CLASS 03 GUIDE 

 
In this class, we are going to cover the following topics: 
● Arithmetic Expression. 
● Assigning arithmetic expression and their result to variables. 
 
ARITHMETIC EXPRESSIONS: 
Arithmetic Expressions are simple mathematical expressions. There are 5 arithmetic expressions in 
Programming: 
1. Addition → + 
2. Subtraction → - 
3. Multiplication → * 
4. Division → / 
5. Finding the Remainder (Using Modulus) → % 
 
Note: You need to store the results of the above expressions in a variable. For example: 
int chicken = 6 + 7; (which will hold 13 for you inside the chicken variable) 
double duck = 8.0 + 9.0; (which will hold 17.000000 for you inside the duck variable) 
int x = 8 * 7; (which will hold 56 for you inside the x variable) 
double y = 9.0 * 10.0; (You know the drill......) 
int mouse = 10 - 5;  
 
 
 
Division: 
Division in C programming is a bit different. There are two types of division in C: 
1. Decimal Point Division (The normal Division that we do in our everyday life). 
2. Integer Division. 
 
Decimal Point Division: 
Decimal Point Division is the normal division that you guys do in the math classes. For example: 
The answer of 5 divided by 2 would be 2.500000, 4 divided by 3 would be 1.333333 
 
Note: In programming, the decimal points are printed to 6 decimal places. 
 
How do you tell C that it is going to be a decimal point division? 
There are 2 conditions: 
1. The data type of the variable should be double. 
2. One of the numbers should have a decimal point. 
 
Example 01: 
double netflix = 5.0/2; (which will hold 2.500000 for you inside the netflix variable) 
Example 02: 
double hulu = 8/4.0; (which will hold 2.000000 for you inside the hulu variable) 
 
Example 03: 
double hbo = 8.0/4.0; (which will hold 2.000000 for you inside the hbo variable) 
 
Warning: double x = 8/2; won’t work → the result would be 4 instead of 4.000000. 
 
Integer Division: 
integer Division is the normal division without the decimal points. For example: 
The answer of 5 divided by 2 would be 2 instead of 2.5, 4 divided by 3 would be 1 instead of 
1.33333, 1/2 would be 0 instead of 0.50. You just omit the decimal part 
  
Example 01: 
int netflix = 5/2; (which will hold 2 for you inside the netflix variable) 
 
Assigning arithmetic expression and their result to variables: 
 
Simple arithmetic expressions: 
int x = 10 + 6; 
The variable x will now contain 16 inside it. 
 
Complex arithmetic expressions: 
int x = 10 + 6 - 10 / 4 * (4 * 2); 
The variable x will now contain 0 inside it. Let’s break it down: 
 
C also follows the BODMAS (PEMDAS in America) rule for math.  
The expression inside the brackets is evaluated first → (4 * 2) which becomes 8. Now the expression 
becomes:  
10 + 6 - 10 / 4 * 8; 
Next comes the division. Remember this is the integer division as the data type is int. So the value 
of 10 / 4 would be 2 instead of 2.500000. The expression now becomes: 
10 + 6 - 2 * 8; 
You know the rest: 
10 + 6 - 16; 
16 -16; 
0 
Hence the value of x is 0. 
 
 
 
 
 
You can also store values in variables and do arithmetic expressions with them: 
For example: 
int x = 9; 
int y = 10; 
int z = x + y; 
z will now have the value 19 stored inside it. 
Another example would be: 
int x = 10; 
int z = x + 5; 
The above is also valid. As you have guessed z has the value 15 in it. The breakdown would be: 
Take the value of x and add 5 to it and then assign the added value to z. 
 
Doing arithmetic expressions and assigning it to the same variable: 
 
Suppose you have the following value in a variable: 
int x = 19; 
Now you want to add 10 to x and still store it into x. How would you do that? It’s very simple: 
x = x + 10; 
Let’s break it down: 
So it goes like this. C always evaluates the right-hand side of the expression first that is it evaluates 
the x + 10 first then goes to the left. In short, the order of operation is always from right to left 
(unlesssssssssssssss BODMAS is applied in the rule). So in the above expression, C sees it like 
this: take the current value of x (which is 19) and add 10 to it. After that assign the new value 
(which is 29) to x (the left side of the =). So now, x contains 29 instead of 19. 
For you to try: try printing the value of x before and after adding 10. 
 
The Modulo Operator for finding remainders → % : 
Every programming language has a special arithmetic operator named modulo denote by %. 
The modulo operator is used to find the remainders of a division. For example, if you divide 5 by 2 
the remainder is 1; if you divide the 100 by 34 the remainder is 32. 
 
Note: All remainders are of int datatype. 
 
How to do it in C? 
int x = 5 % 2; 
The value of x would be 1. 
 
Example 02: 
int x = 100 % 34; 
The value of x would be 32. 
 
 
 
Example 03: 
int x = 4; 
int y = x % 2; 
The value of x has not changed so it is still 4 but the value of y is 0 as the remainder of 4 divided by 
2 is 0. 
 
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