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    Pinescript

    Uploaded by

    Lamine Sahraoui
    The document describes various arithmetic, logical, and comparison operators that can be used in Pine Script. It provides the operator symbol, what it represents, the types of expressions it can be applied to, and what type of value it returns. It also gives examples of how each operator can be used. Key operators covered include: !=, %, *, +, -, /, <, <=, ==, >, >=, ?:, [], and, or, not, if, for, var. The document also lists and describes built-in Pine Script variables like bar_index, bar, and others.

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    Pinescript

    Uploaded by

    Lamine Sahraoui
    2K views107 pages
    The document describes various arithmetic, logical, and comparison operators that can be used in Pine Script. It provides the operator symbol, what it represents, the types of expressions it can be applied to, and what type of value it returns. It also gives examples of how each operator can be used. Key operators covered include: !=, %, *, +, -, /, <, <=, ==, >, >=, ?:, [], and, or, not, if, for, var. The document also lists and describes built-in Pine Script variables like bar_index, bar, and others.

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    pinescript

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    The document describes various arithmetic, logical, and comparison operators that can be used in Pine Script. It provides the operator symbol, what it represents, the types of expressions it can be applied to, and what type of value it returns. It also gives examples of how each operator can be used. Key operators covered include: !=, %, *, +, -, /, <, <=, ==, >, >=, ?:, [], and, or, not, if, for, var. The document also lists and describes built-in Pine Script variables like bar_index, bar, and others.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    2K views107 pages

    Pinescript

    Uploaded by

    Lamine Sahraoui
    The document describes various arithmetic, logical, and comparison operators that can be used in Pine Script. It provides the operator symbol, what it represents, the types of expressions it can be applied to, and what type of value it returns. It also gives examples of how each operator can be used. Key operators covered include: !=, %, *, +, -, /, <, <=, ==, >, >=, ?:, [], and, or, not, if, for, var. The document also lists and describes built-in Pine Script variables like bar_index, bar, and others.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 107

    !

    =
    Not equal to. Applicable to expressions of any type.
    expr1 != expr2
    RETURNS
    Boolean value, or series of boolean values.
    %
    Modulo (integer remainder). Applicable to numerical expressions.
    expr1 % expr2
    RETURNS
    Integer or float value, or series of values
    *
    Multiplication. Applicable to numerical expressions.
    expr1 * expr2
    RETURNS
    Integer or float value, or series of values
    +
    Addition or unary plus. Applicable to numerical expressions or strings.
    expr1 + expr2
    + expr
    RETURNS
    Binary `+` for strings returns concatenation of expr1 and expr2
    For numbers returns integer or float value, or series of values:
    Binary `+` returns expr1 plus expr2.
    Unary `+` returns expr (does nothing added just for the symmetry with the unary - operator).
    REMARKS
    You may use arithmetic operators with numbers as well as with series variables. In case of
    usage with series the operators are applied elementwise.
    -
    Subtraction or unary minus. Applicable to numerical expressions.
    expr1 - expr2
    - expr
    RETURNS
    Returns integer or float value, or series of values:
    Binary `-` returns expr1 minus expr2.
    Unary `-` returns the negation of expr.
    REMARKS
    You may use arithmetic operators with numbers as well as with series variables. In case of
    usage with series the operators are applied elementwise.
    /
    Division. Applicable to numerical expressions.
    expr1 / expr2
    RETURNS
    Integer or float value, or series of values
    <
    Less than. Applicable to numerical expressions.
    expr1 < expr2
    RETURNS
    Boolean value, or series of boolean values.
    <=
    Less than or equal to. Applicable to numerical expressions.
    expr1 <= expr2
    RETURNS
    Boolean value, or series of boolean values.
    ==
    Equal to. Applicable to expressions of any type.
    expr1 == expr2
    RETURNS
    Boolean value, or series of boolean values.
    >
    Greater than. Applicable to numerical expressions.
    expr1 > expr2
    RETURNS
    Boolean value, or series of boolean values.
    >=
    Greater than or equal to. Applicable to numerical expressions.
    expr1 >= expr2
    RETURNS
    Boolean value, or series of boolean values.
    ?:
    Ternary conditional operator.
    expr1 ? expr2 : expr3
    EXAMPLE

    // Draw circles at the bars where open crosses close

    s2 = cross(open, close) ? avg(open,close) : na

    plot(s2, style=plot.style_circles, linewidth=2, color=color.red)

    // Combination of ?: operators for 'switch'-like logic

    c = timeframe.isintraday ? color.red : timeframe.isdaily ? color.green :


    timeframe.isweekly ? color.blue : color.gray
    plot(hl2, color=c)
    RETURNS
    expr2 if expr1 is evaluated to true, expr3 otherwise. Zero value (0 and also NaN, +Infinity,
    -Infinity) is considered to be false, any other value is true.
    REMARKS
    Use na for 'else' branch if you do not need it.
    You can combine two or more ?: operators to achieve 'switch'-like statement effect (see
    examples below).
    You may use arithmetic operators with numbers as well as with series variables. In case of
    usage with series the operators are applied elementwise.
    SEE ALSO
    iffna
    []
    Series subscript. Provides access to previous values of series expr1. expr2 is the number of bars
    back, and must be numerical. Floats will be rounded down.
    expr1[expr2]
    EXAMPLE

    // [] can be used to "save" variable value between bars

    a = 0.0 // declare `a`

    a := a[1] // immediately set current value to the same as previous. `na` in the beginning of
    history

    if high == low // if some condition - change `a` value to another


    a := low
    RETURNS
    A series of values
    SEE ALSO
    floor
    and
    Logical AND. Applicable to boolean expressions.
    expr1 and expr2
    RETURNS
    Boolean value, or series of boolean values.
    for
    For statement allows to execute a number of instructions repeatedly.
    To have access to and use the for statement, one should specify the version >= 2 of Pine Script
    language in the very first line of code, for example: //@version=4
    var_declarationX = for counter = from_num to to_num [by step_num]
      var_decl0
      var_decl1
      …
      continue
      …
      break
      …
      var_declN
      return_expression
    where:
    counter - a variable, loop counter.
    from_num - start value of the counter
    to_num - end value of the counter. When the counter becomes greater than to_num (or less
    than to_num in case from_num > to_num) the loop is broken.
    step_num - loop step. Can be omitted (in the case loop step = 1). If from_num is greater than
    to_num loop step will change direction automatically, no need to specify negative numbers.
    var_decl0, … var_declN, return_expression - body of the loop. It must be shifted by 4 spaces
    or 1 tab.
    return_expression - returning value. When a loop is finished or broken, the returning value is
    given to the var_declarationX.
    continue - a keyword. Can be used only in loops. It switches the loop to next iteration.
    break - a keyword. Can be used only in loops. It breaks the loop.
    EXAMPLE

