5.

0 EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE OVER BOX STRUCTURE

CALCULATING BRIDGE TEMPERATURE :

Maximum air shade temperature = 47.5 oC
Minimum air shade temperature = 2.5 oC
Bridge Temperature = 35 oC
Variation of temperature = 45 > 20
Max Mean temperature = 32.50 °C
Min Mean temperature = 12.50 °C
To consider the long term effect, Δtmax = 16.25 °C (Force F1)
To consider the long term effect, Δtmin = 6.25 °C (Force F1)

Calculating equivalent Temperature for gradient temperature effect :

F = Ec α Δt A
Ec = Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete = 3.29E+06 t/m2
α= Coefficient of Thermal expansion = 1.20E-05 /oC
Δt = Temperature differential
A = Cross-sectional Area of section where temperature differential is Δt
C/S Area of the slab, A = b * hi
Temprature difference, Δt = Mean temp stated as in figure
hi = Thickness of layer of concrete
b = Width of layer of concrete
= 1000 mm
2
Area of the Box section = 350000 mm
4
Moment of Inertia of the Box section = 3.57E+09 mm
3
Section modulus from Top = 2.04E+04 mm
3
Section modulus from Bottom = 2.04E+04 mm

Thickness of top slab = 350 mm

1.000 4.00 13.80 9.90 0.70 0.07

0.105
0.105

0.09

0.105
0.350 0.000
0.04

0.035 0.035
0.09

0.105
0.07

2.1 5.80 0.80

Possitive Temprature Gradient Reverse Temprature Gradient

Load calculations due to Positive temprature (Rise) gradient

Width of Depth of Area of Temp Eccenrt Mome
Force generated
Sr. No. concrete concrete concret Variati icity nt due
due to Temp (T)
section section e on wrt to
1 1.000 0.105 0.1050 6.90 28.633 0.140 4.009
2 1.000 0.105 0.1050 4.00 16.599 0.123 2.033
3 1.000 0.105 0.1050 1.80 7.469 0.035 0.261
4 1.000 0.105 0.1050 0.00 0.000 0.018 0.000
5 1.000 0.105 0.1050 1.05 4.357 -0.105 -0.458

Total Force, FTR = E * α * A * Δt

d 57.058 = 13.832 * Δt
Δt Δt = 4.125 °C (Force F1)

Total Moment, MTR = F * e = E * α * A * Δt/2 * e

d 5.846 = 0.403 * Δt
Δt Δt = 14.49 °C (Force F2)

Load calculations due to Reverse temprature (Fall) gradient

Width of Depth of Area of Temp Eccenrt Mome
Force generated
Sr. No. concrete concrete concret Variati icity nt due
due to Temp (T)
section section e on wrt to
1 1.000 0.070 0.0700 4.95 13.694 0.152 2.077
2 1.000 0.070 0.0700 0.70 1.937 0.140 0.271
3 1.000 0.088 0.0875 0.35 1.210 0.076 0.092
4 1.000 0.088 0.0875 0.40 1.383 -0.076 -0.105
5 1.000 0.070 0.0700 0.80 2.213 -0.140 -0.310
6 1.000 0.070 0.0700 2.90 8.023 -0.152 -1.217

Total Force, FTF = E * α * A * Δt

d 28.460 = 13.832 * Δt
Δt Δt = 2.0575 °C (Force F1)

Total Moment, MTF = F * e = E * α * A * Δt/2 * e

d 0.808 = 0.403 * Δt
Δt Δt = 2.0035 °C (Force F2)

Showing Temperature for overall for expansion / contraction

Temp =+ 35 oC

Note: For +ve temperature case top slab will be Hotter than bottom, as shown in Fig., For side wall Inner side
Temperature is kept same as that of bottom of top slab, and as earth is present behind the walls, hence
outer side of wall will be cooler than the Inner side of wall. Temperature difference of side wall is assumed
as half of the temperature of the top slab. For bottom slab No Temperature difference is considered as it is
embedded in earth. The Same Philosophy is adopted for -ve temperature difference.

For Overall Bridge Temperature elongation/ contraction is considered only for the top slab, on the
conservative side.

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