The ai enc roendnami omic mn ccroner messes se re compe ‘Mcnen tne Be 8 rhe te dams in demandes When danse ms ‘er te by moe heft pi ee dfn tare th cht SERIALISM o Few 65 pce an arian rove Though mw fee actions can yb cet, sly a have been chosen ero under that wee oe ‘vine mime gsi, eran the two tide produces te nero at shonm in Figure 66, Reversing both the orginal and the version creates the wo fre and iverson erga vero reece > AAA Fane 65. Arica om RA+A—>. TAsA. > @ mRo>- AA rue 66 Retention ad vaio eg sf ct oe Sams Note ao the cpt acl ana shown n Fur 7 prover he acre Gem ee mone Hoe te Eerie els Wl se ta tt ong cn te ne» HAPTER six des deny dan, dam, dan, des eS Example 6.18 presen ery shot wok sgt vous parameter fr me opr nlon ith he ening oa anabie The pitch tm, mami r= “dna tengo and orton emai lc thought with varatoa che Shared bowen hen The ater ere ar ben conse nto vry ew me Shee which evil dirs the Me somentaeIn ata practi, the poe ior eater han shown. Te dynamic tov acu vce (ial and iverson ad the temper om nl once es the fia emp). definite cotton between ‘stars eta by Being the ows ogcter nd manning as mich osone tone elton between ven poste Fane 63 shows ny wr hich de cn Be sein The sto lies tnanent enrnces: The ced, oe exe, ov nde inal qe ‘crt fe ints Rowe freien ually by oa, bt mot neces) ‘nl in cere mas or es any oe cote part fwd can ‘Sleds wel Notesewel tthe ern, tog, a imerson emer Tove oly pes ayo vayng ron, an ht agent dint, ‘been wd her ck devs an a bed ete ‘Many compos el that eral organi, erecta he seiliaton of seve alia elements poo eb fri. As withthe seal we of pitch, fomever the copia of tee mater can pov composts wih 2 es oe of epoted fw mater, Sach matte may ther be saa ma {tein dts Bee 945,195). Otherwise, ach compostiona ces can {us Utena ther nth dered oe msc Process no 2 al el br athera meme tamed SERIALISM a Fenn mat co of tes ply cave place com ping tse nd crane cnt on at tl ncn cme thus aie tn cme Fw weed tem np an sacs dhs eed ty eho eng chm od pin owl we fen ead wig he hit gh ns i np: Colne. ype ty apg macnn Ito pers a Ie ea cy pon Enmpl619 hows sade nl poli en Th fs ei, Aecoptng tne dplenent, nik eral agian dtp oe The fee ive een and oan eh tas xe db ot pale chi tas th dey tra th lw nd accom mele sry Tefal en in toe n= cence ated Sac Auh an eth ft thieves sean an ogni es st tall dead ars ieee ec ne coe mca The invita ccs itt ssc new ons Futon oy gpa hve id cae plan ylation cet Wa tetas posi, tows the cain of thee roc at eth uct oe nmap ma oli tee at nthe Il mxe snd sey fom the cnet lng i es He 620 ena wines, oh tthe pons Both approche ser dil pps. Se sy canner the ft xa the a onan 8 Storr ekn CHAPTER Six ot eer 620 Contig ese oul me ee rela ne pent The second mel, homer ama ness imme ‘Gate wih each note ugue ad atoning contr whe wae ‘Conteing pants wih twee one procedures eens naa toy eco of tet hates posit bua Bene of he cobeson seco tec aso the patil tenpra acne, and dams extees of on Thin Moveowee pots enkancesrelve-tone music’ cs on che Stet of tnd ones Othe cer had, panels, when apped odoin ‘nc alton ne cam em cd Ted she elements hci ‘SiNceafly oe lies ure fe shan noe he srouly wenkened by ee oe pint adn. ren thou ap oust Goethe ste of he rele-oe pin exer in ‘Example 62 they comin expand apd prove diction vovacd the ot of ‘a Lie, ght erene ete durin toed the end ofthe ange ‘eahen the cadens nf ale dct ro the mele Tne: Te er rangle 2 hows how with same ertemesof cave dplcenens compo rete spa couterpin in singe ie (2 of hake ech wih he Hera les pots ring separate eld gouge. The deed es how ie ‘Sond the ster delineate the po fal fr ech ne These ast 1 ‘Ropes cut ow cern palit eso. sto wl with aoc wa maminaais, Wncecemmmmpssnin a tnge ton. seaatism 7 sees Eig toh ies ee nes iene fom hr moe Seve bomen sown iy ay pn me et cps wn Barc Tn ery apt cn te in he fess compton sre ad bat ape Cangy 7 oe one pce complet pe fre own Fame 825 These evs cet cea ats ef peal ee fe wich mayer ete ay mse Erg 895 ows toh Ferents 6.25. Peimaiin in across tet of hatenonst wosindeep.Klangfarbermelde Klnferbmelte ely “ound color melo’) exten pis by roving flee ink foreach ot, ho ur enhancing he unaue aus ofthe ‘nl pcos Example 626, vii, hr i) te, exes hi ra merino otis, SERIALISM 8 use 627 anton — xis 626 Knee -Eremepoinism nd Klara, homer a ead to constant ain ‘whit can Bore ap es nteesting an rama The eri rai (vended works wing 4 contant ear of pli ani Kaxginbomelle thee lined (Webra 1929). Tonal tse ecrlqus crac shat pve presen orm nd lio nger works wally eanssting of urbe thor toverments courtly tempo or over dames: Earp 627 hows che pening menses tae cotating movements ea wrk wing Kngtomel ecu Klement can alo Be wed aces ihn vase eer exces sora or cones. The bef pase er vii in Example 628 Beis ia {then mutes to. shor st of pallion Kore earn 0 omer fx on et on or - paunr62?. Opiate Kongo novemersandsone il co “sae Tis example sows how pili ehnigues cn poi vary without Brening he am for an entre wrk Tlnglrbnde, however, can make clinases in aiclmats,deson oly onal almost epee excope ihn ey ager I thee foe now to be ante of the extn of each ptanetr ae save tho 0 tht ‘ouarineloe becomes an eft tal or tly musa compotion an at ‘meen cleus deve Composing Suggestions + Cree a tna ow ands tad compre a sort cago pee {repo Cale ke nthe ed ng ann hanes * Cam wk ko nronen styaig tan tr ‘sion the onal wih no option: Make the pte tee ‘ne poubi, ng pcnon, done vavanens and son + Gompf tl ha: {eras pie a steep oan tment pln: Use oy (Steg Tern16 cuapTer six + Const yo in whichth cond beached the verso the fist ‘erachord Sec ca ty conbratoal pss, Compose thor wok Sepino wang eon enter be row excep ves, Be ‘hepa ncaeny bor molto catpry 2, lps, acon ‘Mean eon ofthe om + Compose a short work or valle sing ine istrmen io wih & Fy neatly atone wy model trough rave plc Mn dani nn, and som, 2 more cea: Klee. staid oe + Compose se fit shee mesure of a of ve mmmets fr dre alse psurments wang Katine Make eth movement (nrat wih hecsbess Ua siecteary To + Ace Eagle 629 othe opt, Contact ma eo SSE ESER GA? pao et nd then conn the cee Se rv metres at kes comple + Auakoe Example 630 frst any areas of serization as pose Citi he ace coninng the vows owe sree HAPTER 7 PITCH-CLASS SETS (ANY COMPOSERS HAVE employed pichlas sso compost re (Bah, 1947, 16h Mom 1987; Seas 950. pc elute roe ars pth ad all oft ctvetansponton, sucha all Cs Since the oa chromatic xale ha wel dfrene pce tet te ol twee ich 7: ehelas ses ate groupe of pth clases placed i senda ode, Piech-Ctats Set not eoemonly ted 208 unig ica es apes in Table 7.1 Fone 3): The names derive he umber of csi he ta as ade na the ses, The Z cde in soe et ame ll be cased ater th “The parentheses sachet some st mame er nseraoneaance hey ner to theme a the ne shown) The umber the et that fqutew90 = C= Da.» Drandsoon,inasening mercer wth Js reducedwthin the octave moun pcs auton). Ae wl bs ph chssets are equate eed othe sae pie Sm "Be 7 the hae of se pthc et cn he well 9 umber a 1 wl be dscbed dry set have many eel of reds, and the che ste wheter a oup hashes ull ede, Scand eae es omen ars efetece Gr cnarng cts wt snr bt ex senaal clement swith ientmumbesf ements, ome of whch af ental Ths can el when a wil be ce shorty ts apposite athe han eq 10 one orhes Mercove te cha fe an pprtunty fr generating mew wens or tein composton Analysing Sets Secale gouping phe ether edo lpia i cient site fa Fee 1958, Lee 1989). ase mu th rung alee ad even ener within cern Hounds (Cramb 1969, Wr 192, The cond sample uae lated so tho gous tend to separate thence For Inti che oe three sts oor nen he pop thse ee the Shree riley andthe le con lem be gel png The cous ou 65. Per7” cuapreR SEVEN pITCH-CLass sets » Feta | Nase — ra rr ss paws | 4 — nu So ouaasTs SSH 2 tiem | 35. shan olsaia Sm fsa totes | 38 san are Pt toon | 3 apo Glstes ft 33 roeort | 342 ant Ghistso ish seu) note | 53 Bilt saat crnases Heal sou Siow | S2iau mat abet Sot Sst) soos | Si Bit soso Pi a some | 54 BIBL Beale Sit en fe088 | 5.802) nom Be Seat Sie ant Bane Saat es Sain iniso ior Pa 2 Suis hm Baa Suztas hus 3 Si 2a Bat SLZtAs ue ea Be Fre bene pan S Sat Band base Soa a0 sina ean Past gizisa9 sia en 5 00 Bans ozaters dst less sit Boo Set rea oo 18150 Se 43) sas leat C133879 Man ean Sh ee Claas ease hn oe eageaio eta) Soe eb oe eraser Sit 33 ets ca ouss8 ha Set is, tun | $31 ost Rae 2 is Hotel | $32 canasa Ssh ae Meaney feo | 33a o1zssa S88 rf sa Giz3as ham foe eae Sst) 2) 012849 ym oon $200 Soe ausas ua a 23, Sexo | Guzsas abn piss sae a) 018449 rosy 20 gitss in os aa) e100) 2429 a ese tas en au3si9 aw 6s ae) oa euais aw 55 lean but | Seu my civare aa oiasse7s Hes ase) es | GUERAIAD Ge) sz ost za eus4ss su SUESsT8s She Bre gias4s2 Sar SUzSATAs Shee san guess gpaion | att Gu2s438 Sa Susasars Seq gp" S123} Sano | 68) eins San Prear md Sh SNS Sa | Sze Biase Gasser Shwe B1seSer9 S650 “ome 7. Te 208tane pcan i% oe. Gomme) a ba ei2sst8e a aus 3a S12s3e88 3 S124seee 34 Biaes7se 33 Bias4ea0 “4 Gizasesie deo | 98 GuzASTaID Sete | 910 Grzasiau ase | s1 SIRASTANO $8553 | 9 S1SaSTIO aN S12asers 35 ouasasens snes Blaaasere 16s Biasasexe Tors Busasyse Jars Guisaarae Tasne Siiagsaa to eres Gtasasnelo eres Suanaetelo etree SU2SS.628 10 ere SUZLAgTR IO eoeee SLESSAz9N0 sor Bia sAsI0 sas ‘erin Example 7 ess that, the least, group cole formed Sow ing the rl ies other an eh eat hamopies Example 7 epee + move comes suntin wre vary of oupeg col rede success aay tor Whatever the process, however going sell allow cone ae mess Ingal—sudie lone nample 7.2 demonstrates the snare eee aparnl disinaeses The nal enna tye ferent sod coment tant Awl he shen ‘hey rface othe ames aes 71 The emg of oi PITCH-CLASS SETS st -Aulping + pth-l set iavlves eon ll redundant ses in found gov and eating the ets a plc cane os, dreading eter) Those es shoul then be conver torumbers wth C eit 8, Deo Land 60 0 and lced ia