DATA MINING TECHNIQUES IN COGINITIVE RADIO
NETWORK FOR SMART HOME ENVIRONMENT
Ms. M. Monisha, Assistant professor,
Department of ECE, Vels Institute of
Science, Technology and Advanced Studies,
(VISTAS), Chennai-600117.
Dr. V. RAJENDRAN, Professor/Director,
Department of ECE, Vels Institute of
Science, Technology and Advanced Studies,
(VISTAS), Chennai-600117.
Abstract:
Wireless communication technology
today covers a wide array of applications.
The rapid development in wireless
technology has made the frequency spectrum
a traffic resource. The best way to solve the
problem of spectrum traffic is Cognitive
Engine (Cognitive Radio-CR). Cognitive
Radio takes care of the spectrum utilization
issue and to detect the radio condition to
distinguish range gaps in term of both time
and space. When the Primary user (PU) not
present, the Secondary user (SU) can use the
frequency spectrum. The main objectives of
this project is to minimize the level secondary
user interference, energy efficiency, traffic
density, to increase the throughput, packet
delivery ratio and spectrum efficiency. The
architecture is been proposed by collection of
Smart Home Environment database is trained
via Data Mining (Artificial Neural Network-
ANN) techniques for dynamic processing of
spectrum handovers. Spectrum allocation is
done by supervised Fuzzy K-means & Fuzzy
C-means clustering algorithms for
performing dynamic spectrum sensing. This
paper centers around learning and thinking
highlights of Cognitive radio (CR) by
Magesh S, UG scholar, Department of ECE,
Vels Institute of Science, Technology and
Advanced Studies, (VISTAS), Chennai-
600117.
Sathish Kumar B, UG scholar, Department
of ECE, Vels Institute of Science,
Technology and Advanced Studies,
(VISTAS), Chennai-600117.
investigating primary user (PU) and
secondary user (SU) information
correspondence utilizing Smart Home
Environment database separately.
Keywords: Wireless communication
technology, Cognitive Radio, Spectrum
traffic, Data Mining, ANN, Fuzzy clustering
& Spectrum sensing.
1. Introduction:
Cognitive Radio (CR) is utilized to
tackle the range underutilization issue and to
detect the spectrum condition to identify
range gaps as far as both time and area.
Cognitive radio innovation improves
spectrum productivity by permitting the low-
priority secondary user (SU) to
entrepreneurially abuse the unused
authorized spectrum of the high-priority
primary user (PU). Cognitive Radio
encourages proficient use of the radio
spectrum gaps by secondary user and in
giving a standard and steady correspondence
for all clients in the system. A client can
profit productive assistance accessibility by
legitimate versatility the board.
Cognitive radio is transmission system that
adapts it transmit parameters considering the
interaction with the environment where it
operates. A cognitive radio (CR) possess
special skill to acquire and sends information
like bandwidth, transmission frequency,
modulation, power, etc. In additional to it
switches the operational parameters for
optimal performance according to the
environment.
Cognitive Radio (CR) is a novel technology
that focuses on a software-defined radio
platform that evolves a comprehensive
reconfigurable wireless transceiver which
automatically adapts itself depending on the
user demands by reconfiguring
communication parameters to radio
environment and its process is defined.
Standard AI techniques are useful for the
learning process in CR and are illustrated in
Fig. 1.
• Software defined radio (SDR) are
computationally intelligent devices
responsible in decision making and learning
mechanism necessary for adaptation problem
in spectrum management.
• Knowledge base helps retain SDR data
and allow communication device to evaluate
quality of its past actions that are or were to
be executed.
• Learning engine and reasoning engine
will always update the decision making based
on the previous action taken and is
responsible for wields experience and
accumulates all previous history in the
knowledge-base for prospect reference that is
a key aspect of cognition cycle.
1.1 Spectrum sensing:
Spectrum sensing is the main function in
cognitive radio. During this process, the
unused spectrum is detected and it is being
used opportunistically. In spectrum
management, cognitive radio selects the
channel after detecting the spectrum holes
and the channel is selected based on the
requirement of user communication. In
spectrum mobility, whenever the licensed
user is not using the spectrum the lower
priority spectrum seamlessly moves to
available vacant channel.

