HVPE ASSIGNMENT 1

Kshitiz Shah
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Q1. Write a short note on:

A)Responsibility
A) Responsible people are the ones that many look up to. They are people who are
considered role models for others to follow and are even known for their examples of
responsibility followed by others. Responsible people are always the ones who help out. This
quality helps people to find a fondness and trustworthiness in them towards those who are
responsible.
Responsibility, a duty, obligation, or burden, is something that many take on when handling
priorities in anything they do throughout their day. Being responsible is something that is
important because it allows you to be depended on even if others can’t be. Whether you are
working, going to school, doing housework, or babysitting, being responsible is something
that cannot be avoided in your day to day life. Some see the most responsible people as the
first ones to call when emergencies happen while others know that a responsible person can be
counted without having to be asked to be responsible
A person who is responsible will not let you down and if they cannot finish a task or complete
what they are asked to do, they are responsible enough to let others know. Being responsible is
not something that will show failure in what is done. Responsible people will know how to
lead in a task or team even if it can’t be completed.
B)Living in harmony with society and nature
B)There is no better example of humans’ relationship to nature than idea of sustainable
development. It is imperative that we develop in a sustainable manner if we wish to live in
harmony with nature. Unfortunately, we have been developing in the opposite direction. For
many years the west has been able to get away with using more than their fair share of
resources because the less developed nations don’t have the technology to utilize these
resources for themselves. If this trend continues it poses a serious problem to global
sustainability. Rapid development in nations like India and China have pushed their resource
consumption levels up, closing the gap between third and first world. With such a high rate of
consumption in the developed countries, there is not much room for the third world to develop
without depleting our resources to unsustainable levels.
It is just a matter of time before we start to see this problem become more of a reality.
Developing nations are rapidly advancing on the western level of development and in no way
is it sustainable. If nothing is done there will be too many people trying to live the extravagant
lifestyle of the west and not even close to enough resources to accommodate them. We must
have the already developed nations reach the 6th stage of post-material society before the less
developed catch up.
C)Right Conduct:
C) Right conduct is living in a moral and ethical way in the absolute sense rather than
by the standards of any particular time or society. All the major religions say that killing
is wrong. Yet, even today, we see acts of war that lead to death being justified as
necessary for the greater good. Buddhism teaches to look at the entire picture and decide
what is right conduct. Buddhism also teaches that each individual has their set of
perceptions so that when faced with a complex situation different decisions may be
reached. A person who feels that any killing is wrong practices right conduct when they
oppose such action. However, a person who sees the result of a war as the freedom from
oppression and a way of ending the cycle of violence may also be said to be practicing
right conduct. Acts of retribution and revenge are not right conduct since they prolong
the karmic cycle of suffering. The true test of an action is whether it helps relieve
suffering.
D) Accountability:
D) Accountability is an assurance that an individual or an organization will be evaluated
on their performance or behaviour related to something for which they are responsible.
The term is related to responsibility but seen more from the perspective of oversight. An
employee may be responsible, for example, for ensuring that a response to
an RFP (request for proposals) meets all the stipulated requirements. In the event that the
task is not performed satisfactorily, there may or may not be consequences.
Accountability, on the other hand, means that the employee is held responsible for
successfully completing the task and will have to at least explain why they failed to do
so.
E)Truth:
E) Truth, in metaphysics and the philosophy of language, the property of sentences,
assertions, beliefs, thoughts, or propositions that are said, in ordinary discourse, to agree
with the facts or to state what is the case.