ascending uteri dee Thum i tees ofthe gro shows Beompe 72 the notes FB, A becomes the set [3.560] = Sand B= 3 in scending ode. Sets shold hen be wns they be with 0. Heace he (35:9) se tansoss vo [02.36] by saacting the it number foe cach umber of the set tr. Lookng back a Tale 7-1 ne ee htt egters a6 12. Aplin the same hse proceso che son coed n Example TE proces the flowing P= 5) = 2,808, E~ 40" [2438 in eending ‘odes Ths et lio reduce 0.) (12) when theirs umber isabrcted on thers wo thet exis with 0 2 edace pte et requ fares um emi etn el ‘ania of ach claves (ene dane eewcen lament ote) Reng Some ups othe pine frm egies tation othe vt by uccnivel ta ering he etme mer the et aod aig 2 Example 7.) shows a group of ots dh does then wana i a ch das et appear in Tae we low the procs of emoving reddancee foe the sled group of mores (8 Ch GB), converting thee to names 14.810} plcng he ern acending oder {18,1011} anda be ast fom each umber othe eso bei with, we aie ate (079.1) that does ot apn Tole 7.1 To id he pie frm wl be nce Bote 22, Theva fhe ome dt@ warren SEVEN ee gins 23.Agowpsht ds at nyc amin Tle 7 mow the lon enty the fa ight and ad 12. This pofaces the fllowing Ses (291012), 261201 ond (10,12.121). Now how each ation (ilar To versing hn) anon the nant tat ix eng moved the fa ight by crave Pine fms oct ve eat diane etween the ott member tases ou nthe cve of ttt hve two or mone egal dance the with ths leut dtance btaen heist and second member the fet hough etd tment and on. The orn and etated sets ofthe st of Feampe 7.) pe Soc. 9 1, [7.91012 = 351,102.19] ~ 1s and [10.29.21 = 1, ‘The sai icine se (3), whe seed seat Beis with O, Pecos (0235), one 440. ict pe oso ich cla es an be fund eherby using ters em ory sng oats. Sone eet even ee torah process however Soc sree fanhe converson Dtvng soup fic case obec ach ‘Scant om 12 cette verse To demonstrate ths process eae 98 ‘Goup of recs Chow in Ex 74) and sna acai fo te fremerioned Frcs Tere the mute wihlow dunce te BC, A, By F Converting Theos to mame [609,33] an plsing the set cen oder (wine thence for sabato, since theo ead comais 20) pods 03.5631, 8 tert des nox ape Table 1 Petting the fos ures tthe ht ling 12 and evling the lletenesReoween the outer sumbers sels 8 33691 = % B69 = % (69.25) ~ 1; 169120507] = 1 [ot2i.1748) = 9 Although dice of these fos have the sme difeence eran thet oe kent 9, he second et (35.6912 the es a ne the ifeenceberwee fits ements malt sted of 3). Began thsseton 9 yoacs[01,469, another seta does oe appear Table 1. Raton thee oon ht apeaon te lt egateshe evil meson saben the sot fom ID Hence (023201 becomes {12109631 oo —— PITeM.cLass seTs 8 169,102] when pact in ceding ores and [03679] when ben on This st cannot he fun in Tate 7. eer Th st can be esa ita ely found set however, and rotated. Thus [O5679] ~ % (67910) ~ 9, [67912151 = 95 179.1215,18] = 1; an 2. 12.1818,19) = 10 orm th vrs permutations The thd the hee eal eins) 0 (6791215) beast ew at form by ver having dotnce tween he st wo eso che Ser (Ths set then Becomes (0.1.69) when beeing on O ad cn be ound as tet rmbt 531 inthe io in Tae 7. The machinations can seem ute complex forte ao-mathemacaly aed ernatly mon ets do nor eel hse sep ln act, get uns of purus wath ort er memes, can be ound i he che afer spl elution to mscendng ore. One simple shrct co this roe inves creating Sclokelie cee wih che numbers estend of 12) ero I with 3,6, and 9 Tei ropectine quarercile potions acing Xe at the appropri puch ‘inte andcaluting the shore dasa ersen outer meer fhe “ices pine Gm hen the reuse rede ne en Many compet > pe alo ent dhe vid the ned fray computton rset reducon “Composing with Pich-Cs Sets A piclrls st ay hive an anata number of tent pic genes tes Fo expe et 418 (1,47) ca be epesened CFE, C.D FOL, DDE, sn soon anv ects and with any doling Yer reo ferent sich seeratns oe, they el hve the phi st common, fd hence soul slr ad nae the same. Exige 25 deca he of ig ich ct, [13 5680) nse 38 togrcrate re. Nextt he fprerted er variance ar grouped atin ad cle Abn, towing can be ‘er ambiguun than ts, Some of hee machinations can habe at oe ese Ts Buampe 76 three ate wed in ample palindrome Here she ne ups ere gett fom th some set (629), wee the sca ad th gros 4654). The td ad fourth props stant the center (622) tice se oupl harmony so tht the rerwgrde can tea even hoo the Alc cone of the oun ener em the ane de. Bewuns 75. The genenton of itch mae8 euarren SEVEN uous 16 A ape pln i fe te ‘ectors and 7-Complements xenon fe theo ete ens rtp (ere 173). Veto represented by the sedge lt that ll each tn Table. A weston tents ‘count each interval presen the ec. The ist clu pees mio a ‘ds Geri fe eed arn nr tec (eral of 2) the th ea ime mit dds (tra of 3), ap oot the ated ee (aes ‘ofthe inter Fee the ete re spl inversions othe se T= 5.8 = $935 10= 2.11 =D) Brame 17 shows a chord hose Yer eqs HL "hat contains co of enh the above named ira Tn ot caver rent ets hve dee vcr: In soe canes, ever er ntact hive the ae vce. Bec the pelt thse ch ae {auleohave4°Z” (oo sell meaning) ratory. able 7. rcetrs mur of tuck er inal atancen it pombe to erat oe Z-tamed set th com ‘ements een che, Some snr thesler a pare aca Such St ae repeated ty aguenthetel name ating et mare ch b,x 78 shows Iw ast aver oe Hee, hen hemo ln not) he fst hed Irediced, Beams te sme ee 421). "Wal the concep fet rection, Z complements and inven, comtempesy ‘ones cane tein mich he ae way tht Clases compe ad tet ‘x price Harmonies (Wet 1935) Examle 79 expres compliment) sees Theat menue 4215, rw ete (TIT ea tha of the = (nd meme’ et 22) Lome A cid evecare === PITCH-CLASS sere 85 pata DES Se Ek 19. Veena Invariance and Orhor Variations “Bh pone hae compare ith scr tha eae ovale sete mo Ss ht hve these vector can be st a sel owe, ox cs thar a sr ut ot eal Fre 197; Ran 199) One ofthe ways 16 do ths ncher comparing sues, Ths con be acamplaed o umber oe {de Pre, sro setcan ve sure of common ph clases arin ches Fat zp thes F590] and [3489 heft chow Example 710 "wo inva pc clases, ee ost [19 hich ere used a wanton ween the cond and hd cond (ra sexipld)Seond es ay ve caren er when reluced to pve ome Tate 7. Sows my sth panies mp 5.51 and 2 ae four common lemens ene rN een) 2 _phownin Bangle 7.0, ca be wed deepal (Using sila ses wih erent mbes fleets can lo pode neresing elt I Exar 11 the econ st, 416 [15.1 hase four meer he fives, 51410125. Obvious, hover the fer rae f elements wo ot aoe shave in crm, the les He wre one another ed he mone of Ach och compazns beso, Buume 110. Anions laet nde we ith cnn ich ase carrer seven Fame Compson ung eth iene unten dame eros an alo be compar rst prtce set fly elated inter val conten Forename the vector 22511 apd 222121 have our interval cots i comon, One pcs uve, caught a th eaten eo change one deren cept decir, Examie 1.12 demsates how wo chars ih these tat vectors can be uel n sce to enhane thee onl and por sy ale adantage ote diferences, ‘Avwber neyo comperng ich cle tel cone ating ated te empostonalt) involves we nosed es. Ths cn be parla sf ‘hen ean or campo melody or coterie. Example 113 shows ao Uatareequvaencto 2.3.56) or [04,36] = 4, although the meld oder of the ‘es fer. Ths athe al pasage followed in Example 7 by a mae sb- Aone wich he two aenseardeed eo [562] ad 1110871 edict ‘Shar appeatin dss tansponton. The diene mond however 123.56) xgons 712 Unig ths ta oe usu 7.13, Dirge oer nae st): ainsi mcr! ce being interialy equivalent to [8 1011}—pradues competing vaeon Another way of king at these St iol ranging them ti oe reondeed equiva, [3362 and [6,532 the send oup taped down 9 Feet fourth). Thi shows haw heer mle meses he it et ave hed othe ee Fuhermor all ts have complementary venir constr ofl dhe psc aes nox preset the orga. Thar he pect of 0,56] Get 43) hs ‘the compleretary ich cases o 23 4, 7,8 9, 10, 1 (or set (01,254.891 en esioning with eluced asthe complementary ero, When a sats 3 suber of aoter eo complemen isd ob in Kelton thts Fer exompl et 31 [0.2] occa sat of 8 ad in Kat 8 fren fet 88 dos nx ccc nth amps under aa St tht eb tes of anther set ans complemen ar sal be in Khilation ott se Fe fmple set 3-3 [D 4} a tbe of vt 418 [O47] sd te component (et 233.63910,1 or 1.13.46,7891, whch bones [01,2,358891 when is reduced), 518. ‘Canosons in which al shes al spe ae K- of Klaton t oe othe ae cae News isn sulene and onegualent bret pine fms of ph clas lene wih ivan forms, ara in vector al nn tered ean taste wy snlrscuning and rested soups of pch clases Fre 197% Levin 1987). Using sich complex bat oer sue rouge compnionaly can pode ‘mui imbued with» deep level of raison an ge, Combined with ave fu sie inl ch cla ser cmpion and ana can pve vac eure for composer and tre sie Relanc on iis tara ofr const ad anal conte gy _ cnt who srs Mang thers ue ts these elon he ‘mo part ar unter andhence cen. Ara resumes ich cin re eae the pl. Pehla set serve ell eure a a ty othe: compile Composing Sugrstons * Compose 2 shart wor fe plano tht wae aly one reachable Attempt wo cate vari of he st that son a dee pose, * Greate mal rst sort wor by iting only het mbes te ued aly arane te oto they cet vaios fates [onipose a wo fort eat ice ner wig thse sae * fe aml tna denn i Made [areonstentand msl summers pies eCnau, Muss oni + kay echoed fom he ech en Tle 71. Cree a east ‘ured ph elon ths aad arempe ees ‘ween hem + Comps + wk by nese varue Zine ich tt ‘Getpeshol ace taniy conerae Coser SoeBiie desea mh onesie seanated conpoton we ee ‘Sipura esa) + AnalaeExamgle7.15 poping in vnc ma: Cece te cg ‘facie ll acon he stan doctbed a he ope gar 15. Mus er gon nd omg, CHAPTER § RHYTHM AND METER STANDARD RHYTHMS AND ster the kind wed run by com- poss and pce, er sgncane potential Fr vain so deve {Carer 1985, Mentaen 1950) Lagat altemaer alo exe (ig 1962, endoeck 1960), many of which fe ome cms eater eope 0 eae the enol sles Resnctone ped by omen actce aaon te, se