    //@version=4

    study("My sma")

    my_sma(price, length) =>

    sum = price

    for i = 1 to length-1

    sum := sum + price[i]

    sum / length
    plot(my_sma(close,14))
    REMARKS
    Variable ‘sum’ is a mutable variable and a new value can be given to it by an operator := in
    body of the loop. Also note that we recommend to use a built-in function sma for Moving
    Average as it calculates faster.
    SEE ALSO
    sum
    if
    If statement defines what block of statements must be executed when conditions of the
    expression are satisfied.
    To have access to and use the if statement, one should specify the version >= 2 of Pine Script
    language in the very first line of code, for example: //@version=4
    General code form:
    var_declarationX = if condition
      var_decl_then0
      var_decl_then1
      …
      var_decl_thenN
    else
      var_decl_else0
      var_decl_else1
      …
      var_decl_elseN
      return_expression_else
    where
    var_declarationX — this variable gets the value of the if statement
    condition — if the condition is true, the logic from the block then (var_decl_then0,
    var_decl_then1, etc) is used, if the condition is false, the logic from the block ‘else’
    (var_decl_else0, var_decl_else1, etc) is used.
    return_expression_then, return_expression_else — the last expression from the block then
    or from the block else will return the final value of the statement. If declaration of the
    variable is in the end, its value will be the result.
    The type of returning value of the if statement depends on return_expression_then and
    return_expression_else type (their types must match: it is not possible to return an integer
    value from then, while you have a string value in else block).
    EXAMPLE

    // This code compiles

    x = if close > open

    close

    else

    open

    // This code doesn’t compile

    else

    x = if close > open

    close

    else
    "open"
    It is possible to omit the else block. In this case if the condition is false, an “empty” value (na,
    or false, or “”) will be assigned to the var_declarationX variable.:
    EXAMPLE

    x = if close > open

    close

    // If current close > current open, then x = close.


    // Otherwise the x = na.
    The blocks “then” and “else” are shifted by 4 spaces. If statements can include each other, +4
    spaces:
    EXAMPLE

    x = if close > open

    b = if close > close[1]

    close

    else

    close[1]
    b

    else
    open
    It is possible to ignore the resulting value of an if statement (“var_declarationX=“ can be
    omited). It may be useful if you need the side effect of the expression, for example in strategy
    trading:
    EXAMPLE

    if (crossover(source, lower))

    strategy.entry("BBandLE", strategy.long, stop=lower,

    oca_name="BollingerBands",

    oca_type=strategy.oca.cancel, comment="BBandLE")

    else
    strategy.cancel(id="BBandLE")
    not
    Logical negation (NOT). Applicable to boolean expressions.
    not expr1
    RETURNS
    Boolean value, or series of boolean values.
    or
    Logical OR. Applicable to boolean expressions.
    expr1 or expr2
    RETURNS
    Boolean value, or series of boolean values.
    var
    var is the keyword used for assigning and one-time initializing of the variable.
    Normally, a syntax of assignment of variables, which doesn’t include the keyword var, results
    in the value of the variable being overwritten with every update of the data. Contrary to that,
    when assigning variables with the keyword var, they can “keep the state” despite the data
    updating, only changing it when conditions within if-expressions are met.
    Available starting from version 4.
    var variable_name = expression
    where:
    variable_name - any name of the user’s variable that’s allowed in Pine Script (can contain
    capital and lowercase Latin characters, numbers, and underscores (_), but can’t start with a
    number).
    expression - any arithmetic expression, just as with defining a regular variable. The expression
    will be calculated and assigned to a variable once.
    EXAMPLE

    //@version=4

    study("Var keyword example")


    var a = close

    var b = 0.0

    var c = 0.0

    var green_bars_count = 0

    if close > open

    var x = close

    b := x

    green_bars_count := green_bars_count + 1

    if green_bars_count >= 10

    var y = close

    c := y

    plot(a)

    plot(b)
    plot(c)
    The variable ‘a‘ keeps the closing price of the first bar for each bar in the series.
    The variable ‘b‘ keeps the closing price of the first “green” bar in the series.
    The variable ‘c‘ keeps the closing price of the tenth “green” bar in the series.
    Built-In Variables
    accdist
    Accumulation/distribution index.
    TYPE
    float
    adjustment.dividends
    Constant for dividends adjustment type (dividends adjustment is applied).
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    adjustment.noneadjustment.splitstickerid
    adjustment.none
    Constant for none adjustment type (no adjustment is applied).
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    adjustment.splitsadjustment.dividendstickerid
    adjustment.splits
    Constant for splits adjustment type (splits adjustment is applied).
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    adjustment.noneadjustment.dividendstickerid
    bar_index
    Current bar index. Numbering is zero-based, index of the first bar is 0.
    TYPE
    integer
    EXAMPLE