Truth is the aim of belief; falsity is a fault. People need the truth about the world in order
to thrive. Truth is important. Believing what is not true is apt to spoil a person’s plans
and may even cost him his life. Telling what is not true may result in legal and social
penalties. Conversely, a dedicated pursuit of truth characterizes the good scientist, the
good historian, and the good detective.
Q2. Pluralism in India
A2 The concept of plurality is central to any idea of India as a nation. We have had
conflicts whenever any agency has tried to impose forms of religious, ethnic, cultural or
linguistic hegemony in the name of unity. At the same time, however, we have lived
happily for centuries with the idea of plurality, which to our people has been the very
organic nature of their environment, natural and enriching like bio-diversity itself. This
plurality is part of the very essence of our democratic polity.
While speaking of plurality, the contending notions of plurality must be noted. One of
them is the market idea of plurality propounded by globalisers and champions of the neo-
liberal economy, where it means no more than the diversity of consumer products.
Ethnicity in their jargon is but a trademark, regions are  merely product-labels and tourist
destinations, and people are  producers for a centralised market. Once products enter the
market chain the producers are completely alienated from them, globalising what was till
then local. Languages are meant only to reach the diverse clientele, with “copies” made
available in different tongues.
The second is the “statist” idea of plurality, which is from the point of view of
governance. The attempt is to make it “governable”. To some extent it is a colonial
legacy as the British saw India’s diversity as an obstacle to governance. They
attempted to divide the people in order to easily control them. In the “statist” idea,
plurality is acknowledged, but formatted as manageable: While we have several hundred
mother tongues, only 22 find place in the eighth schedule of the constitution, Hindi being
given prime place as the “official” language (English being the associate official
language), and we have linguistic states in each of which there are anything from 20 to
60 languages according to the recently concluded “People’s Linguistic Survey of India”.
In practice, however, they have all taken from one another, proving the clean and rigid
divisions to be unreal and arbitrary. Certain aspects of our diversity get overlooked in the
creation of the “imagined community” of the nation (to borrow Benedict Anderson’s
famous term), assisted by symbols. Plurality often becomes a colourful mask worn
during spectacles like the Republic Day parade — a reductive, governable idea worthy of
exhibition along with the nation’s military strength, with the masked “theyyam” (a ritual
performance of Kerala)  behind a tank.
Q3. Four levels of living in harmony
A3. Living on the basis of this harmony (co-existence) results into: At the level of individual:
Right understanding (resolution) is ensured in every human being. This resolution inherently
manifests in human talent as- knowledge (of self, existence and human conduct), wisdom
(identification of human goals) and science (process of achieving human goal) and in human
expression as- behavior, work and participation in the larger order. The possibility of an
undivided society, holistic natural order and human tradition becomes clear as one lives
according to the right understanding. At the level of family: Resolution in each member of the
family, mutually fulfilling relationships and prosperity in family are ensured. It becomes
possible to identify the physical needs of the family on the basis of the right understanding
and members of the family are able to produce (in a recyclable manner) more than the
family's requirements for physical facilities and experience the feeling of prosperity. There is
enough scope in nature for this kind of effort, and enough capacity and scope in the human
being for putting in these efforts. A prosperous family is able to fulfill the its physical needs
of an and also help out other families, hence, one establishes a relationship of mutual
fulfillment, instead of exploitation of other families in this manner. At the level of society:
Self-organization in society, emerging out of such families, has five dimensions- education-
right values (sanskar); health-restraint; production-work; exchangestorage; justice-security.
Such self- organization ensures the fulfillment of human goals of samadhan (complete
resolution), prosperity, fearlessness and co- existence. The possibility of realization of this
holistic, all encompassing self- organization from an individual to family to world family
seems very natural. At the level of nature: The human being, living with complete resolution,
relationships and prosperity lives in a mutually fulfilling manner with the remaining three
orders (Material order = Soil, water, air, etc; Plant Order = plants and shrubs, etc; Animal
order = birds and animals) thus ensuring his prosperity and the enrichment, protection and
right utilization of the remaining three orders.
Q4. Globalization and Interdependence of Markets
A4. Globalization is a process of international integration, and its development is due to
increased exchange of products, services, etc. at global level, also with the influences of other
aspects related to cultural and social environment. This process has been influenced over the
years by the development and progress in various fields, from ITC to transport which support
the growing interdependence between marketing activities and other business operations like
management, logistics, accountancy etc. Growth and diversification of the production process
for various products such as textile, machinery, development of channels of communication,
etc. were decisive factors in the development of changes that occurred in the 19th century, the
20th century being influenced also by developments in the area of ICT and transportation.
Globalization is a complex process having social, environmental, cultural implications, being
strongly connected with economic mechanisms, and various aspects related to markets,
production, etc. which need to be discussed and considered when developing specific
marketing activities beyond the borders of a country. Globalization shows influences related
to expansion of investments in different countries, international trade development,
communication development, etc. Globalization in the economic area refers to
interdependence of economies of countries due to increased cross-border flows of products,
services, capital, etc. Economic globalization involves various aspects of economic life such
as production processes, finances, markets, institutions, labour force, etc. World countries are
becoming not only increasingly economically interdependent, but in the process of global
economic integration, they should consider avoiding possible negative outcomes in the social
area, environmental area, etc.