fe, frail excl many muse eas ‘Bar Lines and Pulsation Dessing rhythm and meter netaiy als the don tat stngishes heme Aheter tine Frenne: mse tuned miu ares. With the merase te fa of ensemble the complet of thythmie Hess, and he emphass on song vive tea ome ich at mus or dance the bate became a neces romple 81 sw sor excep for po witout ar ines: Note the daily of ecg yc oder dang prota, ven wth ne pefrmer.Ampli this tothe sce of np chest snd the teed fo sane oguning forbear, sonar ‘Onansng ms to measured units, however, rates het patterns an pera ples (nak ets and stony het, deeming on lace in he meter “Ths ples oniin many coemporary compos who, 6 a esl cum 0 ee rabies Example 62, che sme pseag a town n Example Bt withthe ae eo far ns, ch eit wo fel ts ug aong dombeae and sets of ccened yespton no res in Example "Taser example ave very det appearances, hough ba have ex the ae nots Bath ve god sd hd tor, Me ned nese ected to meses or ey em bet Such tebe ca ab compe othe ors of yh epi ad esode _ eS. cope pane wt es EuseiE 2, The evn mle ted vrs Frecing Metic Constraints Mater changssad compose meter at two the mat obo haf avon ‘he replay sngosed by mt (Bak 1954). rape 8.3 demonstra oth ch Iles Not that the tendency to pase Jowell rong Pea ‘amr changed Meteo however as een t se engrar else Tee lp een the eee of hie pd weaken the contra | thy whe contig ro maintain ers pccio (Mesioen 149). amie [Ed shows on xg of hott. The fr mela ine rent ong hn ‘le thr encarta he seendloeinellows, nen ee two, the met est and maid aces RHYTHM AND METER o Cxsechehns(hthns) can abo elev the fs of ically oped scone Example $5 show thes cryin The to Une of Exams teow sounds in meee cresting» cent aaa te pet le The ter seers a citer need or contted. depesing nthe sown fed context, Exaile BS las thee sultanate ath hee ot ent reining eu feral he, equing plceen of har Les 0 the irene meters. While such phys (limes) expand bm: cab ties chy clo rly the empty ofthe msc or peormes The roles fn Esample SScachiw independencely the we of accents laced in ern ccs Aes nthe meee. The pertrmerfach mas can len by ent on cl. Inco acct tht the eer ea owe cea and lid inert secns Consequently the ais des fel flow theron eg te han ering tothe pouty ail boundaries of mets ase. “Homala—i seer the concep of thee aie wo-ca Hlp lle the meric cents plied by bar ines while allowing bar lines to maintain cvere (der Example 8 shows koi a moe pea, anal ee In ange S88, chorde ears ets and bat inset heel a 9 gly es to ‘ena guise Noe how the nes peformance an et ees ot a he thy Reem the ie Fe Nae a Bene 8S. Thee epevofcretitian Gained)xwsnt A Too ngs temi Acta avkanc font tes work a feel a do. Ia Example 87 thew of er apd es presenter neeenc as oe the use of rela bet abs Iu fabio, the muse naam 8 retains box ma ee at ‘he nel hen scene ulin coe th erence Jan metic eodbnrne AMYTHM AND METER 2 units 87 Aine mic acu ing eran ent re cman uo 84. lttes comple a os wed Gr minting mee whut mec Metic Modulation Mec madution canal Ge melo Uns fom the eit of way Bets “Cee 1985). Eeample 89 sows Be messes which the tempo ad the mete actuate thatthe ow of mui vos regula peice ba ier Atte same ine the barnes conve op priors an onda sty gee. din id AD Laevga 86 Too npseftem Acnulsvktnc font oes work fee a do en Example 8.7 ‘he ne of andes peven ei neeence, ae doe thee of eae ‘vis, I bin the mae fn Exalted mee at ‘he mel esol vist coe wth ere ee fron metic replay. RHYTHM AND METER 2 Tain 64 Iron congleuy an ro wed for mining mee what mac Metic Modulation Mexic matalation can a fe elo tne fom the ein of say Bets “(Canter 195), Engl 89 shows ve meues n which the tempo ap the meet ful 1 that the ow of mia regular an pablo ine Are Se ine tear line conve op priors and sondutoe st gee. din dd dD ia, pot Prawn 89. Meviemaban% charter grant Meeic motion can ao fave te revene ect Ferme ay cally scent dowabents more funy eder to eatsh each new tempo atts Combing sme ofthe revi echnical merc cent ih mcd ‘btn lp to awa the accents “rape B10 shons eo agal cete colences In Example 86a he come poe ar oe fran ery creat sla, Example 8108 presets nara tHataetcs mete notton. Campos shld ett to neato, ate es Alltec mths ad many mare, have bee ed by campos to mais be line without resin thn er. Ens £10, Song owen abe mate et eden wh me sian In propetonal notatn ne eg Horsontl pe, with notes ced appro fey nel othe pen Sine are (Perch 1960) Example 81 shows 3 unger pan in proportional notation, Here the pots scund songs the ines flows them ih ration proprio othe shown tne ies. lug i ‘etn at halt ate pel, ronal notation does pve le ily and met bes ied accent and oc, hove wish, While pres mh ce ach cans at ort onthe msc ong het strong ee "el crouse orton el ds ol sug ach nepeatin Secon _ SS == ee 7 [buuiyes 1, ne fe pan ws pojaronal woman SRNYTHM ANO WETER 98 ‘mons stints thot in xp seldom civ pt pefrmances pe cme compos el tha ine resin is ot with poptional moaon Th lige enables, howetespopntonl nation gical toes perfrmance vara fen inthe cieumanees, portant rode esa Seed by ats above o elo thems, wach ae comet by vera Jt el ins o nina entrince and ent acer f these marine ae spp rtd ar eats wever best npn arent et) ay oc Intent Jp luge tne anes proportional nation lade thnk termina, fected in chop 4 Vasiations and Overviews Oceana sme pars compton sll net te meta, whe others even thos tht ccurtalsncouty pet vote hyn fee (Let 1962) Example TBI show two approach to ths veming contacto, 1a each, the wpe ine eoves stronger: ple that hls oat ts aro partes nthe ist ‘acer, bowen the accompaniment sets mete uependence be of, slance ef teats, sl rer ubisoft beat The econ excereshowe Apr of moter withn hows da ete ee Atm impmston-—a eof ‘opornaly win ec that agin asrodues an clement of ates Sa , v96 cuapTeR E1oHT [ath proportional and metre! nation can be used whenever the ns aes (Comb 11), Comporets ma scbeve dno any et dese, rm the se eat doninated eno the fese-ing thm ine sarge 8.13 makes of tech tens of notation rhe reset benef The atation eee ono nd cates proportional ects. Ths eprom” approach dots not tle ou any Puteri or thc goulnga compote might wh we ‘Bets 813 Combination ofa nd pio a Many method af avoiding or nes spy crete ne yh probens Wh “ierigena”tecgies the compose can ela shythnie pobies with et fedom without ring ato otto. May ofthe concepts i th caper can ever iieu co lnpenent five IInd eso does ot noesary ng scease gui andthe ene et sont a fst yl vo: Nee unorganised ras an be 2 Chung new end wong ines a ch losis Sete a outrated thins mst be ound together to reste ms end an oe ‘tym ces awe Ssh compotion reve of wok fe a meri ont few ‘Noe the urton msl ening the ow ans tometer the wi fhm ofthe wea an he return et te thle orm onl Exe B14 in contssbepneih dee counterpoint of eat and ied hh th nodules tos toe met ana ate, pat of albefre etung the Freer hth exe the binge aneher approach ake in Esl 115, where the abu chore the wpe eter Irae a orang imp ed secon the ower ester ‘Rhythmic ati can si form thik ttre, mach Uke swarming ches clues hig 965) These denites canbe nll rerenting pasate ith nals number fnsruments: The ital uch cose in Eagle 3.61 flowed [yan teu, bce tyimic cae hat dana ceases the mse> RHYTHM AND METER ” Twins 15 genom wh ber erin BrowteSt6. Sica msi hse ng ua evs witout nrg the amber of tamer (Thi mab txune Is ecred a length incogter 9) “Though any powsle combination of fee and metal it sy ca esol gt na en conte he acl combine er th itchy Iesanice srtculenn, an eanbre form a work’ dieecsion, organization, ancl dramaos cnarter EIGHT In genera tin ca be meric o epoca module om one to the ches canbe contd or combined Each ef thee approaches his ace us, buon in alnce with ther pc of sampoation Composing Suggestions + Create a wo or pane in modente tengo mete in whi hele freedom achive by never skings none othe eat nd by ne es nd om bet ee Tana he woh ints opera mation + Compose a Wee work sls ana pao in which he ew low ea ‘raring nce taped res Rew th erg sn far lines and aempeo shee the sme tele Cpe the os Pe ferme veri * Compose oak oll avai struments sig proportional perstion th eee atc, Make the scve sea pre ral erfomem Dont we tn tack or acter means or guaraneeng re ect Compote a sheet werk for al ewenble of aval narments wing Snemprna moce, Aralye Example 817 forts ws of ththn a then compoce a ona ‘Raphael eng ha we heme techie buaieent tes andes [Ever S17 Psigekranss + testis ry ay oe den en antennae as an comb ses fee nl march). Mute betwee pans soul dng the course othe peo ha each woek els ‘hte ors Reining cet ante + Create a cmgostecthm overview of compoitn of soe duton “rok fr cro aval struments snd pane lls hs ‘vere a sl spose CHAPTER 9 TEXTURE AND MODULATIONS UNDERSTANDING THE ROLES the texure and males pay ‘ages ele composes control an wry her mul oti, Seg fd melding textures oe cme llows composes fo cate deection hit fusie Madulaing puumecen the han ph cess the eacuces We ek Poss to create eansrins on any heal eves Taure “Tenure es fm a combinwsion of ph, inks and dean and i generly mesure interns of deni Tet on hea tin atone por ar ik 9 pe ease of pices, Peis tothe ewettets centg teas wee cone th “asf om one ci racy mote) simalaco en pices moving ns fa repr snp wth gene i tnbee Conary epee as expe hse concrete ge obs of eres om ingle Hows to thick ders of ound (Geiser 197; Chase 1948) Bere ering on the ater fr ena tha the farmer hs aed Bes Sacanel), is npn evel some sre fr aa | Becrse dey the bse meas of etre, aes ese Co cond that the lst sunt of nts with dlr tne ccc at poste ep ‘eset the ticle etre. With this theexteme and sng ea sop se, once text progression ene: ust an composing works fren jor Us cr cay quater notes makes ie sen, seers thew nena am re worsen ne ture Fg shows aston workin gran ete ‘Bmeasred in eras ofthe number ore lies kes) a the nth and eputon of teracal Hiner (cho). Ths gogh demonstrate » aagraed