EXERCISE 1 -- A. Read the excerpt from a newspaper article and complete the tasks that follow. How Culture Molds Habits of Thought By Erica Goode For more than a century, Western philosophers and psychologists have based their discussions of mental life ona cardinal assumption: that the same basie processes underlie all human thoughf, whether in the mountains of Tibet or the grasslands of the Serengeti. Cultural differences might dictate what people thought about. Teenage boys in Botswana, for example, might dis- cuss cows with the same passion that New York teenagers reserve for sports cars. But the habits of thought—the strategies people adopted in processing information and making sense of the world around them—were, Western scholars assumed, the same for everyone, exemplified by, among other things, a devotion to logical reasoning, a penchant for cat- egorization and an urge to understand situations and events in linear terms of cause and effect. Recent work by a social psychologist at the University of Michigan, however, is turning this long-held view of mental functioning upside down. In a series of studies comparing Buropean Americans to Fast Asians, Dr. Richard Nisbett and his colleagues have found that people who grow up in different cultures do not just think about dif- ferent things: they think differently nk that everybody uses categories in the same way, that logic plays the same kind of role for every- one in the understanding of everyday life, that memory, perception, rule application and so on are the same," Dr. Nisbett said. "But we're now arguing that cognitive processes themselves are just far more malleable than mainstream psychology assumed."Mark each statement T (true) or F (false). 1, People think about different things depending on where they live. 2. People all think in the same way. . A social psychologist has come up with a new idea about how we think. 3. 4, Logic is the same in every culture.