Manaligod, Yohan I.

HW 1
ME135-2/E02

1-17 A 15-cm-diameter aluminum ball is to be heated from 80ºC to an average temperature of

200ºC. Taking the average density and specific heat of aluminum in this temperature range to be
ρ = 2700 kg/m3 and Cp = 0.90 kJ/kg · ºC, respectively, determine the amount of energy that needs
to be transferred to the aluminum ball.
Given:
D=15 cm=0.15 m
T 1=80 ℃ T 2=200 ℃

kg
ρ=2700
m3
kJ
C p=0.90
kg−℃
Solution:
Q=∆ U=mC ∆ T
π 3
¿ ρVC ∆ T V= D
6

kg
(
¿ 2700
m3 ()[ π6 ) ( 0.15 m ) ] (0.90 kg−℃
3 kJ
)( 200−80) ℃
Q=515.30 kJ

1-31 A student living in a 4-m × 6-m × 6-m dormitory room turns his 150-W fan on before she
leaves her room on a summer day hoping that the room will be cooler when she comes back in
the evening. Assuming all the doors and windows are tightly closed and disregarding any heat
transfer through the walls and windows, determine the temperature in the room when she comes
back 10 hours later. Use specific heat values at room temperature and assume the room to be at
100 kPa and 15ºC in the morning when she leaves.
Given:

V =4 m ×6 m× 6 m=144 m3 t=10 hours

kJ
W =150W Rair =0.287
kg−K
 kJ
P=100 kPa C p=1.007
kg−K
T 1=15 ℃

Solution:
E¿ −E out =∆ E

E¿ =∆U =mC v ∆ T closed system

PV (100 kPa ) ( 144 m3 )

m= = =174.22 kg
RT kJ
( 0.287
kg−K ) (15+ 273 ) K

kJ kJ kJ
C v =C p−R=1.007 −0.287 =0.720
kg−K kg−K kg−K
J 3600 s
E¿ =Wt=150 ×10 hours × =5400000 J=5400 kJ
s 1hour
∆ U =mC v ∆ T

kJ
(
5400 kJ =( 174.22 kg ) 0.720
kg−K )
( T 2−15 ) K

T 2=58.05 ℃

1-41 The ducts of an air heating system pass through an unheated area. As a result of heat
losses, the temperature of the air in the duct drops by 3ºC. If the mass flow rate of air is 120
kg/min, determine the rate of heat loss from the air to the cold environment.
Given:
∆ T =3 ℃=3 K
kg
ṁ=120
min
kJ
C p=1.007
kg−K
Solution:
Q̇=∆ Ḣ=ṁ C p ∆ T open system
 kg kJ
(
¿ 120
min )(
1.007
kg−K )
(3 K )

kJ
Q̇=362.52
min

1-62 The inner and outer surfaces of a 5-m × 6-m brick wall of thickness 30 cm and thermal
conductivity 0.69 W/m · ºC are maintained at temperatures of 20ºC and 5 ºC, respectively.
Determine the rate of heat transfer through the wall, in W.
Given:

A=5 m×6 m=30 m2

∆ x=30 cm=0.3 m
W
k =0.69
m∙℃
T 1=20 ℃

T 2=5 ℃

Solution:
T 1−T 2
Q̇=kA
∆x
W
(
¿ 0.69 ( 30 m2 ) ( 20−5 )
)
m∙ ℃ 0.3 m

Q̇=1035 W

1-104E A 2-in-diameter spherical ball whose surface is maintained at a temperature of 170ºF

is suspended in the middle of a room at 70ºF. If the convection heat transfer coefficient is 12
BTU/h · ft2 · ºF and the emissivity of the surface is 0.8, determine the total rate of heat transfer
from the ball.
Given:
BTU
D=2∈¿ h=12
h ∙ ft 2 ∙℉
T 1=170 ℉ ε =0.8
T 2=70 ℉
 Solution:
BTU
(
Q̇ conv =hA ( T 1 −T 2) = 12
)
h ∙ ft 2 ∙ ℉
(π )¿ ¿

BTU
(
Q̇rad =εσA ( T 41 −T 42 ) =( 0.8 ) 0.1714 × 10−8
)
h∙ ft 2 ∙ R4
( π ) ¿¿

Q̇=Q̇ conv + Q̇rad

BTU BTU
¿ 104.72 +9.41
h h
BTU
Q̇=114.13
h
1-88 The boiling temperature of nitrogen at atmospheric pressure at sea level (1 atm) is
-196ºC. Therefore, nitrogen is commonly used in low temperature scientific studies since the
temperature of liquid nitrogen in a tank open to the atmosphere will remain constant at -196ºC
until the liquid nitrogen in the tank is depleted. Any heat transfer to the tank will result in the
evaporation of some liquid nitrogen, which has a heat of vaporization of 198 kJ/kg and a density
of 810 kg/m3 at 1 atm.
Consider a 4-m-diameter spherical tank initially filled with liquid nitrogen at 1 atm and
-196ºC. The tank is exposed to 20ºC ambient air with a heat transfer coefficient of 25 W/m2 · ºC.
The temperature of the thin-shelled spherical tank is observed to be almost the same as the
temperature of the nitrogen inside. Disregarding any radiation heat exchange, determine the rate
of evaporation of the liquid nitrogen in the tank as a result of the heat transfer from the ambient
air.
Given:
kg
T 1=20 ℃ ρ=810
m3
W
T 2=−196 ℃ h=25 2
m ∙℃
kJ
Lv =198 D=4 m
kg
Solution:
Q̇=hA ( T 1−T 2 )

W
¿( 25 )(π ) ( 4 m )2 (20+196)℃
m∙ ℃
Q̇=271433.61W
 Q̇
Q̇= ṁ Lv ṁ=
Lv
J 1 kJ
271433.61 ×
s 1000 J
ṁ=
kJ
198
kg
kg
ṁ=1.37
s