    plot(bar_index)
    plot(bar_index > 5000 ? close : 0)
    REMARKS
    Note that bar_index has replaced n variable in version 4.
    barmerge.gaps_off
    Merge strategy for requested data. Data is merged continuously without gaps, all the gaps are
    filled with the previous nearest existing value.
    TYPE
    bool
    SEE ALSO
    securitybarmerge.gaps_on
    barmerge.gaps_on
    Merge strategy for requested data. Data is merged with possible gaps (na values).
    TYPE
    bool
    SEE ALSO
    securitybarmerge.gaps_off
    barmerge.lookahead_off
    Merge strategy for the requested data position. Requested barset is merged with current barset
    in the order of sorting bars by their close time. This merge strategy disables effect of getting
    data from "future" on calculation on history.
    TYPE
    bool
    SEE ALSO
    securitybarmerge.lookahead_on
    barmerge.lookahead_on
    Merge strategy for the requested data position. Requested barset is merged with current barset
    in the order of sorting bars by their opening time. This merge strategy can lead to undesirable
    effect of getting data from "future" on calculation on history. This is unacceptable in
    backtesting strategies, but can be useful in indicators.
    TYPE
    bool
    SEE ALSO
    securitybarmerge.lookahead_off
    barstate.isconfirmed
    Returns true if the script is calculating the last (closing) update of the current bar. The next
    script calculation will be on the new bar data.
    TYPE
    bool
    REMARKS
    PineScript code that uses this variable could calculate differently on history and real-time
    data.
    It is NOT recommended to use barstate.isconfirmed in security expression. Its value requested
    from security is unpredictable.
    SEE ALSO
    barstate.isfirstbarstate.islastbarstate.ishistorybarstate.isrealtimebarstate.isnew
    barstate.isfirst
    Returns true if current bar is first bar in barset, false otherwise.
    TYPE
    bool
    REMARKS
    PineScript code that uses this variable could calculate differently on history and real-time
    data.
    SEE ALSO
    barstate.islastbarstate.ishistorybarstate.isrealtimebarstate.isnewbarstate.isconfirmed
    barstate.ishistory
    Returns true if current bar is a historical bar, false otherwise.
    TYPE
    bool
    REMARKS
    PineScript code that uses this variable could calculate differently on history and real-time
    data.
    SEE ALSO
    barstate.isfirstbarstate.islastbarstate.isrealtimebarstate.isnewbarstate.isconfirmed
    barstate.islast
    Returns true if current bar is the last bar in barset, false otherwise. This condition is true for
    all real-time bars in barset.
    TYPE
    bool
    REMARKS
    PineScript code that uses this variable could calculate differently on history and real-time
    data.
    SEE ALSO
    barstate.isfirstbarstate.ishistorybarstate.isrealtimebarstate.isnewbarstate.isconfirmed
    barstate.isnew
    Returns true if script is currently calculating on new bar, false otherwise. This variable is true
    when calculating on historical bars or on first update of a newly generated real-time bar.
    TYPE
    bool
    REMARKS
    PineScript code that uses this variable could calculate differently on history and real-time
    data.
    SEE ALSO
    barstate.isfirstbarstate.islastbarstate.ishistorybarstate.isrealtimebarstate.isconfirmed
    barstate.isrealtime
    Returns true if current bar is a real-time bar, false otherwise.
    TYPE
    bool
    REMARKS
    PineScript code that uses this variable could calculate differently on history and real-time
    data.
    SEE ALSO
    barstate.isfirstbarstate.islastbarstate.ishistorybarstate.isnewbarstate.isconfirmed
    close
    Current close price.
    TYPE
    float
    REMARKS
    Previous values may be accessed with square brackets operator [], e.g. close[1], close[2].
    SEE ALSO
    openhighlowvolumetimehl2hlc3ohlc4
    color.aqua
    Is a named constant for #00BCD4 color.
    TYPE
    color
    SEE ALSO
    color.blackcolor.silvercolor.graycolor.whitecolor.marooncolor.redcolor.purplecolor.fuchsiacolo
    r.greencolor.limecolor.olivecolor.yellowcolor.navycolor.bluecolor.tealcolor.orange
    color.black
    Is a named constant for #363A45 color.
    TYPE
    color
    SEE ALSO
    color.silvercolor.graycolor.whitecolor.marooncolor.redcolor.purplecolor.fuchsiacolor.greencolo
    r.limecolor.olivecolor.yellowcolor.navycolor.bluecolor.tealcolor.aquacolor.orange
    color.blue
    Is a named constant for #2196F3 color.
    TYPE
    color
    SEE ALSO
    color.blackcolor.silvercolor.graycolor.whitecolor.marooncolor.redcolor.purplecolor.fuchsiacolo
    r.greencolor.limecolor.olivecolor.yellowcolor.navycolor.tealcolor.aquacolor.orange
    color.fuchsia
    Is a named constant for #E040FB color.
    TYPE
    color
    SEE ALSO
    color.blackcolor.silvercolor.graycolor.whitecolor.marooncolor.redcolor.purplecolor.greencolor.
    limecolor.olivecolor.yellowcolor.navycolor.bluecolor.tealcolor.aquacolor.orange
    color.gray
    Is a named constant for #787B86 color.
    TYPE
    color
    SEE ALSO
    color.blackcolor.silvercolor.whitecolor.marooncolor.redcolor.purplecolor.fuchsiacolor.greencol
    or.limecolor.olivecolor.yellowcolor.navycolor.bluecolor.tealcolor.aquacolor.orange
    color.green
    Is a named constant for #4CAF50 color.
    TYPE
    color
    SEE ALSO
    color.blackcolor.silvercolor.graycolor.whitecolor.marooncolor.redcolor.purplecolor.fuchsiacolo
    r.limecolor.olivecolor.yellowcolor.navycolor.bluecolor.tealcolor.aquacolor.orange
    color.lime
    Is a named constant for #00E676 color.
    TYPE
    color
    SEE ALSO
    color.blackcolor.silvercolor.graycolor.whitecolor.marooncolor.redcolor.purplecolor.fuchsiacolo
    r.greencolor.olivecolor.yellowcolor.navycolor.bluecolor.tealcolor.aquacolor.orange
    color.maroon
    Is a named constant for #880E4F color.
    TYPE
    color
    SEE ALSO
    color.blackcolor.silvercolor.graycolor.whitecolor.redcolor.purplecolor.fuchsiacolor.greencolor.l
    imecolor.olivecolor.yellowcolor.navycolor.bluecolor.tealcolor.aquacolor.orange
    color.navy
    Is a named constant for #311B92 color.
    TYPE
    color
    SEE ALSO
    color.blackcolor.silvercolor.graycolor.whitecolor.marooncolor.redcolor.purplecolor.fuchsiacolo
    r.greencolor.limecolor.olivecolor.yellowcolor.bluecolor.tealcolor.aquacolor.orange
    color.olive
    Is a named constant for #808000 color.
    TYPE
    color
    SEE ALSO
    color.blackcolor.silvercolor.graycolor.whitecolor.marooncolor.redcolor.purplecolor.fuchsiacolo
    r.greencolor.limecolor.yellowcolor.navycolor.bluecolor.tealcolor.aquacolor.orange
    color.orange
    Is a named constant for #FF9800 color.
    TYPE
    color
    SEE ALSO
    color.blackcolor.silvercolor.graycolor.whitecolor.marooncolor.redcolor.purplecolor.fuchsiacolo
    r.greencolor.limecolor.olivecolor.yellowcolor.navycolor.bluecolor.tealcolor.aqua
    color.purple
    Is a named constant for #9C27B0 color.
    TYPE
    color
    SEE ALSO
    color.blackcolor.silvercolor.graycolor.whitecolor.marooncolor.redcolor.fuchsiacolor.greencolor
    .limecolor.olivecolor.yellowcolor.navycolor.bluecolor.tealcolor.aquacolor.orange
    color.red
    Is a named constant for #FF5252 color.
    TYPE
    color
    SEE ALSO
    color.blackcolor.silvercolor.graycolor.whitecolor.marooncolor.purplecolor.fuchsiacolor.greenco
    lor.limecolor.olivecolor.yellowcolor.navycolor.bluecolor.tealcolor.aquacolor.orange
    color.silver
    Is a named constant for #B2B5BE color.
    TYPE
    color
    SEE ALSO
    color.blackcolor.graycolor.whitecolor.marooncolor.redcolor.purplecolor.fuchsiacolor.greencolo
    r.limecolor.olivecolor.yellowcolor.navycolor.bluecolor.tealcolor.aquacolor.orange
    color.teal
    Is a named constant for #00897B color.
    TYPE
    color
    SEE ALSO