ection aprsuch, begining with vt thin texte an evlping nt hick fd expansive eres The tent ee 1 orgs hough et nec the cgeing not, drain re. show an pte pono text Lange ks of ound ate etal jantped apt one anther with no eta lee fing the ‘verng extinct Nk deen, ch ed ey a1 CHAPTER wine Euseu.82. Mspphom, SRR R AS Fri SS [Exauris9.3. Micropoyphony achieved by thythaic means. TEXTURE AND MODULATIONS 103 {sconsoctet fom ovelapne drove ota tac ero polythaall. ‘Although the nunber of cs fea costne andthe ae pattems So mse [lage the extend hn athe cen slow merge ere porenng other meth een dence we ned devel ep ate techniques composing ad aang mcepehpony. Sch echt rs be eee portant Because ont orem with mlrapcypny eas be > Tbs. Avwithcluces, te one line of mixepetphon ar more fen than the it npn ines ec ane tte crate othe erp “The es of misplaced cher harmonic castences The sen ninteaonal agearance of ar fl ecm ou fs texte of thei costn arcuate Ssoanet, poe ae upeing and dew enon ay Som the cred men fhe mecoptshony.Simlarmecses vd inal hermetic aan, fe abo ad constency wo meron ell when the mses te elie Iya acho thee etnies presupenes he die or eons mip ton Inconatene rnc canbe ceed by reer one soe al othe ew pee ne Improvition cr abo achieve ara dene rextres Example 4 shows it ‘ofa erste stoner in which rtabliy woud sagas 9 very tek etre Doing “tenting you can do wih the des test al mat arse eh ives pone” wil npc proce an cay perf ten pestle co ley tat obese, expecta i wee writen out wadonly might be alos. tlaabe106 cWapTER WINE Example 97 cows the revere psy of Fare 94 he eeing er 99 ‘xine compes pin proding everchanging compose stm. This oc forts dst new dis andes micopotphony. [a both Fee 9 Sd Etamjle92 the etre om thik hous, with athe echnigues i feng, With the alton of cchetonnaaees nd modulations, the mame of owl aie of ck dents nts sigan = FFP BoAeIE 8, Than mis ners bi ‘cs ca abo conte o rex. ample 98 shows how micopolpiny ‘an modulate smoothly i mprovsacons wing glsandn. Thechangesgsando rection scree i tempo athe ure prone he inpovsational sto Such ndltion cn aural comrade what peta ont sal. “A moving cen of pach cans eae detonated pas soc By chang fst moving notes the Bt cn) or by aut che on {he secon ns) aud» cet tne, thee ca he dete vend ot ‘a em pos of ars Fsample 99 shows asl excerpt containing topo ‘itm ner The mean puch fexc ine mover pad —thai the ch ara the owe slov me span a fl peo aa cir Dy on: tnbute othe ane econ. TEXTURE AND MODULATIONS. 107 et 99. Dict exe ened iy pont, ane 910 shows tie sample music rom ewe 9. ote dtl These rs modulate net anor. Sach maluton can bine vale com tonal pes fortune, mela armen Note thatthe fi sre [pens ton nla l in wih the ruance of every nove contrbure Co the fer sens of trvard momentum. As the dest press othe next wo se eames the il te bce anes mportns une he pst fara nthe hid ample they la mst thle stan - ; ur. Tange mappa a nal enc xu 9. 10 Pest Rae. so deel hese pin oa,108 CHAPTER NIVE uae. Gan Spatial Modulation Malan can dfn smth ton fone ae tate noma Tanegrs icin sso he enone ky cee vant sl tpi we of hor oman th yn be vent entry oat Tac ecn endl nc ew veal of pone es ‘Was mri xine teste lipbeoce emer an aden ot sng mle pout proms have ped thrughou ach Mass sent the teendleth ceorury has sparal medlaton, ote agpect of modern pre TEXTURE AND MODULATIONS 109 ‘cccupacon wth ati, eve it a deine parameter of compen (at 196,196, 1976 Leer 197), Cotengoay compos ay chore sec the aragenent of fame node fo cant the det of ound ean and porapton. Technet ocamplsh hla ect peas to estate ‘Bacco seated dveughout the alec, or eng he ace pie 913 shows dee tuys tpe A, a omen anda ge srangeiens ‘ype Bin which che ores ae ated houghow the hall and ype C8 Tnhich the peromer sanound the ules, Ech hese ep proses ar ‘esr eet depend on the nae ud and whether he perme at ‘econaryor anlar A 8. «. ‘oun. The alps fr ee qarlsnaon ue 96 an Expl. demorsate pt madlaion nape A station nvebing sc il Violin I apd wn 6a ppt ens of the sage hae the sere ph snared an cvedappd 0 that we one ne with dmc, the ther rao sf apd cescenos The seu wil send to movestnly mone sa te stage tothe other and depending on he oe materi satel mod ‘latin wil cesar Mere leer moat espace Inthe ype B aang en) FeLse96, Seger faerery CHAPTER NINE Exum Spa maida nage A stp ment shown Fg 9.7 ad Example 9.12, scored ese rumgets A pitch (D) ‘rites fom the sag an slowly malts top the al each pero ‘tng sly anche bei Thien conlas wih the sane supe ith ‘ich hen, th coming il cele 9 on ean. Sage sup Eamge2 E912. Sy ota aa Bs owe 98 and Faampl 9.13 dlsate a type C arangement, in which sound bes from nero ingen counercloce min stun an audience, A fanirg eter ali be achived by acaerting ad ang the mtn Faure 99 and Example 9.14 demonstrates pe B pail tap thar employs qu lsand, Some fis nan connec and cena, wile thee oelap, ‘ring vari of mvs echoes, a erp Tee es pled in co on #0 0 rant. Sagem Bane1 CHAPTER Ni TEXTURE AND MODULATIONS 2 om 99, Seu fr Bate 9 ra ra BciE816 Aneel madning Timbre Modulation ‘inbe modaion wes slowly chang the eso «und, val by ove lapping instruments (Debuny 1594; Lip 1962, 1967, Shas, 195) Example 9.1Sshows aero tte dlieree te mln ne Bis afte and vin eachange pitches very wl (i actual rete ween matching ira, with cae dims a he oer serene in Tous Ste it int whee the inks re Samia anced,» ne inset ond may ect not a ntin ad as Mae burs “ui ovate" Orher oman cha "ole (ump and oboe), vor” lad re, user(s ad Imunen, cn prove eetve when wing the nghe reper al dynamice ‘Marching cts nora thu colin such aes te an ve) seer ly "The second acepe io Examgle 915 gute diferent. The alin ete “seus from rng-of: In.an example of maslng the muted crash cymbals compleely oo Ext A. Sh misnnaepe Coen Sone ee nay mami a te frome ea csr eect reomehigtant Anauciraga's rice Ee nein nesetetneeen tence se idineaaetetenaas neonate, reeigece Reg apeae ant roca ‘ine ey lle oc mle Sus CMAPTER NINE og 948, Theses ine malt overshadow the siulaneouy src ptno chard Once the cymbals hive Ben ‘pened however pana en: Ecuph,ceting a nigue combined sound ‘The hil pe of mre modulation ss Esamle 915 shows cumpet wih 3 aon mre begin ith the png in and perme andl verte el ‘As the umetes ha ull aay the ine ones aig sound. With ‘he embonshare chang ested the cal lon a be sly emer, konsting inkre madlaton wig only ene irene ‘ample 9.16 fee with agua of cessing vowel ound 9 maa oue fs has dum sake. Al tre ofthe pevly mented rinkre modulo {gear i thr xan pia by vowel exchange (nesues 2-4) and ts dr hing at the tet. Exuets9.i6, ‘Theve age of re moddarion na continous cet Rhythmic and Other Modulation idm she smooch change rm one ythni Hea wo anoer Ca 1948, 1959) Fresnel, both ofthe ensuing exaes eosin though ths oe norte te ease However other eps of thane madeline pera ete an extenda pero of tne to ena yh node to crest recog ‘sable rndulason. Three many meses on an hance a gue dea of ‘Secon avalic ina bok of this soe. "Earle 9.1, or pao, shows one rhythmic a rept eer nes By he {ih spec the eghhend rythm has bere sey paced rl in a= ‘ent epetitos becomes serena 0. AS the ey mls, variation toon vrai, elated bt te rent hi ect In Example 918 an ese of te suena ye moses, One seme ns, eves change sgh and genera snr movement inthe ‘ter By the nd ofthe xe. the compo syn ba ew breath and dion ‘Artin mada ocr whe arcuate daly change fom one © puter vera prado ine. Arial modulo can oer ine etument Ged can be cleave fic ocr sly Esaple .19 done ty ng Be nly thr esis wth hash ongued ots and nisin aye le remote em songs ‘Th reultion austin srs vownes by eabing bth pes oa bins and by aii wien change. Moreoves the modulation m0 5 Ahora a bus wp-bystepexagrnion mghe make bu ater iden by cone tacneping Se as a ve Panis 27. Ryin lien,6 CHAPTER NINE TEXTURE AND MODULATIONS a re eS semen anae919, Anltin a manic mai (ie oe he bri cescnd and imine of a na mais) ul osu in combat thal eke deltons (| Bees 1970), De modulatons stein and overlying crescendo with Alminucedoe cin ad ive o any of he receding xample of th char "These five modulation rz. pal, tnbral rythm, arslaive, and yraic) ml hie a he poses, say porameer can be 0 modulated Jat these sy omever, ca orm a menor forthe concept of combiatve ‘olan, igre 9:10 shows concert hall wth instruments keated mont ‘onal The shoe ses exes Examgle 9.20 erploysspatal modulation, {mle modulation se antultion modlaroa a combination, The msi hens the ea th hal withthe gto ees of sabe muted eanpet The lst. toto slo lates ply (eo the centr ofthe hall) and in eras oh Time (to he oc). Th he” owes spare a “oon” then tba tovn with sulle sition fom the doraton ofeach sound un the pel mo ono omen om ow OT pawn, Se tank Be. Spotl inte anise mano ere somone note hanced a drum wih ele rng asking) doncis the exer Cimbinatinemltions cree tte mdtis—tay irene ning so ‘ol sutricang othe une moulons Fg 911 al Example 9.2 is ‘exe sexe rndulation ve woes that suru the aude The tex Soy ols am age vice a the center of the sage vo a elie ese ‘Ne forming hick dense of hhc and patil mofo gue 9.12 nd Example 22 demote ava ikrac toe exces, wh ‘ery sor sco mots eateed among the taumenssrouing and ave she cece ge pert ch ner he hat dh he ‘mo ound cillet ta crtain pts the hall an then salen expo ne dctons oto retin o oupin diferent oer Asche nd buat ‘a of parla neato hy bce mee {on he aly, crac th oudence na tce-dimensoalus oF oa 20 *9 Fx 9.11, Seup ar Bam 92 e Bani 92 Tea malas eRe91, Sef sgl 9.2 TEXTURE AND MODULATIONS: 19 Beuns922. Conkowive mb Face 9.13 anf Exige 9.23 we se eta bt ad psf oes a oat ‘esr wal loatne The clr pal modulation an vel common ‘malas onde cnt bce th oes Yea than hs er Nop the waterial 2 they slowly sc in pach,19 ‘whi the oof malik an cre ie eam npc ve ectngouteoce elas sone eld eced eee cee mnputon: hens asthe le wc of sal Sten. Terie laos nee “Tow te nd cya thy aro males nd eae nd a0 