COMPLEX ANALYSIS,PROBABILITY AND STATISTICAL METHODS(18MAT41)

MODULE – 02
CONFORMAL TRANSFORMATION:

Let c1 and c2 be any two curves in the z-plane intersecting at z0, suppose the transformation w =
f(z) transforms the curves c1 and c2 to the curves c1 and c2 respectively which intersect at a
point w0 = f(z0) in the w-plane. Then the transformation is said to be conformal if the angle
between c and c is equal to the angle between c and c in both magnitude and direction.
1 2 1 2

SOME STANDARD TRANSFORMATION:

1. Discuss the transformation w= z2

w z 2 ................. (1)
u iv (x iy)2
= (x2 -y2 )+i2xy
u=x2 -y2 ; v=2xy ........... (2)
case(i): consider a line parallel to y-axis i.e., x=a, a is a constant
eqn(2) becomes
u=a2 -y2 , v = 2ay
or v2 = 4a2 y2 =4a2 (a2 -u) = -4a2 (u a2 )
This represents parabola in the w-plane along negative u-axis vertex at the point
(a2 , 0)

DEPT. OF MATHS/GMIT Page 1

 COMPLEX ANALYSIS,PROBABILITY AND STATISTICAL METHODS(18MAT41)

This represents parabola in the w-plane along positive u axis, vertes at the point ( b 2 ,0)

CONCLUSION: Straight line parallel to coordinate axes in z – plane transforms parabolas in

w-plane under the transformation w z 2

DEPT. OF MATHS/GMIT Page 2

 COMPLEX ANALYSIS,PROBABILITY AND STATISTICAL METHODS(18MAT41)

2. Discuss the transformation W = e z

w ez
u iv e( x iy) ex (cos y i sin y)
u e x cos y,
v e x sin y .............(1)
Squaring and adding (1)
u 2 v 2 e 2 x........................ (2)
Dividing
v
tan y ................ (3)
u

Case(i): consider a straight line parallel to x-axis i.e., x = a, a is a constant

Therefore eqn(2 becomes)

u 2 v 2 e 2a r 2
This represents a circle with centre origin and radius r in the w-plane

Case(ii): consider a straight line parallel to x-axis i.e., y = b, b is a constant

Therefore eqn(2 becomes)
v
tan b. m(say)
u
v um
This represents a straight line passing through‟ the origin in the w-plane

DEPT. OF MATHS/GMIT Page 3

 COMPLEX ANALYSIS,PROBABILITY AND STATISTICAL METHODS(18MAT41)

CONCLUSION: Straight line parallel to coordinate axes in z – plane transforms circle with
centre origin and straight line passing through‟ origin respectively in w-plane under the
transformation w e z

DEPT. OF MATHS/GMIT Page 4

 COMPLEX ANALYSIS,PROBABILITY AND STATISTICAL METHODS(18MAT41)

DEPT. OF MATHS/GMIT Page 5

 COMPLEX ANALYSIS,PROBABILITY AND STATISTICAL METHODS(18MAT41)

DEPT. OF MATHS/GMIT Page 6

 COMPLEX ANALYSIS,PROBABILITY AND STATISTICAL METHODS(18MAT41)

BILINEAR TRANSFORMATION OR MOBIUS TRANSFORMATION

az b
The transformation w , where a,b,c,d are real or complex constants such that
cz d
ad bc 0 is called a bilinear transformation

CROSS RATIO:
(z1 z 2 )(z3 z4 )
Cross ratio of four points z1 , z2 , z3 , z4 defined by
(z 2 z3 )(z 4 z1 )
INVARIANT POINTS OR FIXED POINTS

If a point z maps ont itself i.e., w = z then the point is called invariant point or a fixed point of
the bilinear transformation

PROPERTIES OF BLT

1. The cross ratio of a set of 4 points remain invariant under a BLT

(W1 W2 )(W3 W4 ) (z1 z 2 )(z3 z 4 )
(W2 W3 )(W4 W1 ) (z 2 z3 )(z 4 z1 )
2. Every BLT map circles or straight lines in z-plane into circles or straight lines in w- plane