    color.blackcolor.silvercolor.graycolor.whitecolor.marooncolor.redcolor.purplecolor.fuchsiacolo
    r.greencolor.limecolor.olivecolor.yellowcolor.navycolor.bluecolor.aquacolor.orange
    color.white
    Is a named constant for #FFFFFF color.
    TYPE
    color
    SEE ALSO
    color.blackcolor.silvercolor.graycolor.marooncolor.redcolor.purplecolor.fuchsiacolor.greencolo
    r.limecolor.olivecolor.yellowcolor.navycolor.bluecolor.tealcolor.aquacolor.orange
    color.yellow
    Is a named constant for #FFEB3B color.
    TYPE
    color
    SEE ALSO
    color.blackcolor.silvercolor.graycolor.whitecolor.marooncolor.redcolor.purplecolor.fuchsiacolo
    r.greencolor.limecolor.olivecolor.navycolor.bluecolor.tealcolor.aquacolor.orange
    currency.AUD
     Australian dollar.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    strategy
    currency.CAD
    Canadian dollar.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    strategy
    currency.CHF
    Swiss franc.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    strategy
    currency.EUR
    Euro.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    strategy
    currency.GBP
    Pound sterling.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    strategy
    currency.HKD
    Hong Kong dollar.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    strategy
    currency.JPY
    Japanese yen.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    strategy
    currency.NOK
    Norwegian krone.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    strategy
    currency.NONE
    Unspecified currency.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    strategy
    currency.NZD
    New Zealand dollar.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    strategy
    currency.RUB
    Russian ruble.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    strategy
    currency.SEK
    Swedish krona.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    strategy
    currency.SGD
    Singapore dollar.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    strategy
    currency.TRY
    Turkish lira.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    strategy
    currency.USD
    United States dollar.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    strategy
    currency.ZAR
    South African rand.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    strategy
    dayofmonth
    Date of current bar time in exchange timezone.
    TYPE
    integer
    SEE ALSO
    dayofmonthtimeyearmonthweekofyeardayofweekhourminutesecond
    dayofweek
    Day of week for current bar time in exchange timezone.
    TYPE
    integer
    REMARKS
    You can
    use dayofweek.sunday, dayofweek.monday, dayofweek.tuesday, dayofweek.wednesday, dayof
    week.thursday, dayofweek.friday and dayofweek.saturday variables for comparisons.
    SEE ALSO
    dayofweektimeyearmonthweekofyeardayofmonthhourminutesecond
    dayofweek.friday
    Is a named constant for return value of dayofweek function and value of dayofweek variable.
    TYPE
    integer
    SEE ALSO
    dayofweek.sundaydayofweek.mondaydayofweek.tuesdaydayofweek.wednesdaydayofweek.thurs
    daydayofweek.saturday
    dayofweek.monday
    Is a named constant for return value of dayofweek function and value of dayofweek variable.
    TYPE
    integer
    SEE ALSO
    dayofweek.sundaydayofweek.tuesdaydayofweek.wednesdaydayofweek.thursdaydayofweek.frid
    aydayofweek.saturday
    dayofweek.saturday
    Is a named constant for return value of dayofweek function and value of dayofweek variable.
    TYPE
    integer
    SEE ALSO
    dayofweek.sundaydayofweek.mondaydayofweek.tuesdaydayofweek.wednesdaydayofweek.thurs
    daydayofweek.friday
    dayofweek.sunday
    Is a named constant for return value of dayofweek function and value of dayofweek variable.
    TYPE
    integer
    SEE ALSO
    dayofweek.mondaydayofweek.tuesdaydayofweek.wednesdaydayofweek.thursdaydayofweek.fri
    daydayofweek.saturday
    dayofweek.thursday
    Is a named constant for return value of dayofweek function and value of dayofweek variable.
    TYPE
    integer
    SEE ALSO
    dayofweek.sundaydayofweek.mondaydayofweek.tuesdaydayofweek.wednesdaydayofweek.frida
    ydayofweek.saturday
    dayofweek.tuesday
    Is a named constant for return value of dayofweek function and value of dayofweek variable.
    TYPE
    integer
    SEE ALSO
    dayofweek.sundaydayofweek.mondaydayofweek.wednesdaydayofweek.thursdaydayofweek.frid
    aydayofweek.saturday
    dayofweek.wednesday
    Is a named constant for return value of dayofweek function and value of dayofweek variable.
    TYPE
    integer
    SEE ALSO
    dayofweek.sundaydayofweek.mondaydayofweek.tuesdaydayofweek.thursdaydayofweek.fridayd
    ayofweek.saturday
    display.all
    A named constant that specifies where the plot is displayed. Display everywhere.
    TYPE
    integer
    SEE ALSO
    plotplotshapeplotcharplotarrowplotbarplotcandle
    display.none
    A named constant that specifies where the plot is displayed. Display nowhere. Available in
    alert template message
    TYPE
    integer
    SEE ALSO
    plotplotshapeplotcharplotarrowplotbarplotcandle
    extend.both
    A named constant for line.new and line.set_extend functions
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    line.newline.set_extendextend.noneextend.leftextend.right
    extend.left
    A named constant for line.new and line.set_extend functions
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    line.newline.set_extendextend.noneextend.rightextend.both
    extend.none
    A named constant for line.new and line.set_extend functions
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    line.newline.set_extendextend.leftextend.rightextend.both
    extend.right
    A named constant for line.new and line.set_extend functions
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    line.newline.set_extendextend.noneextend.leftextend.both
    format.inherit
    Is a named constant for selecting the formatting of the script output values from the parent
    series in the study function.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    studyformat.priceformat.volume
    format.price
    Is a named constant for selecting the formatting of the script output values as prices in
    the study function.
    TYPE
    string
    REMARKS
    If format is format.price, default precision value is set. You can use the precision argument of
    study function to change the precision value.
    SEE ALSO
    studyformat.inheritformat.volume
    format.volume
    Is a named constant for selecting the formatting of the script output values as volume in
    the study function, e.g. '5183' will be formatted as '5K'
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    studyformat.inheritformat.price
    high
    Current high price.
    TYPE
    float
    REMARKS
    Previous values may be accessed with square brackets operator [], e.g. high[1], high[2].
    SEE ALSO
    openlowclosevolumetimehl2hlc3ohlc4
    hl2
    Is a shortcut for (high + low)/2
    TYPE
    float
    SEE ALSO
    openhighlowclosevolumetimehlc3ohlc4
    hlc3
    Is a shortcut for (high + low + close)/3
    TYPE
    float
    SEE ALSO
    openhighlowclosevolumetimehl2ohlc4
    hline.style_dashed
    Is a named constant for dashed linestyle of hline function.
    TYPE
    integer
    SEE ALSO
    hline.style_solidhline.style_dotted
    hline.style_dotted
    Is a named constant for dotted linestyle of hline function.
    TYPE
    integer
    SEE ALSO
    hline.style_solidhline.style_dashed
    hline.style_solid
    Is a named constant for solid linestyle of hline function.
    TYPE
    integer
    SEE ALSO
    hline.style_dottedhline.style_dashed
    hour
    Current bar hour in exchange timezone.
    TYPE
    integer
    SEE ALSO
    hourtimeyearmonthweekofyeardayofmonthdayofweekminutesecond
    iii
    Intraday Intensity Index
    TYPE
    float
    EXAMPLE