one mse et yO amt mog, &O ow a8 Frans 918. Seup ee Beimgle 9. Composing Suggestions ‘Using se may eae instrument pile (lung piano so ce), ale pre 9.) tem of rcrpihony wih ewe ‘code Loe Anal: Example 96 in ers of ado sdenste,an pech- far ever eyo eae Continue he example soy suc ‘S panble, maar mcropotponc exe Compose a wot ea esr fa many perme swale i ‘uray an sue Spataly mate coc ah eae ston een 9 Use sascte ste aed che sr dunn 9 reat malas hin ape Bperomance scp The we shold conan anions wl st ‘noua stl ec Use many vai erent ple Compote a wok wing tee struments mar tinh: lvcve eae ‘molten a comnts nding oun ame pc) Create san a sn fo ol) strane deen se. Create a wok fr at est ve salle struments hat ne ican ‘woah, Stit eo, ao to acest, ae eu ga lee ‘Reem make esc sth a anne Sa maCHAPTER 10 MICROTONES EQUAL TEMPERAMENT, thesuning pill wed fr contenporayi ‘une iramens, imposes itary iis on the umber of pores avalible per ‘ave (12 anon toes the move naturally ten ca as resented yt rete es ut comps have amped to conta ut deta of eet usa elemens 1 ar hey terested nthe fe sling of ich a ere Sate nthe eof mocrtne. Moines rent fom normal nena ai ‘sons uring stems that elo ined umber verte srs ment, the faving or lerngot stand equa tenet pitches, cr the we fel tempted ‘tes cplyng neo es than evel ins ofthe etre Basic Princinles “The overtone ses Example 10.1), 9 esence cui 9 wel ata Source fo Asiring Ramune rots can bp in andentandg micotnes Partch 1973) Been the feueny (eles per song) of each para inh sees ems single “lena tio with he eguencies ofa cheater rts we ean determine the ph fam prea cnce we know the ph of any de note the sees For ‘romp ifthe fgueney ofthe vet Cin Ete 10. 0D eee persed, then the foqncy of he C ako ei adament 20 cycles pr sear ok 2110), The Ga th stove thi seond paras then 3720 00 eee pes od of 300 The process wos even whe the deste pitch lb tlow the one oun, except the rata aver 1 elec the eltonshp Fo example, the pasa 908 then the ses ecnes 23 of 30, 20 0 0 a ths whole mst fue hae when sede ogee they dodgy he ough beneg har aude oth inou-fune plying ngs ous 101, Te gence aren dough ante pail, The a fer pin Fete mb fsa monn eee hm egal microrones ey st ener ders, the nteninal impure ieee feu emperiment, Ged bere thir cha. Tre desgate the fequency of fname pch as then the formas fo the ocve ith ohn sce Om, and Pn expect ra ae then led by ulin the especie Facts For eval, the welt (eral Breen the fi nei pail) clea 3722/1 (the rt the Aimee to herve, Her, de ee 2 10D or 30. We fhe anon in this eaves moreso pedced bythe pevosy Sob method this newer math exes us to cae athe compe eral: Fe example, the fuera the major seventh could be set 5 comratin ofthe 32 ratio fa Bis ad 5 aio the mace hid. Molgling those cones 58, ec the at rove byte eight arta he Cw octaves above the fare perl al the item pata the Bs major seveth sve tha). "Thur set of ta fora C mae scale canbe created 3 c Dp —E F GA BC T 98 54 45 32 58 158 2 “Tis of rt can be atl 0 he numbers reprenning easeney by Tegoning on 24, te common denna Each of thee quences euls om thera tne eg 9828 = 27). c bp E F G A BC MoM 3% R 3% HM 4 48 98 109 1615 98 109 98 16/5 te below he guns here repent the eras cree pent cle = These as rece pte Was on the ist on) fourth amin Tan ifs (mina cle Sees ice 243036, 32/4018, and 345/54 have neo 458, “A number of analsex in dhs aptach however. asl of de perfec, rhe nt example cane raced 72 exept cne:D-A (10), Compared father ithe se ih heart hi ree ne Alen th ae ee ree rics rte mar scons 98 (C-D, FG, and A-B) and 109 (OE an IGA) The minut diftrenceherween thee forms ofthe major second ale the soc cm Withso ew noten, maton oes ther tan C major ul the ital ros canoe ef aloe with the change tonal ete For ane, G major wld have the ras oft it the nts (AB) reversed fom thee oC tar —100 bre 98 ead fhe epee ‘Modulton becomes posite ony by nee the nlecson of pches con fave the expe sup an alee A that sande in the con 918 Sonship ath But ths slot ree the new problem of hing the ale Sin of batches 2am tho uy siesta ar in heey Ine. Mos nie sts ba o hole-pumber -s-cll ot fn spceme—tech 2 comprombe sewer betwee the tele otro ane cuacres TEN temperament an ifn, Tis ems any ate feral sed on the ‘dre cement ner octave ith, andi eho many ws the seventh il ad eel the igh ec of the veneers. Equal Temperament qu erptament aie the anomie of jst itcnaton by viding te octane inv cued spo trl apr This pce tng iterate tonal spur spyonimors of sinned eral Forman musics, the Uitencesteosen jt natin and equal temperament ae nee. er meven id th ferences import and fda ‘aeling equ empeted nce Sows the mala ® = 2, where ql ‘beimerslof amino son inoter word, eee moe econds etal ance (Gi) Th equnton nore pepe shown set =, or 05946. ining the leer of itorseon ove © 24, then wai king 24% 108946, (hash = 2540701 The Dabo thie 2105946 105946, o 693931796, “Aner way of messing dances Reweeneql-eperd half tes mcs sunt of weasurenene called he cen Aone 10D of al step Each hal st) ‘hercoeepns09 cents athe cctv enemas 1200 cents Cnt ae 21 {alway of compare tuning se a heir acon era. Re exe, the ‘qurtpeted maj thd GO cent) 1 sneer han thease major hi {Sor 386 cem), The spl tempered Gh, however at 0D cent so Pes flaw thn he st pers th 70) Te 101 compares she asi inter al empermee a js into by onveing teal tn ens Swing the mula c= 200g 2a Bat ine re Us) wielesep 2006) 20488) norte 20 0)——_=H6(68) fred DE} 865) perce 20000) B84) Demnh 20) 59080 peak MOG) BOD) ficesith OEE) 4) torah mG) SHG Innorseenth 200°) 96 (69) fmioeceenh 206° 88S) cine) DEN aaicrorones ns Intonation and Tuning Systems “uo majoe concen ermine daca ju intonation and eq um puerta eng ne” haan each acd nee defo, ad at the mumter ce har paula sgnience The flowing preg dst lech ofthoe macersin tum Aiton ger) do 9 cosa andr awn of ene. ly any one ten edo grate od certain oer uch ate oni These Tein tone whether the eveth dere ofthe sae thd f secondary ea pans outer notes of agenda chords ehh twa the eve), tennperornonce tole sharper ce faterthan ther comsponding paces nec {prperment. Tink inensenbles where inonaon exile ed to ben ter on rer han egal tnperament. Charge ntsc conte ea ny hana in phy ach beg correct depending om cone “Acoote alo layagdane ln the peep font, wth hee fall cecng acne erences in perirtance, Ever an elect ted oso & not absltly egal i tonpeoment bythe tine 3 has rerun ad fevrirton have teen cored ino the equation. Moree he chs ad porch sgt ofthe leer conte farther raion "The tele dives of te ete seem paras aticaAt tie dothe fence sees beak raul i compa veil von the cave In fet our vadonal uch momenelrcf ven ter mes wich predates there kyon intraents hs ite do wih se ttre Hence many arse that the choice of reve dvone eke rom curl woo ol oc fepcilly fom the kotor! amangemen af ven wate ard ve Hack kee Bec performers of iuments eagle of varing inom ey cm bine jut acl equal enpeel syems giv; mirecons fn al ace ae the ner arti the excpon, Microtones Mary krona tuning sens hve bo roped (Cao 198), ih dene of the cxave ranging foe 1410144. Haweres many bles cnt tore wing flcoronal stems cain how of rtaon and ferry conver Seem The roan ¥en hea la og rane ‘ens uny perme to ate ound pitches ots eae egal epee ‘epvakns.The bis ofthe eat to apgmeite emer iene sh ao ecvand sice rn spores topic vary wey inpcsblto set anche: he mt othe rumker owed stb he cee Tate ing segs ray fp corps exlomny the renal spf eal ae "als of waning numbers of phe ante exter toil moat ney sequring he retention cu ene ating weary Exige 102 hugh 936 HAPTER TEN how four posi that get any ea fr exploration, Expl 10.2 presets geaertine (or nfs) excerpt sg atonal actin with are ‘sen fe chapter 13). Fal eal peered on he inthis pases wl co ‘ar accusormedtcqulenpetanent sent ou of ne Cerin proancsf ths and ore unre toe ms cn, bomever bem elerne Hol expe “rcs ofea Become ute love clags of rch erent bets Trample 103 fortwo pance aned night ene par, ues ote son per etn, hough aly wen ur pobies percerave are lay o the fro panos eran notes (ae sh) explain the ening dierences beeen the wo pines. The motto lf oe nt nde oe even sage the 8 u- tng Borwrghe 1965; Cl 1962 fe 1928) Ta Example 104 for cmbone strate psn sven noes make ‘ota ncn tke por, Sch br aeration cs wth emote fingering nthe save of oer ind ttamente rode aver fe fanatical ferences ls Earp 105, comple age cll he mam {per above and low any of he nee epee tht tow deviation In ene, fom el emperamet uber above ates cate ang y ta mots, ~ Ge Getattl= xsi 102, Qureroneeer with aked eer sein 03, cen eo pine ned eh nea MicnoTones m7 52 rw $27 jenn 0 Beau 104, aca or emake showing septic ee ? ———=s —f £4 105. Shet ae cell nih al eso pe ren dc oft ala 0 cen hes telow indicate beeing Demanding of former ich ble dis ch, though tsi cmap, are rey posse reece The wo Bs hs exert fer by rw cen which ie perry conc to be the smallest ihe dirence eran wo phos one et fa al ep heel, by Tuc, wte oer ths pape erty se detenenpch wu pak note oppredted bythe ate Compan ien rove free wth sls, grin and de ie for pe wot tha we mired ang stems Example 108 shows & sen ‘Shalempered sce witha clef ering ha the ote tes eC an otane ‘Tsou practice wth ces ad sl separation ofthe cet, perme fay accor ela the excep to the nah in hi example. The ppc er be mate esl than the prev desc ene nto. Utstrumes wth st tunings (4 plano, ap) and new stamens ofr exten bis for micron composer: Retning ich rum 1 mien cls climints the poten of scl micron ton ad ere ef thie new to del wth exces the ren ond Many compos chose out sine allo fen mrt srk compe fr nue vretle oy wnplaned for many yeas: However compet at sil dea th eof the inten pereecn ofthe tere elt ‘Mont inp ate no lng cote to compre witht a Kast contig cna tuning poesia (atch 1973). Een adel trate common le muse eas ire when composes ubdestaod sperma dea with rut 104, Ney iene ep ih28 cHAxPTER TEN {in