VECTOR

VECTOR

1 . SCALAR AND VECTOR QUANTITIES

The physical quantities are two types : scalar and vector.
1.1 Scaler quantities : The quantities which have only magnitude, and no direction, are called ‘scalar quan-
tities’, e.g. mass, distance, time, speed, volume, density, pressure, work, energy, power, charge, electric
current, temperature, potential, specific heat, frequency etc.
1.2 Vector quantities : Certain quantities have both magnitude and direction, e.g. position, displacement,
velocity, acceleration, force, weight, momentum, impulse, electric field, magnetic field, current density,
etc. Such quantities are called ‘vector quantities’
2. TYPES OF VECTOR
(a) Polar - Vectors : have starting point (like displacement) or a point of application (like force)
Ex. 0 A
nt
(b) Axial - Vectors : Rotational effects are represented by axial vectors. They are eme
c
along axis of rotation, direction denoted by right hand thumb rule or right hand screw is pla
O θ D
rule.
Starting
Ex. Angular displacement, angular velocity, torque, angular momentum. point

3. SOME OTHER TYPES OF VECTOR

[a] Negative of a vector : It has direction just opposite to given vector and have same magnitude fig.(a)

fig. (a) fig. (b) fig. (c) fig. (d)

[b] Zero vector or null vector : A vector will zero magnitude having no specific direction is called zero
vector fig.(b)
→ →
(i) Multiplying a vector by zero. i.e. 0( A ) = 0
→ → →
(ii) By adding a negative vector to the given vector. A + ( − A ) = 0

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