University of Technology

Department of Electrical Engineering

Electrical machines
Final report
)2019-2020(
DC motor
‫ علي كريم كاظم فرهود‬-: ‫اعداد الطالب‬
 :Introduction

Electric motors are the driving force for many industrial

applications. Electric motors of all kinds use about 60% of the electric
energy in the world. The DC motors are one of the most important types
as they are used in electric traction and winches, the textile industry, iron
rolling and in the paper and cement industries. This is because of its ease
of controlling its speed and giving it high torque, especially when starting
the movement

As with all rotating motors, the principle of motor rotation is based on the
combination of two or more magnetic fields in moving the rotor
according to the direction of torque of the strongest magnetic field
between the

Because there is a permanent magnetic field between the two electrodes

between it, it is sufficient to induce another field using the individual
.induction method to get the rotating member to start working

When the electric current passes in the coils between the two poles, a
magnetic field is induced according to individual instigation, and as a
result of this field an opposite magnetic force is created on both ends of
the coil whose direction can be readily known by the right-hand rule, this
.emerging force generates a torque that turns the coil
 Dc motor
Definition

It is a machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy

using constant current, and therefore it works only on its systems, and its
types are divided into two types based on the structure, and they alone: it
is a polar symmetric engine and is the first inventor to operate a physicist
by electromagnetic induction, and his inventor is the scientist Michael
.Verday

The device shall be installed in its simplest form from two magnetic
poles, a north pole and a south pole separated by a certain distance called
a fixed organ - in the center of which is a coil attached to a battery that
.supplies it with a current. The coil forms the rotor of the motor

that, a permanent magnetic field will be generated as a result of the

passage of magnetic flux lines from the North Pole to the South, knowing
that the torque is directly proportional to the number of these magnetic
..lines passing through the coil, as well as the current intensity in the coil

properties of the Dc Motor

That the parallel motor can be used in areas requiring constant speed
despite the change of load, but it is not possible to use the parallel motor
..for loads that require high starting torque

The straight-drive motor is characterized by high starting torque, it is used

as the starter motor, electric train and winches. It is worth noting that the
running motor is used when it is connected to the load, so that its speed
..does not reach the dangerous level

As for the combined engine, it is used according to the load, as it

possesses the characteristics of the straight drive and the parallel drive
.together

Types of DC Motor

-:There are three types of DC motors

 1. Series motor
2. Parallel motor
3. Compound motor

These types differ from each other in the order of the circle between the rotor and
fixed member. Electric motors include electric switches, the role of which is opposite
.to the current

-:Series motor

These motors work by connecting the rotor with the electromagnet field magnets. The
.current passes through the field magnets and then passes into the rotor windings

The benefit of current flowing in this arrangement increases the power of magnets,
.and straight drives start working quickly, even if the load on them is heavy

Paralle motor:-

The connection method in this type is like a term, as it connects both the magnet and
the rotor in parallel. Part of the current passes through the electromagnet and the other
part of the current passes through the coil of the rotor. To increase the magnetism, a
thin, insulated wire is wrapped around the field magnets several times, and the
creation of the magnetic field in this way results in current resistance. The parallel
motor does not depend on the load, it runs at a constant speed regardless of the load,
but if the load increases on it and a large load is put, problems arise for the engine at
startup.

Compound motor

The compound motor differs from the straight and parallel drive that the rotor is
connected to two magnetic fields, one respectively and the other in parallel and thus
the compound engine includes the advantages of both the row and parallel drive, so it
is easy to operate the combined engine with a large load and also maintains a nearly
constant speed even when the load increases .

Applications of DC Motor
In the present day world, the electrical energy is generated in bulk in the form of an
alternating current. Hence, the use of DC machines, i.e., DC generators and motors are
very limited. They are mainly used in supplying excitation of small and medium range
alternators. The Industrial Applications of DC are in Electrolytic Processes, Welding
processes and Variable speed motor drives

Advantages and Disadvantages of DC Motor

The most important advantages of DC motors are that they are used when the load
needs to work at different speeds and also in the case of reserves to a high torque start
torque and this type of motor gives greater starting torque than any other type of
motor up to about five times the full load and in addition to that it is The best motors
whose speed can be controlled with efficiency, accuracy, high sensitivity and a large
range of change in speed

.One of its major drawbacks is that it requires regular maintenance