terms of icomton, Micotone pre scan new ctl that cn be ‘edo ieetsting new muscles Crmb 1979, eho 1968) Ones ire ‘dha tse at est inp en si, hiro, penal, and ae thet concep ely an sulin quetinac aural perception ad th perme’ ‘val mito remain a ost devel new tuning vocabularies Composing Suggestions + Rerune wo trues ner tone apart Using anda notation ‘Sich compos hot wok begining th ie teal uch the (Gres tner are conceal and move owl 03 puso ae foci aterm * Loner te sung fan arable sing tment a microeonaldstanceof touche, Keup the elsmaip between pen st unehanie ‘Gimgne awk amet adel fed pon ing a ‘icopa pe ete nanan phan te song mere tonal keener esha + Compo asnlaticlie ay ave nrapent. Use tional ot ‘Sn br canal the guar neon Example 102, The quarter ‘Sessa be wl ly where they scm apropat othe ed {ng of heme ne + Cope ts rane ith ne eamig Sn restceugetons er amen Proves bet eramle sing evr connal cle, Capece 9 rk for an ube ferme ‘hace + Cope wor or eee avalable instrument ung cents naation a Shown in Example 105. Use reasic and pevformable choices for + Accompany the vin ln of xan 107m eprint apse ‘US sn echngue Seemed ins bock Anal the Ysa bok ‘local a hamonialy. CHAPTER LL PERCUSSION AND THE PREPARED PIANO JUCH TO THE DELIGHT of most percussionist and the tation f those me os the cc rca ane every spe ards of Wes ad "western trent a ound dfn 4 tes, ae AM 924, Swi Bre 1910, Reed and Leach 163; SckPausen 1959}, The le lesions demonstrate the variety pce on eves the smal prc ie, rt Types Menino: stecha sin intruments inching te ene dru fa Spc a gan sare eu inal, oui bs drum, on, pari Aco china struments, cag se wise se, wd ‘echine and del dna hon ene dy etramen kag emba mangle, sg, ta, and ago Chom: vain sigs stunts, cans wide ayo ‘dona samen suh as ano, Raich an baa erp electrical rodocin or anslicaton nr ment nelaing ‘There Tatoamy sd ther isan einen ad ent eso pecs be ns asc sina yung ey mrs hr sot engl fp wa eco fic ven Amc asda oh sw ho Ie rand nnn en ype epee N nyo ah os french af pn cca ar sae hc ne et mak many bern eect Forex gh evince wat cher cl oly en ty meet de ‘olor andsoonr sda henner nl ean ces sie a10 CMAPTER ELEVEN ‘Notations and Beets “The type of eatru shoul be ctf notated wel placement onthe _Shosen trent Fag demonstrates thc ee prone pstins ‘or gme The fntshows eran beter taping the caer ofthe go Inthe sc ‘Sa bs dram lt ser the aay pout Bete che iv an the eer “ike mg The il sos sare nick ewig ea en Each ofthe ea sce deen rd, ov ot ol ote mae sed but a0 place tne Narn the ge of motion a pode thr drencs even with heme fl he sane fla In gue 112 angle rae ras ats the cow (dome) othe eng eeting arty of diferent unc Ine, the gong can be ol wth encore of any Kin he ys romance ach a quick Sovttn seen stoi wl raface ary of very inate ypc vibrato ‘Damping or muting can pe interesting econ may stamens. Foe cxample losing lded lth on sanguine skin he head ce ‘Nevwimfed or muted stand qe deer rm the sane ot stuck without the lath Clssndo ona pedal tinpani combine wth ebm geese on the du hen we paying ca lo pode tive els, Fue 113 shows large ended cal place jas above the bead of nant Striking the cyl while [IATA Foams 111 Goethe den permoce Fane 1.2. Mona eel beer on gong ice ane 13. Sagem cyte dan fic PERCUSSION AND THE PREPARED PLAKO be dling he engi iano net pouto-lstronie und tha rls Fremeymbal resonnce (mpi bation thin tbe bod fhe age st Tneoducing onperinin ihn an itrmets eo he prc ct dota ntl cud Bowed mba, born own a tamam es i ones, ads of al prodace wel complex tnt Composer cat ao me {her ov urigue cotton, Clr nd compte ntaoneeuted ome tora contalled wd predialeel e chap 13). “The almost les wre) of nba posites cn dae some compos wig fr pecuon erament A ew campoint shold = ther efetve ex Coors shoul ot lw ihe o dominate sber mgt conontoal preter: Pecmiom wing evn when cena can dit enn the mor expenened lent with now und Like tnt, harass, dso, bre mute orate Rave dace, and orb ara pret wth the oer mes anne ‘Organisation, Direction, and Drama ‘One nyo crane mus or person ntrumens nels ng lyon mo Inerumene tal ad the llorng thers 0 enteral when recs ft Ths speach avs the imate and excsive ut of ew bes, ich teri ensue ile bu nba alan the read fhe eke in rp groups where escusion inserts epee ey sal pat oe hel, the rle—sccompanyig glghting oF engage with eter se Gero shold he cley efned bos begining to compe (Chase 199). ecusaon oration mow five when ll he oles cura erent ies ‘Ac inal rns of compotion, t0 much what ou dos when you do ‘Recasioa wig tos Ro when har dewton, which eles owt oa Aevelpment of tie reourees Det at be achive n= narber of wo ‘Addie etre, fo example, ptoduce fee developments Example ILL shows thot pamper ur perenss where the lt of stents ord he Accson, Dynami cece or Sms ure eae the ee of etn — eee COC ao Hoey oo repartee ve a —im. CHAPTER ELEVEN cia may ecu rumen can ened: melodia ate rechnijus dence in chaper 3 and 4 ae apleae. The lade ne "= Fone in Exmpe 11. ane Glowing the proces dvd chop 3. “The sume example al shows srt harmon progres fhe wbeapone with Anais dein chap Fach af hese excerpts demas how ert ‘in atumens can sadn how ae dine om ecopanyng ls. Dramatic wes of person can range fre obvious thie quotes oii punctuation nothevie of exer Sues oarmenss eg, eaphone) er Temeteeathd pens (en, chun) ovine mabet stroked gongs as) tepven ore rapes lesen ako be eet, asshown maple 113. “Th ontumera peti opening moive fdr ght, he, oF ne 112, Melee ke mopone and temephne cane rpbine th 7 oon EEN aR oS aoe four eats—cetng mast continous vations Such tchiques, though simple, cin peice dramatic rau, Strctrng the etre and Spams ca re dd {ore dma ine manne, “Tina a mouse ftrly ae so npr sources for cetng dma pecosson wig Example It shows avery dante ten acon of mse. The frvoce opens maha pong and the sit eof iphone with te stan pe ow. nae drm in shoe teugs hs ceve Unions wou eB Ble co mach the dear hee athe work rarer. second hearing wold abo prac em sing role: Dramatic ure of dramic and ene wth persion cams st be handed eaelly and shold ke goveaed—as dcy—by als fps faa, eatin, and oaisation See oul + En Baume LA. Dranc weet scien Prepared Piano ‘he pan and the hap offer many posi fr nel vrintion (Cone 1925; Saeed 1921). The proses od er resting thee ration len ree hore ‘ed wth percasion nrament ned composer ae se the pao dys sn percusion instrument, suing ts od, sans, ot tl ersbrs with varus males kl, hands,a wea soln the ange th en, ingens ‘ie tees, al ther englements Gon 1967) Parmer ca ao podice hrc vse rented on ober tng iste ‘mens by ouch hamoni nde on thst he plying acted mote 00 the keto Packing rings ith Engen pate wth he dager pel don cents wef fr fen made cso peor by making te ames on ‘ape ad attaching the tape othe gpropeite damper Damping ot ming— tWuching the aren oth sing Between the ta the damper ako potest stsctve ies. Fingal expo oe ot moto he loner ud ee tes shi sounds (Conel 1925). Pl clsters are apeciy eer athe oe Sings: Wal he stan pedal Sou shh erat one unde. Sein ‘rplnng an iron the pan wh che de esl dw rene de ry layne latinsat carter eveven Oneof the mos inceresing ssf the pao ta menteh-centry msi howe: isthe pepe plan (Bunge 981; Cage 194,185, 1981). Veal pr Slo ec i oe then ejay ligne inrument vation ha mon Titles ous. Using pence mck terweon ngs bck ik ft aces, ‘gs wile ferferang on helen apd son can teste fceting bleu ‘founds Meal cols angled under the mile the thee areas each note upper eter ble and cous lca verte betwee ig sn? nad free deri Thick wets lac etwcen ing abe an te ‘nine inthe songs lr eon of Ke wound ot ed ee Se, ‘ete sl ue ew tines nd en a uring al “heuer of aval mates epted laos sas yy he imag lwation ofthe peter orb tefl dage ete inet (Bunge 158) Seprting sei fly owe jets sch cas ving the dae els ‘touched, and carly incre wd removing a sch rem, p ile da sc theinstunent ten, prope epare ano aves ven the uringitct— the pan no mono ene tant sole eran odin ean epustn sold be ered Bemeen stngs ing ter covered with rsking or dc tape This woes tht sings en be separated xy ad hatte Intl ofthe cease wll not toch the ings damage then, Perms ‘fou al early clean thee ha pe wo tog ests to ved eas Feige othe segs and tee making them sep corn ng des and exact placement fr prepara lo inp. eso ter eg, bl) placed ata nade wuly produce ote exnanc. ith gate ‘ogo tha nid pins. Fel placed betwen sting a ana pectin wil heise daccrae tenance, naga and deere pcheeTerorng ths ‘ec nich nou dager pedal oes ncensthe tink poten, ‘Sting objet ey laces egaratin wh anther objec poe far tinal previ oe example seking an upeghe peel inured ftw he ting ‘th anoter per ape al dw) can testes nie sr. “The st of polis swith teas of pecan instrument can beeen sive The repo pao mre than an tren oa group of tunes A ‘els dma penal can be sfican, rhe vl ogo theft ‘es not commespud withthe ean sou The compotion a ae aso ‘merous Orkaton, deci, and drama, imprint front he compo ‘Sona ocean Be tamil he mbal erations. As dla ar he sods ‘may etal hey do noe mance geod cinposton. nample 18 gts deer x pera hat vee oly thee ates a9 shor psge ta makes we fhe ates The rata te me oma sa Adobe he unpepared and the pepe oes (Cape 196) ong ston hat ‘ics ony he pn unger oer recede the pangs the dea the br ‘hanged the ees dha prorat fhe ei erent wold nex pode “The peered pans ean bea power este fr compost leet oly Frome 1 se perk with an erchears tthe Sgt bc ais encour ecto ‘ice etal inrnnee Tie ope Joe 9 uty ued umber of ud veto abe ent chapter doi Binet 115. Pepanton gua cep fr aril pn en. Composing Suggestions + Compote short wok for thee are menraniphone, Have the sock wy aie a deme Aine coterpint Expos the oe ft ie fe eet male on each ase + Cheats fait ng wook fr solo tngan without wing the pela 10 thange plc Mainline hy sung aires ma a) * Create a wrkforsl voce sn tam sg sales sang ded to the tanem-Te ean igo hol bea egal par the wer, _ Employes ely 50 that the ng of an be dst Berd + Whe out set fae roves of een rath. Experian with ‘acum ou fab vron Crea shower any Sues a tind of sete itomens wing ely uti epetans the motes Mike sue tat te pce a song oamton, deen, solar * Crees work or pio isis sing oly ae Rando crente he sounds (Gluing pal cater, ce): Neate hs mek ap aecurely ple (Gl maton ase chute 13) Use drama ms ae ‘poland opmethe mc cay * Create mod ad dams fom lence a well a wund wile compose & sect a mal se pcs eames Ne ‘hwo ar ccurtly poae * Compare primary sythmi-petemed wok or nnuaonl ine sc ry cht fo ste) Cath resent di bsCHAPTER 12 NEW TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTS THERE ARE NUMEROUS eechnigus for resting mw nes with al ional rss tondind and sing irons wel ace Rend 1933, 1953, ‘rte 196) The sw techniques ne atanged athe chagrer by pe fst der septate aig 2 lowes Perc Mlaiphonss Man fs xenon fran cases Other ts Exchofthose te insur eva yan ing sting wk, an ha Percussive Etec Persie fers on rs ramen nce arin ping an knocking on ‘tomumenes th eral mata mre re (ops daa) a seer Dents 180m 197). Dern cas pre dfret bes Focal he ll eae now, vies eral ore sci and 0 fave life nance pitches ales en seks AS well ating vae> (Gey lick) pode ing snd nd Hing trogh he samen Pech pees shod louder dh ot owing whos ce stam Hand gos an open mouthices ark effect pach canbe curled by sing dite geting Ose postions (Dempster 1980). Care must ake at tonmnd weve oan ling the mothe ire strat. orth et Fan pops te pl mt slap (ot pt) the mow Rating mutes the tein ener reel oss elo rade teresting ound with he ti tee conrll fy pe ome and epecily he tel ued es omstueoe (Cas rm cattoar Ber). ‘Sica peremer cont ach hese raping and tgpng cs ng lagu bing mn scr dar sament (Baran! 1967 Hes 1986 ‘Mowal 74 Reh 97) Koelng aod oping ms sons rer lk, and foe nop can aloe wey ay layer, owiehe ‘Seng performer can sean minnsesocabulny of gecusive ft a i922; Renderech 96; Tuetly 197) Raping, png nd slag uses te rail pad finger nd pal of nde epee foe he ec ed Fesomrs can singh between one ac of te nsren al ante (bs top ck well a highland ile cat in thse when pening thefts The cll ap bas respond ty thee cleat more sates an doch vin art sic Te ow cn so be at lo (vt he wal othe ering, ra tape, ll enn, sting betwen ee a tale, sal ne The nay te) et Sone crt Sve not hrm eter he kw cre Atvramene Peter en ve «pores Bow frac psa, owes eve subst pena sear weal objets The vats stuck wes 2 wel ache loess crete well died nes ant even vane ich, ‘ic caus oflet nl sh hunt cund neve ll neue lac lpscks ising ete, ain and 0 (Lig 962 Prk 197). The isan, tetslong ath compen nventvenee ws The quiche and haere ac tthe mote presi esa Moroes ania ca alo ws wea sficts salaneouy a oft wih rumen ermance, Bese many wo case fis pode dramatic eur ar el he cote of heer Boule tested sole “The ep ie the pon maybe prt wt nto ves of perenne vcr (Sleds 1921, 199, Ths alate opin epinget eras ps offing in hes a ber bets ape the hd heen Awl fred psf the ssw the pal ofthe ha can pode» recuse St ‘oil pic, Reocang on the ody lon mt acs cet 8 tn ance bch ike wing the costar om the ie ofp ith he dpe peal Sm Example 21 or ae, oi, hom abl Kase, places emphoss on ptcusve ects Noe the we foc ef inthe intent art wl: Hee 002ring atheros (eg, the rata mist contest fe over ex fre. The pene efcrre alow fo pram sus may ee eve the ‘at experenced tenet steming to cote sen the sue Indeed. 4 eyo ca echo efits cote alae withthe combination of sn fnble fom even a smal ewe of isms. Maltphonies Bas ulin: (wo o moze pitches aluced snulenensy 0 a ply tmonohnie tuten nls om singing we lying (Dempster 96), ‘Aro uo ad leer dee, ound the inert beas an cut os ‘tate phe ad at thse Bots incre i ped, a thd pitch can occu {Gal we low elise contol or even nome hee ery phe, how ‘vex Peeing mo-otemalighonis me ul dif excep when ering ‘act ses fm bth he sng and played ots Prfometcan generally teste ‘ean ad proxi pices ete ce pare ly easy ut eat pe Eourepbine requis extensive practe Wo peor cert "Howind mulphons ofthe, ou even five ro ar ete by binging ct stag overage tances wen wang caren ingesinge and enbouchaes (Barolo 1967; Hes 1966, Howe 1974 Ree 197; Seavada 196). These nsipboniss, wich were previ houghe to be wus can Fe qe coo: ‘ant All won nsuments ow have pblhed chars fo ras geting oe ‘lions wich sou te laced above te noe fe choper 1). Some we ‘Sd muligonis are easy pedscl, whe others eqae a et deal of poctice {ome A thorugh egw the awake mulipbnis on sen tame in oat and soa shoal rece compton. Whie a muliphoni nxton teas ey conuoane harmonic aca herent sound ay besten Tr anae og tothe mictones Fen Dlcen gringo the same ate lo toe irene nbs, Thi pt tla ei the ape oper nhere ots fen hove man deen gee rubies, Tae, tis, an inonatn der denon th hos fi rng and pth, ln muse pron cents, pefrer chee Binge ed tthe contort ofthe wok, eompuee and ps. In commerserany mus, co rts ave the po toler geno fr vary of ese mca ons iten ane, and oo. Example 127 shows sre re for cho 0 ‘hich the frgeting hanes low a en ym. These cha rade 9 ee, ‘Sf mconal werion of pic nba mates and ste envelope Aton. Tn hr ce, the pro doe oe estck an ofthe nly eed os, ‘Sting errors te muthenisby dint ough the we of dei, oe, edge stp Shing ie plang proses antes psy ar cet ‘Sian sintes ifr depending o the sese is sec wed ‘cats may peice magne by fv plating mung tons (Dai 1pb9rttene 1068 Tide 1973) Thi deve, whch cam be gute sng oe seme more eetve ne dramatic wagct than nis mule ph pobites- NEW TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTS 139 ‘Et 1.2 Ryn ging hag lr ne flan ec face esl: Repos of sled vocals singing Fax Bach chores sem esireragented “The hare met ingame, dces mliphonic a ata ease quence tte den, Vrs way of lacking cha, bower can race 3 Yt ‘yf mle ies by wie fingers of ages and oon eagle 123 shows claret, rmpe, an eon mulher or Ipovetpngin the retanr etre. The crt bes consonant bt bls tenon che fh mulheres ne pach. use 123M neh my ne ef unde tf mon ‘ont intone Macing fects Maing tees can be cathy notated Ge chaper 13) produce a how of Teen titer Because ache mate (eg, amen, taht, what anges ‘up peduces ts oon unite composts soca ese whch te toe sro mutes ee the eat ofthese eso the sem, 3 imbecs com change dramaricaly wach diferent stem posttoning, Mutes canbe40 CHAPTER TWELVE ‘emote and replace fective whe performing fen eating nuances on in lentes tha cold not Be ahve ay ther ma. Changing mates uy can Also ploduce dren unbtes onthe sae noe, spell th tmpets 90 trombones ‘Wording ramets canbe mute in a numberof we. Ping wondwind lesen in dep Bucket, for eal. dampens the ound slg especially ‘hen the chet ned with lah. The val beer tends 9 ovenbadom ‘he aural eal Some compere ented 1 lacing ptf the ramen underwater ft muting Thi too prices resuks more Huot thn mas Febeing ffiage can sho mute woodwind inset Sing peiemen can este we mano the muting technique capone by th ha and plano se wll a the snd mes artacol othe bie (Tet 192). Hlard-noppng she ing we oing or plckng con pode rial and mace cee nt he tne and ronance case by the amount of hand freer ed The im an ute ct or tng dev ecard pee The te prewar the sng can conte amon ring-f Claes, pep ‘lip, and nines ache devices hae bees ed thames the Big moe tx are with varing dees faces a sch cases, hateve the obfet ve ‘he manner falcon snd dey of the material ft the amount of damp ing. Exprneneton wih the inrument and propel abject shold precede tncaing them in nex work ‘ocalmuting wally ives covering the mouth wih 2 fice hand Pole 1923). Thea be beigtened sol ar penta plying nid emoving the hn roucing a modulating vibrate wound Humming ao creates ara ming ee Example 124 presi cal pase to mit strmens (rape ad wil) nth contain pteusine sfc ona united sig bate The dow ‘melting muted ect nthe umes ine ects sb vations i the coun {Srine, Nowe the ein of he Beceem nthe vl pat NEW TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTS ut Extensions of Traditional Techniques Many sei fc fr Ka rad wind Irae eva fm ig mouth piece ne oe perorming onthe open oc of de cnet (Chins 1960) "Tes eft exten fm arti of gun adam, pricy ot che a tenon naps eo cortle phe om bra naman lan sch 2 esp Ella, and son, te amon on bass stents Fel oes on eas Instr can pode fereing timbres and end the owe nat ofthese ‘rtramets gay Fate tngung ee «pens remo eee. Cust trenthing 2 ecnige in wich perms nl rogh te nee wb exhaling hugh conrad emtouchre, can race seaman ou fr mints a ‘ite, Vring spe tar sn the ue of arrester extend acon Tecigues on wind tuners, The sae of tot of ho vais om ler ‘ee Compr hol ene perme bef expecting acura Fertrmnes ‘Now tng insrumen echnigus ice remo pee (tring le ot) ad and epeily the pe ete of he nstumene Reon ee freer repletomso Ageing iho wing (fe perce eft, hd bing urgue lets onthe inser (2g, rete ee on eS Tececen ride and tape, oad of scum fest wef effets Pndeect 1960, 1967). Crear ming, heron (pecs land, and undertones Aevoeced by towing wth eat pes co cee pitches ow the lest pen ingen the ramen) produce testing new ound a el "Wel ertenon ar umeroas (Peer 1973), Luphing ei seam, whi peting whist eking mumbling and 0 on presen a a ew of he more fen Sede Special ftom he harp wee ily exablsd by Cas Sob (921, 192) Hupas can pace mayo the eft poste othe ier he ian ‘rep br epson, wich npitematic owing othe popensy sch eps atone lof the neues: Ase fm the igue pe of sand lle by ‘Sato, he harp ine plo pr de el (na the ouboard) wth various plea such ger, tar pcs ger ps, coins ad 00. narle 12.5 resents Fah page ocr, ka, ad wombioe shoving fowl the rechriques debe are The trombone "voles Fam jx The S Lee he ocsi2s, Tem iighAAMBReisscipe aria wndeornsntie12 cuApTER TWELVE ar sngue inthe Re at reeds 4 highs ote” aoa Ge cage 1). ‘The nal Bin the wove pat pedal tone Other Bets Sgng. talking or whispering instead (rw) pfrmingcan bean elective Inca of