NEUROGLIA

Presented By-
DR AHM MOSTAFA KAMAL
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 NEUROGLIA
 Neuroglial cells are non excitable cells.

 They are generally smaller than the neuron.

 Neuroglia outnumber neurons by about 10:1 in the Central
Nervous System.
 They comprise about half of the total volume of the brain and
spinal cord.

 Neuroglia - Cells that provide metabolic support and immune

protection for neurons.

 Neuroglia do not generate or conduct nerve impulses.

 However, unlike neurons, glial cells can regenerate if injured

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 Types of Neuroglia

 Neuroglia are categorized into six subtypes.

 Four of them are present in the CNS:
1) Astrocyte
2) Oligodendrocyte
3) Microglia
4) Ependymal cell
 Two of them are present in the PNS:
1) Satellite cell
2) Schwann cell

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 Types of Neuroglia

Neuroglia : 6 Types

Neuroglia in CNS
Neuroglia in PNS

B. Microglia 1. Satellite cells

A. Macroglia
3 types 2. Schwann cells
1. Astrocytes
2. Oligodendrocyte
3. Ependymal cells

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Types of Neuroglia

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 NEUROGLIA in CNS

DEFINITION:
The neurons of CNS are supported by neuroglia, which
are non excitable cells and smaller then neurons.
TYPES:

1. Astrocytes

2. Oligodendrocyte

3. Microglia

4. Ependyma
 ASTROCYTE
TYPES:
A. Fibrous astrocyte in white  Location : White matter
matter:  Functions:
Structure: a) Provide supporting
– Small cell bodies framework,
– Long slender b) are electrical insulators,
processes c) limit spread of
– Cytoplasmic neurotransmitters,
filament d) take up K+ ions
– Perivascular feet

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 ASTROCYTE
B. Protoplasmic astrocytes in gray
matter:
Structure:
• Small cell bodies
• Short thick processes
• Many branches
• Few cytoplasmic filaments
• Perivascular feet
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 Location : Gray matter
 Functions:
a) Store glycogen,
b) have a phagocytic function,
c) take place of dead neurons,
d) are a conduit for
metabolites or raw
materials,
e) produce trophic substances
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NEUROGLIA

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 OLIGODENDROCYTES

Structure: Function:
 Small cell bodies a) Form myelin in CNS
b) Influence biochemistry
 Few delicate processes of neurons
 No cytoplasmic filaments
Location:
 In rows along
myelinated nerve
 Surrounding neuron
cell bodies

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 MICROGLIA
 Structure:
 Smallest of neuroglial
cells,
 wavy branches with
spines
 Location:
 Scattered throughout
CNS.
 FUNCTION:
 Are inactive in normal
CNS, proliferate in disease
and phagocytosis, joined
by blood monocytes

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 EPENDYMA
a) Ependymocytes
a) Location: Line ventricles,
central canal
b) Functions:
 Circulate CSF,
 absorb CSF
b) Tanycytes
a) Location: Line floor of third
ventricle
b) Functions:
 Transport substances from
CSF to hypophyseal-portal
system
c) Choroidal epithelial cells
a) Location: Cover surfaces of
choroid plexuses
b) Functions:
 Produce and secrete CSF

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 NEUROGLIA in PNS
Two types :
1) Satellite cells
2) Schwann cells

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 NEUROGLIA in PNS
 Satellite cells function to  Schwann cells wrap
provide nutrients and themselves around the axons
protection to neurons in the of neurons in the PNS.
PNS.
 A satellite glial cell wraps
itself around the neuron’s
cell body.
 The cell body is a rounded
section that contains the  The Schwann cell forms a
nucleus and other key protective layer called the
organelles common to most myelin sheath – this operates
somatic cells. like the insulated coating on
electrical wiring. Without it,
the electrical signal can be
disrupted, slowed or stopped
altogether.
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THANK YOU ALL

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