Q5. Explain pollution and it’s types

A5.
The word pollution comes from the Latin ‘polluere’ that simply means contamination. Hence,
in layman terms, pollution is something that contaminates the environment. The presence of
harmful substances in the air, land, and water, which can have an adverse effect on living
beings and on the environment is pollution. Referring to harmful gases, fluid or other
pernicious matter that are released or introduced in the natural environment. It is also toxic
material that makes the soil and air impure, pollutants, contaminants, or hazardous substances
that makes the environment unsuitable or unsafe. Pollution is also consequential after effect of
activities which upsets the biodiversity of the ecosystem. It also poses a threat to the
sustainability of the environment. 

Water pollution:
Water pollution can affect surface water such as rivers and lakes, soil moisture and
groundwater in aquifers, and the oceans. As you know from Study Session 4, the actions of
the water cycle connect all these different reservoirs of water. For example, a polluted river
will discharge into the ocean and could damage the marine environment. However, the
volume of water in the ocean can disperse and dilute the pollutant so that its worst effects are
only felt near the mouth of the river.

Water pollution is characterised by the presence of excess physical, chemical or biological

substances that change the qualities of the water and are capable of causing harm to living
organisms. We mentioned earlier that natural or unpolluted water is colourless, odourless and
transparent. Water that tastes or smells bad or is cloudy can be said to have the symptoms of
water pollution. However, some water pollutants cannot be seen or tasted, for example some
chemicals, such as pesticides, and most of the micro-organisms that cause waterborne
diseases. So, water pollution involves more than just the appearance of the water. Polluted
water should not be used for drinking, washing, bathing or agriculture. If polluted water is
used by humans, then it can adversely affect the body in different ways, depending on the
type and concentration of pollutant.

Air pollution:
Air pollution can exist at all scales, from local to global, and can include gases and solid
particles. It can affect you in your own home, or in your town or city, and can contribute to
global atmospheric changes. The most common sources of air pollution in the urban centres
of Ethiopia include the burning of wood, charcoal and other biomass fuel by households,
small businesses such as bakeries, manufacturing industries, and vehicles.

Air pollution is defined as the presence in the air of abnormal amounts of chemical
constituents capable of causing harm to living organisms. Clean air consists of nitrogen (78%
by volume), oxygen (21%) and trace gases (< 1%). Polluted air may contain particulate matter
(such as black soot) and many different gaseous chemicals such as carbon monoxide, carbon
dioxide, nitrogen oxides, sulphur oxides, ozone, nitrates, sulphates, organic hydrocarbons and
many others. Many of these are also found in clean air as trace gases but they become
pollutants if present in abnormal quantities.

Soil and land pollution:

Soil pollution, also called land pollution, is linked to water pollution. Liquid wastes
containing toxic chemicals or pathogenic micro-organisms on the surface of the land can seep
slowly into the soil and may percolate down to contaminate groundwater, which can affect
people using springs or wells in the area. Possible sources include open defecation, pit latrines
or leaking storage containers for industrial chemicals and wastes.

Solid waste can cause soil pollution. A collection of solid wastes in one place or scattered
around is unsightly and might smell bad to you as you pass by (Figure 7.10). Household waste
typically consists mostly of food waste that will gradually decompose. This produces a bad
odour and attracts insects and rats, both of which contribute to the transmission of disease. As
the waste decomposes it produces a liquid called leachate which trickles down into the soil.
Leachate is a highly concentrated liquid pollutant that may contain toxic chemicals and
pathogenic micro-organisms as well as high levels of organic compounds. Rainwater falling
on, and washing through, solid waste adds to the problem.