    study('My Script')

    plot(iii, color=color.yellow)

    // the same on pine

    f_iii() =>

    return = (2 * close - high - low) / ((high - low) * volume)

    plot(f_iii())
    input.bool
    Is a named constant for bool input type of input function.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    input.integerinput.floatinput.stringinput.symbolinput.resolutioninput.sessioninput.sourceinput
    input.float
    Is a named constant for float input type of input function.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    input.boolinput.integerinput.stringinput.symbolinput.resolutioninput.sessioninput.sourceinput
    input.integer
    Is a named constant for integer input type of input function.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    input.boolinput.floatinput.stringinput.symbolinput.resolutioninput.sessioninput.sourceinput
    input.resolution
    Is a named constant for resolution input type of input function.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    input.boolinput.integerinput.floatinput.stringinput.symbolinput.sessioninput.sourceinput
    input.session
    Is a named constant for session input type of input function.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    input.boolinput.integerinput.floatinput.stringinput.symbolinput.resolutioninput.sourceinput
    input.source
    Is a named constant for source input type of input function.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    input.boolinput.integerinput.floatinput.stringinput.symbolinput.resolutioninput.sessioninput
    input.string
    Is a named constant for string input type of input function.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    input.boolinput.integerinput.floatinput.symbolinput.resolutioninput.sessioninput.sourceinput
    input.symbol
    Is a named constant for symbol input type of input function.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    input.boolinput.integerinput.floatinput.stringinput.resolutioninput.sessioninput.sourceinput
    label.style_arrowdown
    Label style for label.new and label.set_style functions
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    label.newlabel.set_stylelabel.set_textalignlabel.style_nonelabel.style_xcrosslabel.style_crossla
    bel.style_triangleuplabel.style_triangledownlabel.style_flaglabel.style_circlelabel.style_arrowu
    plabel.style_label_uplabel.style_label_downlabel.style_label_leftlabel.style_label_rightlabel.st
    yle_label_centerlabel.style_squarelabel.style_diamond
    label.style_arrowup
    Label style for label.new and label.set_style functions
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    label.newlabel.set_stylelabel.set_textalignlabel.style_nonelabel.style_xcrosslabel.style_crossla
    bel.style_triangleuplabel.style_triangledownlabel.style_flaglabel.style_circlelabel.style_arrow
    downlabel.style_label_uplabel.style_label_downlabel.style_label_leftlabel.style_label_rightlab
    el.style_label_centerlabel.style_squarelabel.style_diamond
    label.style_circle
    Label style for label.new and label.set_style functions
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    label.newlabel.set_stylelabel.set_textalignlabel.style_nonelabel.style_xcrosslabel.style_crossla
    bel.style_triangleuplabel.style_triangledownlabel.style_flaglabel.style_arrowuplabel.style_arro
    wdownlabel.style_label_uplabel.style_label_downlabel.style_label_leftlabel.style_label_rightla
    bel.style_label_center label.style_squarelabel.style_diamond
    label.style_cross
    Label style for label.new and label.set_style functions
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    label.newlabel.set_stylelabel.set_textalignlabel.style_nonelabel.style_xcrosslabel.style_triangl
    euplabel.style_triangledownlabel.style_flaglabel.style_circlelabel.style_arrowuplabel.style_arr
    owdownlabel.style_label_uplabel.style_label_downlabel.style_label_leftlabel.style_label_rightl
    abel.style_label_centerlabel.style_squarelabel.style_diamond
    label.style_diamond
    Label style for label.new and label.set_style functions
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    label.newlabel.set_stylelabel.set_textalignlabel.style_nonelabel.style_xcrosslabel.style_crossla
    bel.style_triangleuplabel.style_triangledownlabel.style_flaglabel.style_circlelabel.style_arrowu
    plabel.style_arrowdownlabel.style_label_uplabel.style_label_downlabel.style_label_leftlabel.s
    tyle_label_rightlabel.style_label_centerlabel.style_square
    label.style_flag
    Label style for label.new and label.set_style functions
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    label.newlabel.set_stylelabel.set_textalignlabel.style_nonelabel.style_xcrosslabel.style_crossla
    bel.style_triangleuplabel.style_triangledownlabel.style_circlelabel.style_arrowuplabel.style_ar
    rowdownlabel.style_label_uplabel.style_label_downlabel.style_label_leftlabel.style_label_righ
    tlabel.style_label_centerlabel.style_squarelabel.style_diamond
    label.style_label_center
    Label style for label.new and label.set_style functions
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    label.newlabel.set_stylelabel.set_textalignlabel.style_nonelabel.style_xcrosslabel.style_crossla
    bel.style_triangleuplabel.style_triangledownlabel.style_flaglabel.style_circlelabel.style_arrowu
    plabel.style_arrowdownlabel.style_label_uplabel.style_label_downlabel.style_label_leftlabel.s
    tyle_label_rightlabel.style_squarelabel.style_diamond
    label.style_label_down
    Label style for label.new and label.set_style functions
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    label.newlabel.set_stylelabel.set_textalignlabel.style_nonelabel.style_xcrosslabel.style_crossla
    bel.style_triangleuplabel.style_triangledownlabel.style_flaglabel.style_circlelabel.style_arrowu
    plabel.style_arrowdownlabel.style_label_uplabel.style_label_leftlabel.style_label_rightlabel.st
    yle_label_centerlabel.style_squarelabel.style_diamond
    label.style_label_left
    Label style for label.new and label.set_style functions
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    label.newlabel.set_stylelabel.set_textalignlabel.style_nonelabel.style_xcrosslabel.style_crossla
    bel.style_triangleuplabel.style_triangledownlabel.style_flaglabel.style_circlelabel.style_arrowu
    plabel.style_arrowdownlabel.style_label_uplabel.style_label_downlabel.style_label_rightlabel.
    style_label_centerlabel.style_squarelabel.style_diamond
    label.style_label_right
    Label style for label.new and label.set_style functions
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    label.newlabel.set_stylelabel.set_textalignlabel.style_nonelabel.style_xcrosslabel.style_crossla
    bel.style_triangleuplabel.style_triangledownlabel.style_flaglabel.style_circlelabel.style_arrowu
    plabel.style_arrowdownlabel.style_label_uplabel.style_label_downlabel.style_label_leftlabel.s
    tyle_label_centerlabel.style_squarelabel.style_diamond
    label.style_label_up
    Label style for label.new and label.set_style functions
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    label.newlabel.set_stylelabel.set_textalignlabel.style_nonelabel.style_xcrosslabel.style_crossla
    bel.style_triangleuplabel.style_triangledownlabel.style_flaglabel.style_circlelabel.style_arrowu
    plabel.style_arrowdownlabel.style_label_downlabel.style_label_leftlabel.style_label_rightlabel
    .style_label_centerlabel.style_squarelabel.style_diamond
    label.style_none
    Label style for label.new and label.set_style functions
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    label.newlabel.set_stylelabel.set_textalignlabel.style_xcrosslabel.style_crosslabel.style_triangl
    euplabel.style_triangledownlabel.style_flaglabel.style_circlelabel.style_arrowuplabel.style_arr
    owdownlabel.style_label_uplabel.style_label_downlabel.style_label_leftlabel.style_label_rightl
    abel.style_label_centerlabel.style_squarelabel.style_diamond
    label.style_square
    Label style for label.new and label.set_style functions
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    label.newlabel.set_stylelabel.set_textalignlabel.style_nonelabel.style_xcrosslabel.style_crossla
    bel.style_triangleuplabel.style_triangledownlabel.style_flaglabel.style_circlelabel.style_arrowu
    plabel.style_arrowdownlabel.style_label_uplabel.style_label_downlabel.style_label_leftlabel.s
    tyle_label_rightlabel.style_label_centerlabel.style_diamond
    label.style_triangledown
    Label style for label.new and label.set_style functions
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    label.newlabel.set_stylelabel.set_textalignlabel.style_nonelabel.style_xcrosslabel.style_crossla
    bel.style_triangleuplabel.style_flaglabel.style_circlelabel.style_arrowuplabel.style_arrowdownl
    abel.style_label_uplabel.style_label_downlabel.style_label_leftlabel.style_label_rightlabel.styl
    e_label_centerlabel.style_squarelabel.style_diamond
    label.style_triangleup
    Label style for label.new and label.set_style functions
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    label.newlabel.set_stylelabel.set_textalignlabel.style_nonelabel.style_xcrosslabel.style_crossla
    bel.style_triangledownlabel.style_flaglabel.style_circlelabel.style_arrowuplabel.style_arrowdo
    wnlabel.style_label_uplabel.style_label_downlabel.style_label_leftlabel.style_label_rightlabel.
    style_label_centerlabel.style_squarelabel.style_diamond
    label.style_xcross
    Label style for label.new and label.set_style functions
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    label.newlabel.set_stylelabel.set_textalignlabel.style_nonelabel.style_crosslabel.style_triangle
    uplabel.style_triangledownlabel.style_flaglabel.style_circlelabel.style_arrowuplabel.style_arro
    wdownlabel.style_label_uplabel.style_label_downlabel.style_label_leftlabel.style_label_rightla
    bel.style_label_center label.style_squarelabel.style_diamond
    line.style_arrow_both
    Line style for line.new and line.set_style functions. Solid line with arrows on both points
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    line.newline.set_styleline.style_solidline.style_dottedline.style_dashedline.style_arrow_leftlin
    e.style_arrow_right
    line.style_arrow_left
    Line style for line.new and line.set_style functions. Solid line with arrow on the first point
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    line.newline.set_styleline.style_solidline.style_dottedline.style_dashedline.style_arrow_rightli
    ne.style_arrow_both
    line.style_arrow_right
    Line style for line.new and line.set_style functions. Solid line with arrow on the second point
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    line.newline.set_styleline.style_solidline.style_dottedline.style_dashedline.style_arrow_leftlin
    e.style_arrow_both
    line.style_dashed
    Line style for line.new and line.set_style functions
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    line.newline.set_styleline.style_solidline.style_dottedline.style_arrow_leftline.style_arrow_rig
    htline.style_arrow_both
    line.style_dotted
    Line style for line.new and line.set_style functions
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    line.newline.set_styleline.style_solidline.style_dashedline.style_arrow_leftline.style_arrow_rig
    htline.style_arrow_both
    line.style_solid
    Line style for line.new and line.set_style functions
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    line.newline.set_styleline.style_dottedline.style_dashedline.style_arrow_leftline.style_arrow_r
    ightline.style_arrow_both
    location.abovebar
    Location value for plotshape, plotchar functions. Shape is plotted above main series bars.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    plotshapeplotcharlocation.belowbarlocation.toplocation.bottomlocation.absolute
    location.absolute
    Location value for plotshape, plotchar functions. Shape is plotted on chart using indicator value
    as a price coordinate.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    plotshapeplotcharlocation.abovebarlocation.belowbarlocation.toplocation.bottom
    location.belowbar
    Location value for plotshape, plotchar functions. Shape is plotted below main series bars.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    plotshapeplotcharlocation.abovebarlocation.toplocation.bottomlocation.absolute
    location.bottom
    Location value for plotshape, plotchar functions. Shape is plotted near the bottom chart
    border.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    plotshapeplotcharlocation.abovebarlocation.belowbarlocation.toplocation.absolute
    location.top
    Location value for plotshape, plotchar functions. Shape is plotted near the top chart border.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    plotshapeplotcharlocation.abovebarlocation.belowbarlocation.bottomlocation.absolute
    low
    Current low price.
    TYPE
    float
    REMARKS
    Previous values may be accessed with square brackets operator [], e.g. low[1], low[2].
    SEE ALSO
    openhighclosevolumetimehl2hlc3ohlc4
    minute
    Current bar minute in exchange timezone.
    TYPE
    integer
    SEE ALSO
    minutetimeyearmonthweekofyeardayofmonthdayofweekhoursecond
    month
    Current bar month in exchange timezone.
    TYPE
    integer
    SEE ALSO
    monthtimeyearweekofyeardayofmonthdayofweekhourminutesecond
    na
    Double.NaN value (Not a Number).
    TYPE
    na
    EXAMPLE