2. Proposed Methods:
3. Methodology:
In wireless environment, most users
follow their regular routine throughout
operating days. It is easy to extract the
wireless database and as well as energy
consumption database. This database has to
trained as the proper validated dataset before
implement in cognitive radio engine. To train
the information details Data Mining
technique is used, Artificial Neural Network
is one of the data mining technique. In
Cognitive Radio Engine the most familiar
algorithms are been used i) Fuzzy K-means
& ii) Fuzzy C-means Clustering algorithms is
executed. The proposed system is to improve
the efficiency of spectrum utilization and
energy efficiency.

2.1 K-MEANS CLASSIFICATION

ALGORITHM:
K-mean classification is a clustering
method of vector quantization which is
popular for cluster analysis. It aims to
partition and observations into k clusters in
which ends observation belongs to cluster Fig.2 Systematic Diagram
with nearest mean serving as a prototype of
The above Fig. 2 shows that the
cluster. This results in portioning of data cognitive radio algorithms implementation.
space and minimizes within cluster variances. In this process it has 5 steps.

• Dataset of Smart Home Environment.

• ANN training.
• Cognitive radio Implementation.
• Clustering Algorithms.
• Validation / Parameters.
3.1 Datasets:
In wireless environment, most users
follow their regular routine throughout
operating days. It is easy to extract the
wireless database like primary and secondary
nodes allocation, usage of bandwidth, energy
consumption, packet loss ratio, spectrum
usage, etc.
3.2 ANN training:
Artificial Neural Network (ANN), it
is network which every node is
interconnected with each other. This
connectionist system is inspired by biological
neural networks. Artificial neuron is been
described as collection of connected nodes. It
can transmit signal to other nodes. It also
receives a signal from a neighbor node which
interlink connected to it. The specify goal of
ANN is to solve the problem as like the
human brain.
Fig. 3 Architecture of ANN
3.3 Algorithms:
Algorithms classification which we
use in this application for clustering is Fuzzy
K-means and Fuzzy C-means clustering
algorithms. Fuzzy clustering is defined as
each node can belong to more than one
cluster. It allocates a cluster head in a group
of nodes is called primary node and other
interlink nodes are called secondary nodes.
These cluster head are connected to a channel
called cognitive radio engine. Clusters are
identified via similarity measures. These
similarity measures intensity, distance and
connectivity.
3.4 Parameters:
The objective of this application we
measure several parameters. There are listed
below,
• Throughput.
• Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR).
• Energy Efficiency.
• Spectrum Utilization.
4. Simulation Results:
Fig.4.1 Dataset Trained by ANN
The above Fig.4.1 shows that the raw dataset
is been trained using ANN.

Fig.5.3 Simulation Analysis with 20dB

The above Fig.5.1, 5.2 & 5.3 shows that,

Fig.4.2Validation Performance
Combination of matched filter detection and
Fuzzy K-Means clustering based spectrum
The above Fig.4.2 shows the Validation
analysis for different SNR levels.
Performance of the epoch is trained and ready
to implement in cognitive engine.

Fig.5.1 Simulation Analysis with 0dB

Fig.6.1 Probability of Detection

Fig.6.1 shows, Probability of Detection PD is

the ratio of detected aims to the number of all
possible blibs on the radar screen.

PD = Detected targets . 100%

Sum of all possible blibs

Fig.5.2 Simulation Analysis with 10dB

 Fig.6.2 Spectral Efficiency Analysis
Fig.6.2 shows, It is a measure of the quantity
of user or service that can be limited ratio
frequency bandwidth in a define geographic
area.
Fig.6.3 Packet Delivery Ratio
Fig.6.3 shows, The Packet delivery ratio is
the ratio of packets successfully received to
the total sent.
PDR = No of Packets Received
No of Packets Sent
Fig. 17 Throughput
Fig. 17 Shows Throughput is the rate at
which a data or a message can be processed.
Throughput is the rate of message or a data
delivered over a transmission media. Units of
throughput is bits per seconds(bps) and
sometimes in packet per seconds(pps).
Number of packets received
Throughput = -------------------------------------
Simulation time
5. Conclusions:
The proposed method of data mining
technique in cognitive radio network for
home area network is competent of learning
the active environment. The simulation
results focus on the efficiency of the
spectrum utilization is reliable and the level
of secondary user interface is minimized,
increase in energy efficiency and throughput,
packet delay ratio is decreased. In this way,
the contrived methodology is considerably
heartier than the regular methodology.
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