1.

New Raw Water Rising Main

1.1 Design basis
Transmission capacity: 16,000 m3/d
Length: about 280 m, take 300m
Start point and ending point: starting at the new pumping station outlet , ending point is at the two new
clarifiers.

1.2 Diameter of pipe

We choose DN400 as raising main pipe , DN300 as branch pipe near to new clarifier.
Velocity of DN400 rising main: 16,000 m3/d ÷24÷3600÷3.14÷0.22=1.47 m/s.
Velocity of DN300 branch pipe: 16,000 m3/d ÷24÷3600÷2÷3.14÷0.152=1.31 m/s.

1.3 Static Mixer

The adopted mixing method is use static mixer. The main parameters are as follows
G: 400 s-1 or above
T: Hydraulic detention time: 5 s in mixer and at least 25 s in the following pipe before entering
the clarifier.
Velocity of DN300 branch pipe: 16,000 m3/d ÷24÷3600÷2÷3.14÷0.152=1.31 m/s
Therefor the length of pipe after mixer is:
L=25×1.31=32.75m take 35m as design.
2. Lamella Clarifier (New Proposed)
As shown in the drawings, the flocculation tanks and the sedimentation tanks are combined in
one structure. The raw water is split into four (4) equal flows, one for each of sedimentation
tanks, two (2) lines with two (2) units each. There are twe (2) compartments for flocculation,
where the first one (1) have lamella flocculation .
Capacity: 16,000m3/d＝ 666.67 m3/h = 0.185m3/s

2.1 General layout

The clarifier is divided into 2 independent lines. The general layout is rectangle arrangement with water trough. Inlet
pipe is located at the bottom of tank.
Choose layout of 5,000x10,000 mm for each tank, height of about 8m. this area is acceptable in the existing settling
tank.
3 sludge collecting zone is designed at the bottom of tank, evenly arranged.
The height of sludge is 2m and pit is designed to keep excellent sludge discharge performance.

2.2 Inlet water distribution

Inlet pipe is about the length of 5m, there are 2 inlet pipe for each tank. In order to ensure inlet water evenly
distributed in this area, perforated pipe is adopted. The velocity of >3m/s to each perforated pipe opening can meet
the requirements.
The open area for each tank:
ST= 0.185 m3/s÷2÷3m/s=0.0308m2
The diameter of each opening is 17mm, 45°bilateral arrangement 。Distance between opening choose 150mm, there
makes 29 holes in one pipe. There are 2 pipe in one tank.
Check area Sd=29*2*2*3.14*0.00852=0.026 < 0.0308, (OK, velocity is bigger than 3m/s)

2.3 Flocculation
2.3.1 Design criteria
There are total 2 lines of flocculation, each of which comprises 2 flocculation zones and 1 buffer
zone.
2.3.2 Design Layout
The main parameters:
the flocculation zone: the dimension: 5.0 m×1.30 m, 1.6 m deep for each unit, 4 in total ；
the buffer zone: the dimension: 5.0 m×10.0 m, 3.65 m deep for each unit, 2 in total ；
Water flows upwards in sequence through the flocculation zone and buffer zone.
2.3.3 Hydraulic Detention Time
Hydraulic detention time is calculated as follows:
Water flow is 0.185 m3/s
The main parameters:
The flocculation zone: by hydraulic flocculation
One unit size: B×L×H= 1300×5000×1600 ,there are 4 unit in total
Detention time Td= V/Q =2×2×（5×1.3×1.6）÷ 0.185 m3/s=224.8s=3.7min
The buffer zone: by hydraulic flocculation
One unit size: B×L×H= 10,000×5000×3650, there are 2 unit in total
Detention time Td= V/Q =2×（5×10×3.65）÷ 0.185 m3/s=1973s=33min
Total detention time is 38min

2.3.4 Value of G
Calculation of the value of G in flocculation zone:
P
= ρμV
gQh
G= μV √ √ = gh√ νT =93.1s-1
GT=93.1×224=20854
The head loss of water go through flocculation zone is taken as 0.2m.
P: diffused energy [kW]
P=ρ gQh
h: total head loss 0.2 m [m]
μ: kinetic viscosity [Pa·s]
μ= ρν
when temperature is 20℃ ， ν =1.0105×10-6 [m2/s]
V: volume [m3]
V=QT
g: gravity acceleration 9.81 [m/s2]
T: hydraulic detention time 224 [ｓ]
ρ : density of water 1,000 [kg/m 3 ]
Calculation of the value of G in buffer zone:
P
G= μV √ = ρμV
√ gQh
= √ gh
νT =31.4s-1
GT=31.4×1973=61952
The head loss of water go through buffer zone is taken as 0.2m.
P: diffused energy [kW]
P=ρ gQh
h: total head loss 0.2 m [m]
μ: kinetic viscosity [Pa·s]
μ= ρν
 when temperature is 20℃ ， ν =1.0105×10-6 [m2/s]
V: volume [m3]
V=QT
g: gravity acceleration 9.81 [m/s2]
T: hydraulic detention time 1973 [ｓ]
ρ : density of water 1,000 [kg/m 3 ]

2.4 Sedimentation
2.4.1 Design Criteria
There are two units of sedimentation tank. The water flow in each tank is 0.185/2 = 0.0925 m 3/s
The dimension of settlement tank is B×L= 4.3m×5m in single unit, there are 4 unit in total.

2.4.2 Calculations
Flow in sedimentation tank: Q = 0.185 m3/s=666.67m3/h
Area for sedimentation: A = 4.3×4×5 = 86m2
So: The surface loading adopted: υsa = 666.67/86=7.75m3/m2/hr =2mm/s < 6 mm/s，OK
PVC Lamella plate: food grade, 2.5~3.0mm thickness, height: 1200mm, lamella interval: 27mm; inclined angle:
60°.

2.4.3 Clarifier Heights

The height for sludge pit H1=2m,
The height for buffer zone H2=3.65m
The height for lamella zone H3=1.2×cos30°=0.866m
The height for buttress beam H4=0.1m
The height above lamella plate H5=1.2m
The height for dryness H6=0.3m
So the total height of clarifier is
H=ΣHi=2+3.65+0.866+0.1+1.2+0.3=8.11 design take 8.15m the bottom of tank is 1135.000, the top level is
1143.150m

2.4.4 Water Collecting Trough

In order to collect water evenly on the top of lamella plate, there should be several group of water collection trough.
The width of tank is 5m, assume 3 trough is settled, the distance is about 5/3=1.67m
Take 1.65 as design parameter.
Water travel distance between troughs is 1.65/2=0.825m < 1.2m (water depth above lamella plate) OK
Water load of trough:
Unit length is 4.3m, 2 side water collecting, and 12 troughs in total
Choose B×H=200×400 ,
L=Q/L=666.67m3/h/(4.3×2×12)=6.45m3/m/h=155m3/m/d
Unit trough flow velocity V=6.45×4.3/(0.2×0.2)=0.193m/s

2.4.5 Outlet Weir

There are 4 waterfall weirs, each of which is 0.8 m in width.
q = 1.84H1.5 (for a rectangular, sharp edged overflow)
Where:
q: quantity of water per meter width 0.185/4/0.8= 0.058 [m 3/m/s]
H: water depth above weir [m]
Trying 0.096 m
q = 1.84×0.0961.5
= 0.054 m3/m/s almost equal to 0.058[m3/m/s]
So the water depth above weir is 0.096 m.