    bar_index < 10 ? na : close // CORRECT

    close == na ? close[1] : close // INCORRECT!


    na(close) ? close[1] : close // CORRECT
    REMARKS
    Use it for return values ONLY. DON'T TRY TO COMPARE WITH IT! If you need to check if some
    value is NaN, use built-in function na.
    SEE ALSO
    na
    nvi
    Negative Volume Index
    TYPE
    float
    EXAMPLE

    //@version=4

    study('My Script')
    plot(nvi, color=color.yellow)

    // the same on pine

    f_nvi() =>

    float nvi = 1.0

    float prevNvi = (nz(nvi[1], 0.0) == 0.0) ? 1.0: nvi[1]

    if nz(close, 0.0) == 0.0 or nz(close[1], 0.0) == 0.0

    nvi := prevNvi

    else

    nvi := (volume < nz(volume[1], 0.0)) ? prevNvi + ((close - close[1]) /


    close[1]) * prevNvi : prevNvi

    result = nvi

    plot(f_nvi())
    obv
    On Balance Volume
    TYPE
    float
    EXAMPLE

    study('My Script')

    plot(obv, color=color.yellow)

    // the same on pine

    f_obv() =>

    return = cum(sign(change(close)) * volume)

    plot(f_obv())
    ohlc4
    Is a shortcut for (open + high + low + close)/4
    TYPE
    float
    SEE ALSO
    openhighlowclosevolumetimehl2hlc3
    open
    Current open price.
    TYPE
    float
    REMARKS
    Previous values may be accessed with square brackets operator [], e.g. open[1], open[2].
    SEE ALSO
    highlowclosevolumetimehl2hlc3ohlc4
    plot.style_area
    Is a named constant for area style of plot function.
    TYPE
    integer
    SEE ALSO
    plot.style_lineplot.style_linebrplot.style_steplineplot.style_histogramplot.style_areabrplot.styl
    e_crossplot.style_columnsplot.style_circles
    plot.style_areabr
    Is a named constant for area style of plot function. Same as area but doesn't fill the breaks
    (gaps) in data.
    TYPE
    integer
    SEE ALSO
    plot.style_lineplot.style_linebrplot.style_steplineplot.style_histogramplot.style_crossplot.style
    _areaplot.style_columnsplot.style_circles
    plot.style_circles
    Is a named constant for circles style of plot function.
    TYPE
    integer
    SEE ALSO
    plot.style_lineplot.style_linebrplot.style_steplineplot.style_histogramplot.style_crossplot.style
    _areaplot.style_areabrplot.style_columns
    plot.style_columns
    Is a named constant for columns style of plot function.
    TYPE
    integer
    SEE ALSO
    plot.style_lineplot.style_linebrplot.style_steplineplot.style_histogramplot.style_crossplot.style
    _areaplot.style_areabrplot.style_circles
    plot.style_cross
    Is a named constant for cross style of plot function.
    TYPE
    integer
    SEE ALSO
    plot.style_lineplot.style_linebrplot.style_steplineplot.style_histogramplot.style_areaplot.style_
    areabrplot.style_columnsplot.style_circles
    plot.style_histogram
    Is a named constant for histogram style of plot function.
    TYPE
    integer
    SEE ALSO
    plot.style_lineplot.style_linebrplot.style_steplineplot.style_crossplot.style_areaplot.style_area
    brplot.style_columnsplot.style_circles
    plot.style_line
    Is a named constant for line style of plot function.
    TYPE
    integer
    SEE ALSO
    plot.style_linebrplot.style_steplineplot.style_histogramplot.style_crossplot.style_areaplot.style
    _areabrplot.style_columnsplot.style_circles
    plot.style_linebr
    Is a named constant for line style of plot function. Same as line but doesn't fill the breaks
    (gaps) in data.
    TYPE
    integer
    SEE ALSO
    plot.style_lineplot.style_steplineplot.style_histogramplot.style_crossplot.style_areaplot.style_
    areabrplot.style_columnsplot.style_circles
    plot.style_stepline
    Is a named constant for stepline style of plot function.
    TYPE
    integer
    SEE ALSO
    plot.style_lineplot.style_linebrplot.style_histogramplot.style_crossplot.style_areaplot.style_ar
    eabrplot.style_columnsplot.style_circles
    pvi
    Positive Volume Index
    TYPE
    float
    EXAMPLE