PROBLEMS:
1. Find the BLT that maps the points (0,-i,-1) of z-plane onto the points (i,1,0) of
w- plane respectively.
Soln.
Given ( z1 , z2 , z3 , z4 )= (z , 0. –i, 0)
( w1 , w2 , w3 , w4 )= (w, i, 1, 0 )
Using cross ratio of 4 points
(w i)(1 0) (z 0)( i 1)
(i 1)(0 w) (0 i)( 1 z)
2
w i (1 i) z
.
w i z 1
w i z
2.
w z 1
wz iz w i 2zw
iz 1
w
z 1
This is the required BLT

DEPT. OF MATHS/GMIT Page 7

 COMPLEX ANALYSIS,PROBABILITY AND STATISTICAL METHODS(18MAT41)

2. Find the BLT that maps the points (∞, i, 0) of z-plane onto the points (-1, -i, 1) of w-
plane respectively.Also find the invariant points.
Soln.
Given ( z1 , z2 , z3 , z4 )= (z , ∞, i, 0)
( w1 , w2 , w3 , w4 )= (w,-1, -i, 1)
Using cross ratio of 4 points and z2 &1/ z2 0
(w 1)( 1 i) ( 1)(i)
( 1 i)(1` w) (1)( z)
(w 1)(1 i) i
(1 i)(1 w) z
zwi zi wz z i 1 wi w
(w 1)(i 1) z (i 1)(1 w)
z 1
w
z 1
This is the required BLT

put w z
z 1
z
z 1
z2 2z 1 0
z 1 2
Are invariant points.

3. Find the BLT that maps the points ( i,1,-1 ) of z-plane onto the points (1, 0,∞) of
w- plane respectively.Also find the invariant points.

DEPT. OF MATHS/GMIT Page 8

 COMPLEX ANALYSIS,PROBABILITY AND STATISTICAL METHODS(18MAT41)

DEPT. OF MATHS/GMIT Page 9

 COMPLEX ANALYSIS,PROBABILITY AND STATISTICAL METHODS(18MAT41)

DEPT. OF MATHS/GMIT Page 10

 COMPLEX ANALYSIS,PROBABILITY AND STATISTICAL METHODS(18MAT41)

4. Find the BLT that maps the points (-1, i,1) of z-plane onto the points (1,i,-1) of
w- plane respectively.

DEPT. OF MATHS/GMIT Page 11

 COMPLEX ANALYSIS,PROBABILITY AND STATISTICAL METHODS(18MAT41)

COMPLEX INTEGRATION:

Consider xy-plane is taken as complex plane then the point p(x,y) on this curve corresponding to
the complex number z=x-iy
The equation z = z(t) where t is parameter is reffered to as the equation of curve in the complex
form.
Ex: as t varies over the interval and x=a cast y=a sint then the complex form of the equation of
circle is
z x iy
z a cos t i sin t
a(cast i sin t
z aeit 0 t 2
Represent a circle leaving center at origin. And radius is equal to a.
Consider a continuous function f z of complex variable z=x=iy defined at all points of curve
from p to Q
Divide the curve in to n equal parts by taking points p= p(z0 ), p1 (z1 ), p2 (z2 )...
pk 1 (Z k 1 ) .. pn Q on the came C
(z n )

The complex line integral along the path C is defined by f (z)dz.

c
If C is closed curve then f (z)dz.
c
LINE INTEGRAL OF A COMPLEX VALUED FUNCTION

Let “D” is the region of complex plane and f(z)=u(x,y)+iv(x,y) be complex valued function
defind on „D‟ Let C be the curve in „D‟ then (z=x+iy dz=dx+idy)
f (z)dz. a(x, y) iv(x, y)(dx idy)
c c
f (z)dz. u(x, y)dx v(x, y)dy i vdx udy
c c c
f (z)dz (udx vdy) i (vdx udy)
c c c
Is called the line integral of f(z) along the carve C