consadcngaubence expctations (Cope 1993). Some comport ack formers co move abut ot levee wage ding pefrmances Us sor ‘hustle mel cle ie can soo eontte sso ets (Ce 10d), In general, center aidenes uncensciuy pte shemales or ech supes Dramas eft have lit lasing valu, however athe repeated Fevformance ten o multe sbock vale. Thi partly te king Id coming ects I aeflect sap integral par of pice, willie evn tie the iil sock bar woen of The defence bernen shock or ow ake tnd dromare eft ca be teu However, and composes should use eft Carell While» sll deplormene of eect ean produce powerless 2 ‘Spec we officer may trm an otherwise meaning eoagstion io a focal work "Rou [21 resent an ovesew of sige movement compotion employing 2 ‘ume of tc shove mensoned fe Thee ae treet es eft this orca curl (snr ts grouped other nls ey mated pan Wh muted and psa vin 2) he aig nes of woul fs wih che Isl ne oie pes and recon gether let ine with pio ‘Sin the i) and) containg seu sounds (ey hates om the pla) ‘nal 124 thes each of hse nwt ou os fo cafetion hr Exanple 127 (p HH) detente, ec canbe wed fo contest ot ‘ehncerecnigos dsl inher hapten che fa excerpt, Soman er “alexa the pan conte by 2 arity of fet in the win (oe Tenure) nthe second exer he out ots poronal anna se mes nd ‘inl nutans snd orig te ine, ea ap decom of the si in ae ater cosinor ca be ound chat 2 | Set on aE oon BT * : ll Droninconn r ee eee ae essen 126. Libel ligmng we of wanna effects), and contnsing ect ()1 HAPTER TWELVE ile Heap yy id aa une 127, Ee ed wih thr cae [New Instruments (One major role wth ring ne semen concen perfomance experi Reformers uo cane exper have pnt ers een the ada ns ‘met cant he expect inthe sme level oo ely vented ns nen. Although ston oth pele ex they Fou he robe of mas sophisacaton "Most ously new insruens an he ont thas pose mil pet ‘mance peprton (Bunch 188, Crumb 1970, Grn 197). Whe hs oes Shes gem pelems the sn fork arene ard efarnanee en sete lis cen Another solu inven new ster eke anh a sland no new ntacanopeens re reel Many ne feces lnnens have Ben ted i the sy Some comes cons area nat requiring uma pertemers (Grayeon 1977; MacKenac” 1969) NeW TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTS Ms. Windsound scutes, fe sound saps, ad water sound nuprars ate stch ‘ranges, wth he fat word efeach name dct the menu prom ‘New wks an ln be scp nto fe she corto an formance of new neuen’ Incorporate sch plas ito new works, however Tees stamen quality the mee ofthe enon doing the cnoction- The a cater stromen uliing ads to the ok of amateursh penance “Serour quero remain conceming the abanage of raiment eid le oth pte or vce: New tuning (wth only tao tao), row tind new technics of contin ree pena flee. Tins of ew perirmanceechnlgy an wo represent ba ew fhe pone tssamage. Ay one ofthese cul encourage comport co ade th poem of perma and andar (or jt noe them esl) and Hoc = ‘Sapien of new ite re ae few potenti tf Knte—suggtos, nt eae—forcompenee ance eset frm hae ve value teen het te 2 eng wr ‘av one o rein conbnatcn might proce succes es 1. Geet et oe falar parc of tional name in contrat 2 eo trimer allowing tational techie. 5. Ue cay fund mar consti. 4 “eae roee muse penance, lowing the noel sou of then tstement speak or se 5. Develop vin pl fic of tho ew rae pre 122 shows examples of cach ofthe above mettonl inrumene “The fing nstrmen combines hanging ene as cu to scleve vce od Tuning. Ths esement essen aod example of mp of peromanee hat ° >» Pe] + os. ° o ¥ = Pan 122. Row xe trueslacks sophia, The second intrment i a ld with Broken as which ‘tier tothe god sounds niques produces indeterminate cet ding Fevormance. The third frame is watersound scalar whee a ecte fomp eyes the water ht conta fe down, vey ait the vats fun eoucing devices. The a trent eles abl Bearing which, whe Poet the top, moves tough es fhe erament, eng vara bil hime steing oon complex mols founds pe 13 show cage ewes «lt gst of 4 tena nut nents temper mua fads an ni prlased et of materia: leg of inch tore Pleas tbsg od hold feel forte bel ‘wing the eng of abieg mak cay constctd fms of cugaphones Daterce tints ad frames pitches oar wth longer o share nats of tung Ts estment ie scalpromed wth he uel el hand Fcan emul iy peste at the cheba the etree Morons the ument abe mode by sory potng the kia dierent dete wed above ‘Bohsar fora Doppler ees whch be gael asd an wit Moment (Cape 1972). Aver eae, gly nae comples, ea aichor the coe i nent Genbety196)-A le set fight wo stock overs the ei =f ‘Bove the jocks Since the acs ove upward whee 2k dees the ne frtromen tthe mats ike beets speed lor the wood ms ‘The sjecs ean otaced oath head of ne Eos the lec 0, to case damage dating perfomance. Fie I shows dhs pepe has Choad Anker ca Be cd wo dampen the sings and the ad vemcved 1 ee fom fer the prepration apart, The ssp ces strc the lesen Ie bccn foreach wsng of he nicochord”wth poses including Hane Wl, igs clo oes lr metal hs bes, mera bing oF 905 mbt ofthe ch depends om the sb fhe chosen ej. sao Setortheveng tbe wedalong withthe ojos Les no ant ih he tine {torovtof une withthe suck ee). ‘Toe partons beat ofthe moc col a be le or ed to accom wot long nd wer pte ejects Thi stamens canbe liye ing ah “ovl eon Beene ning flows do the spre objet, a moto Mise ca employe. Wath he ih cece of mater constocton mets hao m dongs old cme the archer. Not tht the wood st fred objets ate potable They can Re removed and sted le we and he Crrcerevormed normaly Unike the prepared pane, the wacrochord does ot NEW TECHNI@UES AND INSTRUMENTS FRMH IDA A nce Fes reer iat parca tenrormieerats pcenaaetanteeemeermnans mig eetemeieiregeinas Sit cate ee eSermaces Ee eee ea Coe suns an eet toi maenann cmoina Seen Foun 125. Pabedan wii me nen be ce es Seip cceesaneemas ee eoe renee8 cMapreR TWELVE 196, 196). Grope fc nun an exo epee Wha sexe fatied nomeled meade may sem rented eres iovling many ‘ire akea cxer Such ensemble prove ach ou of ew tinbres Nowe ‘Son thrcmpses should enol hee ratuan's an ot ve es, Oe the he of radial mrament tester agian conerans comps. Now innments create hy compere should ne er sich consti ove sample 128 shows a short pane fr fr mochorts The ting of a, he el and el psa wel athe walsonal otto shou easy read Ipany Leyton performs The fey Free compost shes testing th ‘an fing nsracsons2 the eng the sence hee fn 3 ‘ruil inpatin Such ners mtb the xt for ew sume al ines Oni then can dee tment pas being ie wan) noun :28. Shr page ou in mice NEW TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTS Composing Sugestons + Compose panape raat struments of dil deren bes hc mot nla pone o pecusio Place emphasise presi ce ‘ues Bein is many fet and owl irc a kn. Il ee Fc siegtnlve-ane echnigus 1 Find apd adh the mulphonic car of ny atae woodwind ints ‘nunc Have a pesormer otemine whch muon on tment iv coment Compene 4 show wok ug many consonant ‘orc svng the sat donne maps or the pn of ane + Compote wore a eae ve aelable vies ng at many oc ech ‘ut pose Ue these es neo cd fsa sounds (ets lun) a el rin polite seston. + List 2 many fs 2 posible fra many nsturnents oe than piano ana fescic alae, Photocopy th lt fo the peemes and have them injrvae& work yng hse ews encusely Now the well ss and wheter the mac Resonate + Create an inerunens whore permite ptflems ae at min tl hat anne redig suse cold prom le Comptes rh th ‘ee inrument gana tain. + Compose slo wok fr new nsromene tha abe ue gpa ‘Stiadonal ements Foe example ean se owe trombone Have the compote make ine of thet spec fhe nc Inoue bso wrk eer a plese Lebar al he charac tes of deen, alae,CHAPTER 13 NEW NOTATIONS IW GENERAL, MUSIC NOTATION fale so four main esses 1. Mec: ly sandal tou vel aves al adn ‘St Cae 1955 ead 190) 2 Improvisation en ton rw materi eat peroemer may er ‘ot scoring oe se conte Ber 902) 3, Proportional: meters tation which the oro pston of notes lees etn dent ines at 1982) 4 Intestine locas wie range of gh mus Behrman 196) CCompoters have wed each ofthe ave catgrie in such ese ways hati tumeanigs ad score ly fen conta ee ser (Cape 189 Cale 1974 (Cope 197, Jc, R.T981; Kerk 1972). Morcovee whl some ofthe tuations hve achieved ome ete of andardstin, met peer fice Vat to comnts ofthe ahve eta ae than a ene ete alone. Fo thac ea, ths caper demonsrtes these etegoes of otto tht ma fomon wae smn them though explanation and examples ble pen ine the now me “Metric and Improvisational Notation Using rational mesic oct fen ela in extremly complex and iil lndertond iil presentations of muse (Carer 1988; Messiaen 1950; Scone 1980, Bua 131 shows few the moe calengng specs oh se fete resol dacs in caper 8, cating matic moustin, compte feat ‘Evcons and comer meter Whiley no meses pose ops thixan Fe dows aa need fr thee pes of rea. Tn Beomple 112 an tans of ngewe, he Br aes av ile meting cept toa germs goes aang thee pce the msc. TS See penny eoriten In rr so show he dene mratos ioovanon, The ft meee resent poate hoes flowed Ysa Ince show the en The sal prenecaly em drat ate New woTATIoNs bt Txt 2 pont tans the drason of ech oe. The noe aie in be ely improved hee eformers Should noe rely on soma eles ling eo Netra ts hat the com er may nox inend, The cord messe isa FE. a fs al ever a os Sb), mentoned easr (ie chapter 8). The this mere lacks notes ag tread an arroxinatenunkr of sens ending in puch ei Tas pea oe fon allows peor 1a lay the gnc ern tthe tose he Capos the india nzer bch in he trp othe example se aot inprtns se ‘wn Fachof hee notions can bewedsccenaly y niing he permet ee oro nea wo parameter (en example yn nd nerf pce el cole ed of pce heave phe). Ther is ene oe ‘the mus geal eons, Proportional and Graphic Notation Eee 133 sho opti wn of eve en ten ‘hece different types of notation. The horn line is wetten in a common ype evo. fol oa at a copa ves aa a Sterne con ts nd tne Theos ee srl ce hw mn ccs hae eT Scones wh tel een ee ti cay mrss ein ee ee Tice gaan he hana