    //@version=4

    study('My Script')

    plot(pvi, color=color.yellow)

    // the same on pine

    f_pvi() =>

    float pvi = 1.0

    float prevPvi = (nz(pvi[1], 0.0) == 0.0) ? 1.0: pvi[1]

    if nz(close, 0.0) == 0.0 or nz(close[1], 0.0) == 0.0

    pvi := prevPvi

    else

    pvi := (volume > nz(volume[1], 0.0)) ? prevPvi + ((close - close[1]) /


    close[1]) * prevPvi : prevPvi

    result = pvi
    plot(f_pvi())
    pvt
    Price-Volume Trend
    TYPE
    float
    EXAMPLE

    study('My Script')

    plot(pvt, color=color.yellow)

    // the same on pine

    f_pvt() =>

    return = cum((change(close) / close[1]) * volume)

    plot(f_pvt())
    scale.left
    Scale value for study function. Study is added to the left price scale.
    TYPE
    integer
    SEE ALSO
    study
    scale.none
    Scale value for study function. Study is added in 'No Scale' mode. Can be used only with
    'overlay=true'.
    TYPE
    integer
    SEE ALSO
    study
    scale.right
    Scale value for study function. Study is added to the right price scale.
    TYPE
    integer
    SEE ALSO
    study
    second
    Current bar second in exchange timezone.
    TYPE
    integer
    SEE ALSO
    secondtimeyearmonthweekofyeardayofmonthdayofweekhourminute
    session.extended
    Constant for extended session type (with extended hours data).
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    session.regularsyminfo.session
    session.regular
    Constant for regular session type (no extended hours data).
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    session.extendedsyminfo.session
    shape.arrowdown
    Shape style for plotshape function.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    plotshape
    shape.arrowup
    Shape style for plotshape function.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    plotshape
    shape.circle
    Shape style for plotshape function.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    plotshape
    shape.cross
    Shape style for plotshape function.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    plotshape
    shape.diamond
    Shape style for plotshape function.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    plotshape
    shape.flag
    Shape style for plotshape function.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    plotshape
    shape.labeldown
    Shape style for plotshape function.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    plotshape
    shape.labelup
    Shape style for plotshape function.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    plotshape
    shape.square
    Shape style for plotshape function.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    plotshape
    shape.triangledown
    Shape style for plotshape function.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    plotshape
    shape.triangleup
    Shape style for plotshape function.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    plotshape
    shape.xcross
    Shape style for plotshape function.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    plotshape
    size.auto
    Size value for plotshape, plotchar functions. The size of the shape automatically adapts to the
    size of the bars.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    plotshapeplotcharlabel.set_sizesize.tinysize.smallsize.normalsize.largesize.huge
    size.huge
    Size value for plotshape, plotchar functions. The size of the shape constantly huge.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    plotshapeplotcharlabel.set_sizesize.autosize.tinysize.smallsize.normalsize.large
    size.large
    Size value for plotshape, plotchar functions. The size of the shape constantly large.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    plotshapeplotcharlabel.set_sizesize.autosize.tinysize.smallsize.normalsize.huge
    size.normal
    Size value for plotshape, plotchar functions. The size of the shape constantly normal.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    plotshapeplotcharlabel.set_sizesize.autosize.tinysize.smallsize.largesize.huge
    size.small
    Size value for plotshape, plotchar functions. The size of the shape constantly small.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    plotshapeplotcharlabel.set_sizesize.autosize.tinysize.normalsize.largesize.huge
    size.tiny
    Size value for plotshape, plotchar functions. The size of the shape constantly tiny.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    plotshapeplotcharlabel.set_sizesize.autosize.smallsize.normalsize.largesize.huge
    strategy.cash
    If the number of contracts/shares/lots/units to buy/sell is not specified
    for strategy.entry or strategy.order commands (or 'NaN' is specified), then strategy will
    calculate the quantity to buy/sell at close of current bar using the amount of money specified
    in the 'default_qty_value'.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    strategy
    strategy.closedtrades
    Number of trades, which were closed for the whole trading interval.
    TYPE
    integer
    SEE ALSO
    strategy.position_sizestrategy.opentradesstrategy.wintradesstrategy.losstradesstrategy.eventra
    des
    strategy.commission.cash_per_contract
    Commission type for an order. Money displayed in the account currency per contract.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    strategy
    strategy.commission.cash_per_order
    Commission type for an order. Money displayed in the account currency per order.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    strategy
    strategy.commission.percent
    Commission type for an order. A percentage of the cash volume of order.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    strategy
    strategy.direction.all
    It allows strategy to open both long and short positions.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    strategy.risk.allow_entry_in
    strategy.direction.long
    It allows strategy to open only long positions.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    strategy.risk.allow_entry_in
    strategy.direction.short
    It allows strategy to open only short positions.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    strategy.risk.allow_entry_in
    strategy.equity
    Current equity ( strategy.initial_capital + strategy.netprofit + strategy.openprofit ).
    TYPE
    float
    SEE ALSO
    strategy.netprofitstrategy.openprofitstrategy.position_size
    strategy.eventrades
    Number of breakeven trades for the whole trading interval.
    TYPE
    integer
    SEE ALSO
    strategy.position_sizestrategy.opentradesstrategy.closedtradesstrategy.wintradesstrategy.losst
    rades
    strategy.fixed
    If the number of contracts/shares/lots/units to buy/sell is not specified
    for strategy.entry or strategy.order commands (or 'NaN' is specified), then the
    'default_qty_value' is used to define the quantity.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    strategy
    strategy.grossloss
    Total currency value of all completed losing trades.
    TYPE
    float
    SEE ALSO
    strategy.netprofitstrategy.grossprofit
    strategy.grossprofit
    Total currency value of all completed winning trades.
    TYPE
    float
    SEE ALSO
    strategy.netprofitstrategy.grossloss
    strategy.initial_capital
    The amount of initial capital set in the strategy properties.
    TYPE
    float
    SEE ALSO
    strategy
    strategy.long
    Long position entry.
    TYPE
    bool
    SEE ALSO
    strategy.entrystrategy.exitstrategy.order
    strategy.losstrades
    Number of unprofitable trades for the whole trading interval.
    TYPE
    integer
    SEE ALSO
    strategy.position_sizestrategy.opentradesstrategy.closedtradesstrategy.wintradesstrategy.even
    trades
    strategy.max_contracts_held_all
    Maximum number of contracts/shares/lots/units in one trade for the whole trading interval.
    TYPE
    float
    SEE ALSO
    strategy.position_sizestrategy.max_contracts_held_longstrategy.max_contracts_held_short
    strategy.max_contracts_held_long
    Maximum number of contracts/shares/lots/units in one long trade for the whole trading
    interval.
    TYPE
    float
    SEE ALSO
    strategy.position_sizestrategy.max_contracts_held_all strategy.max_contracts_held_short
    strategy.max_contracts_held_short
    Maximum number of contracts/shares/lots/units in one short trade for the whole trading
    interval.
    TYPE
    float
    SEE ALSO
    strategy.position_sizestrategy.max_contracts_held_all strategy.max_contracts_held_long
    strategy.max_drawdown
    Maximum equity drawdown value for the whole trading interval.
    TYPE
    float
    SEE ALSO
    strategy.netprofitstrategy.equity
    strategy.netprofit
    Total currency value of all completed trades.
    TYPE
    float
    SEE ALSO
    strategy.openprofitstrategy.position_sizestrategy.grossprofitstrategy.grossloss
    strategy.oca.cancel
    OCA type value for strategy's functions. The parameter determines that an order should belong
    to an OCO group, where as soon as an order is filled, all other orders of the same group are
    cancelled. Note: if more than 1 guaranteed-to-be-executed orders of the same OCA group are
    placed at once, all those orders are filled.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    strategy.entrystrategy.exitstrategy.order
    strategy.oca.none
    OCA type value for strategy's functions. The parameter determines that an order should not
    belong to any particular OCO group.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    strategy.entrystrategy.exitstrategy.order
    strategy.oca.reduce
    OCA type value for strategy's functions. The parameter determines that an order should belong
    to an OCO group, where if X number of contracts of an order is filled, number of contracts for
    each other order of the same OCO group is decreased by X. Note: if more than 1 guaranteed-to-
    be-executed orders of the same OCA group are placed at once, all those orders are filled.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    strategy.entrystrategy.exitstrategy.order
    strategy.openprofit
    Current unrealized profit or loss for the open position.
    TYPE
    float
    SEE ALSO
    strategy.netprofitstrategy.position_size
    strategy.opentrades
    Number of market position entries, which were not closed and remain opened. If there is no
    open market position, 0 is returned.
    TYPE
    integer
    SEE ALSO
    strategy.position_size
    strategy.percent_of_equity
    If the number of contracts/shares/lots/units to buy/sell is not specified
    for strategy.entry or strategy.order commands (or 'NaN' is specified), then strategy will
    calculate the quantity to buy/sell at close of current bar using the amount of money specified
    by the 'default_qty_value' in % from current strategy.equity (in the range from 0 to 100).
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    strategy
    strategy.position_avg_price
    Average entry price of current market position. If the market position is flat, 'NaN' is returned.
    TYPE
    float
    SEE ALSO
    strategy.position_size
    strategy.position_entry_name
    Name of the order that initially opened current market position.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    strategy.position_size
    strategy.position_size
    Direction and size of the current market position. If the value is > 0, the market position is
    long. If the value is < 0, the market position is short. The absolute value is the number of
    contracts/shares/lots/units in trade (position size).
    TYPE
    float
    SEE ALSO
    strategy.position_avg_price
    strategy.short
    Short position entry.
    TYPE
    bool
    SEE ALSO
    strategy.entrystrategy.exitstrategy.order
    strategy.wintrades
    Number of profitable trades for the whole trading interval.
    TYPE
    integer
    SEE ALSO
    strategy.position_sizestrategy.opentradesstrategy.closedtradesstrategy.losstradesstrategy.even
    trades
    syminfo.currency
    Currency for the current symbol. Returns currency code: "USD", "EUR", etc.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    syminfo.tickercurrency.USDcurrency.EUR
    syminfo.description
    Description for the current symbol.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    syminfo.tickersyminfo.prefix
    syminfo.mintick
    Min tick value for the current symbol.
    TYPE
    float
    SEE ALSO
    syminfo.pointvalue
    syminfo.pointvalue
    Point value for the current symbol.
    TYPE
    float
    SEE ALSO
    syminfo.mintick
    syminfo.prefix
    Prefix of current symbol name (i.e. for 'CME_EOD:TICKER' prefix is 'CME_EOD').
    TYPE
    string
    EXAMPLE

