Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Compre 2018 Reviewer
Compre 2018 Reviewer
I. Pre- Classical
Egyptians and - Egyptian Pyramids
Chinese and the Great Wall of
China are proof that
project of tremendous
scope, employing tens
of thousands of
people, were
completed in ancient
times
- The Venetians
developed an early
form of business
enterprise and
engaged in many
activities
- Venetians used
warehouses and
inventory systems to
keep track of
materials, human
resource management
functions to manage
the labor force, and an
accounting system to
keep track of revenues
and costs
Adam Smith - published the Wealth
of Nations
- He argued the
economic advantage
that organizations and
society would gain
from the division of
labor (or job
specialization)-
breaking down jobs
into narrow and
repetitive tasks
- He concluded that
division of labor
increased productivity
by increasing each
workers skill and
dexterity, saving time
lost in changing tasks,
and creating labor-
saving inventions and
machinery
1800’s Industrial - Machine power was
Revolution substituted for human
power
- It became more
economical to
manufacture goods in
factories
- Managers were
needed to forecast
demand, ensure that
enough material was
on hand to make
products, assign tasks
to people, direct daily
activities
II. Classical Emphasized rationality
and making organizations
and workers as efficient as
possible
A. Scientific Mgt Frederick W. - known as the father
Taylor of Scientific
Management
- He advocated the
following 4 principles:
1. Development of a
true science for each
element of individual
work
2. Scientific selection
of workers
3. Cooperation
between mgt and staff
4. Division of labor
between mgt and staff
- Popularized the
manner of work in
production which is
now widely known as
the Gantt Chart
- Proposed incentive
plan for both the team
members and team
managers
- He proposed the 5
major Mgt Functions:
Planning, Organizing,
Commanding,
Coordinating and
Controlling
- He advocated the 14
Principles of
Mgt:DADSCUUTROSI
EE
1. Division of work –
work specialization
2. Authority – right to
give orders
3. Discipline –
employees must obey
and respect rules that
govern the org
4.Subordination of
individual interest to
general interest - the
interest of any one
employee should not
take precedence over
the interests of the org
5.Centralization – all
decisions come from
one person occupying
top position
6. Unity of command –
employees get orders
from 1 supervisor only
7. Unity of direction –
all efforts are geared
towards one
realization of a greater
goal
8. The Hierarchy – line
of authority in an org
9. Remuneration –
workers must be paid
a fair wage for their
services
10. Order – people
and resources in
proper place
- He advocated 3
universal principles in
order to operate:
1. Communication
2. Willingness
3. Common purpose
- He also advocated
the Acceptance
Theory of authority or
the zone of
indifference which
suggests that authority
exist if with
acceptance by
subjects
C. Bureaucratic Mgt Max Weber - German Sociologist
- Reassured that
organizations require
carefully controlled
organizations of its
activities
- Characteristics of
ideal bureacracy
include: DWIDC
1. Division of Labor
2. Well-defined
hierarchy
3. Impersonal
relationship
4. Detailed rules and
regulations
5. Career
Advancement based
on merit
III. Behavioral The behavioral school
emerged partly because
the classical approach did
not achieve sufficient
production efficiency and
workplace harmony
A. Behavioral Rober Owen - He proposed the
Approach ideal workplace
- He fought non-
employment of
children 14 years old
and below
Hugo Munsterberg - Father of Industrial
Psychology
- Pioneered
psychological tests for
employee selection
Mary Parker Follet - Interested in
employment and work
issues
- Promoted the
principle of Power with
than Power Over
B. Behavioral Science Drew findings from the Abraham Maslow - Developed the
fields of psychology, Hierarchy of Needs
sociology, anthropology Theory based on the 3
and economics assumptions:
1. Human beings have
(insatiable) needs
2. Human action is
aimed at fulfillment of
needs
3. Needs fit into a
hierarchy
*Self- actualization
*Self-esteem
*belongingness
*Security Needs
*basic Needs/
Physiological
- Theory X (negative
outlook)
*Person is lazy,
coercion is needed,
little ambition)
- Theory Y (Positive
Outlook)
* Persom do not
inherently dislike work,
capable of self-
control, have capacity
to be creative and
innovative
Frederick - Developed the Two-
Herzberg factor Theory
- Factors leading to
Dissatisfaction
(hygiene)- Extrinsic
factors
* company policy
*supervision
*relationship with boss
*work conditions
*salary
*relationship with
peers
- Factors leading to
Satisfaction
(Motivation)- Intrinsic
Factors
* Achievement
*Recognition
*Work Itself
* Responsibility
* Advancement
*Growth
C. Hawthorne Studies - Study conducted in
1924 at the Hawthorne
plant of Western
Electric Company
- The Team of
Roethlisbeger, Mayo
and Dickson
concluded that
employees would
perform better if they
believe that mgt gives
special attention to
them
- Focused on quantitative
methods to help determine
the most effective use of
resources
A. Operations Use of mathematical
Research techniques in
analyzing and solving
mgt problems
B. Operations Mgt Responsible for the
production and
delivery of an
organizations products
and services
C. Mgt. Info Systems Computer- based
(MIS) information system by
management
V. Contemporary
- a system is a set of
interrelated pars
working together as a
whole
B. Contingency - Contradicts Taylor’s
Approach one best way to do the
job concept