TIE

INTERNAL FORCE

EXTERNAL FORCE

∑Mc = 0 (FHG × CG) + (9 × CD) - (RE × 20) = 0

STRUT

A number of different techniques can be used to determine the forces in the members.
Joint analysis: This is based on considering the equilibrium of each joint in turn and using the free- body diagram for
each joint.
Method of sections: The free-body diagram considered is for a portion of the framework to one side or the other of a cut
section. The forces in the members cut by the section are included in the free-body diagram. Application of the equations
of equilibrium will solve the unknown forces in the cut section. This

CG = FX = 10 tan 30° = 5.774

CD = DE = FE / cos 30°

FE = EX / cos 30° = 11.547 m

CD = 11 547 / cos 30° = 13.333 m

RE = (9 + 12 + 12 ) / 2 = 15 kN

Hence (FHG × 5.774) + (9 × 13.333) - (15 × 20) = 0

FHG = 31.17

provides an analytical solution and is most useful when requiring the answers for one or two members only.

Example 6.8

12 kN
2

9 kN

9 kN

12 kN

9 kN

HGF
2 E

BCD
RE
 HG F

A E Take section 2-2.

30°

10 m

30°

10 m 10 m 10 m ( all 30°, 60°, 90° triangle)

30°

HC = FE = 11.547 (FBH × 11.547) + (9 × 13.333)

- (15 × 20) = 0 FBH = 15.59 kN

It can therefore be seen that FGH and FBH must be clockwise to have equilibrium about point C. The

30°

Find the forces and their direction in the members BH and HG by using the method of sections.

30°

members GH and HB are therefore in tension.

Mechanics of Materials

30°

12 kN
1

G F

30°
9 kN

E RE

30°

Direct stress
When a force is transmitted through a body, the body tends to change its shape. Although these deformations are seldom
visible to the naked eye, the many fibres or particles that make up the body transmit the force throughout the length and
section of the body, and the fibres doing this work are said to be in a state of stress. Thus, a stress may be described as a
mobilized internal reaction that resists any tendency towards deformation. As the effect of the force is distributed over the
cross-