DEPT. OF MATHS/GMIT Page 12

 COMPLEX ANALYSIS,PROBABILITY AND STATISTICAL METHODS(18MAT41)

PROBLEMS:
1. Evaluate z 2 dz Along the straight line from z=0 to z=3+i
c

3i
Solution ; a) z 2 dz z 2 dz
c y 0
Here z is varies from o to 3+i
Z = x+iy
Z=0 =) (0.0) (3,1)
y y0 y1 y0
Equation of the line gaining in
x x0 x1 x0
x
y
3
dx 3.dy
f (z) z 2 )(x iy)2 x2 y2 i2xy
(3.1) (3.1)
2 2 2
z dz (x y )dx 2xydy i 2xydx 1x2 y 2 dy
c (0.0) (0.0)

Convert these integral in to ltu variable y or x respects to integral wi y from 0 to1 and x from
0to3
Use variable „y‟

DEPT. OF MATHS/GMIT Page 13

 COMPLEX ANALYSIS,PROBABILITY AND STATISTICAL METHODS(18MAT41)

DEPT. OF MATHS/GMIT Page 14

 COMPLEX ANALYSIS,PROBABILITY AND STATISTICAL METHODS(18MAT41)

DEPT. OF MATHS/GMIT Page 15

 COMPLEX ANALYSIS,PROBABILITY AND STATISTICAL METHODS(18MAT41)

DEPT. OF MATHS/GMIT Page 16

 COMPLEX ANALYSIS,PROBABILITY AND STATISTICAL METHODS(18MAT41)

DEPT. OF MATHS/GMIT Page 17

 COMPLEX ANALYSIS,PROBABILITY AND STATISTICAL METHODS(18MAT41)

DEPT. OF MATHS/GMIT Page 18

 COMPLEX ANALYSIS,PROBABILITY AND STATISTICAL METHODS(18MAT41)

DEPT. OF MATHS/GMIT Page 19

 COMPLEX ANALYSIS,PROBABILITY AND STATISTICAL METHODS(18MAT41)

DEPT. OF MATHS/GMIT Page 20

 COMPLEX ANALYSIS,PROBABILITY AND STATISTICAL METHODS(18MAT41)

DEPT. OF MATHS/GMIT Page 21

 COMPLEX ANALYSIS,PROBABILITY AND STATISTICAL METHODS(18MAT41)

DEPT. OF MATHS/GMIT Page 22

 COMPLEX ANALYSIS,PROBABILITY AND STATISTICAL METHODS(18MAT41)

DEPT. OF MATHS/GMIT Page 23

 COMPLEX ANALYSIS,PROBABILITY AND STATISTICAL METHODS(18MAT41)

DEPT. OF MATHS/GMIT Page 24

 COMPLEX ANALYSIS,PROBABILITY AND STATISTICAL METHODS(18MAT41)

DEPT. OF MATHS/GMIT Page 25

 COMPLEX ANALYSIS,PROBABILITY AND STATISTICAL METHODS(18MAT41)

DEPT. OF MATHS/GMIT Page 26

 COMPLEX ANALYSIS,PROBABILITY AND STATISTICAL METHODS(18MAT41)

DEPT. OF MATHS/GMIT Page 27

 COMPLEX ANALYSIS,PROBABILITY AND STATISTICAL METHODS(18MAT41)

DEPT. OF MATHS/GMIT Page 28

 COMPLEX ANALYSIS,PROBABILITY AND STATISTICAL METHODS(18MAT41)

DEPT. OF MATHS/GMIT Page 29

 COMPLEX ANALYSIS,PROBABILITY AND STATISTICAL METHODS(18MAT41)

Example- 02

DEPT. OF MATHS/GMIT Page 30

 COMPLEX ANALYSIS,PROBABILITY AND STATISTICAL METHODS(18MAT41)

DEPT. OF MATHS/GMIT Page 31

 COMPLEX ANALYSIS,PROBABILITY AND STATISTICAL METHODS(18MAT41)

DEPT. OF MATHS/GMIT Page 32