    If current chart symbol is 'BATS:MSFT' then syminfo.prefix is 'BATS'.


    SEE ALSO
    syminfo.tickersyminfo.tickerid
    syminfo.root
    Root for derivatives like futures contract. For other symbols returns the same value
    as syminfo.ticker.
    TYPE
    string
    EXAMPLE

    For example if current chart ticker is 'CLM2014', would return 'CL'.


    SEE ALSO
    syminfo.tickersyminfo.tickerid
    syminfo.session
    Session type of the chart main series. Possible values are session.regular, session.extended.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    session.regularsession.extended
    syminfo.ticker
    Symbol name without exchange prefix, e.g. 'MSFT'
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    syminfo.tickeridtimeframe.periodtimeframe.multipliersyminfo.root
    syminfo.tickerid
    Symbol name with exchange prefix, e.g. 'BATS:MSFT', 'NASDAQ:MSFT'
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    tickeridsyminfo.tickertimeframe.periodtimeframe.multipliersyminfo.root
    syminfo.timezone
    Timezone of the exchange of the chart main series. Possible values see in timestamp.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    timestamp
    syminfo.type
    Type of the current symbol. Possible values are stock, futures, index, forex, crypto, fund.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    syminfo.ticker
    text.align_center
    Label text alignment for label.new and label.set_textalign functions.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    label.newlabel.set_styletext.align_lefttext.align_right
    text.align_left
    Label text alignment for label.new and label.set_textalign functions.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    label.newlabel.set_styletext.align_centertext.align_right
    text.align_right
    Label text alignment for label.new and label.set_textalign functions.
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    label.newlabel.set_styletext.align_centertext.align_left
    time
    Current bar time in UNIX format. It is the number of milliseconds that have elapsed since
    00:00:00 UTC, 1 January 1970.
    TYPE
    integer
    SEE ALSO
    timetime_closetimenowyearmonthweekofyeardayofmonthdayofweekhourminutesecond
    time_close
    Current bar close time in UNIX format. It is the number of milliseconds that have elapsed since
    00:00:00 UTC, 1 January 1970. On price-based charts this variable value is na.
    TYPE
    integer
    SEE ALSO
    timetimenowyearmonthweekofyeardayofmonthdayofweekhourminutesecond
    timeframe.isdaily
    Returns true if current resolution is a daily resolution, false otherwise.
    TYPE
    bool
    SEE ALSO
    timeframe.isdwmtimeframe.isintradaytimeframe.isminutestimeframe.issecondstimeframe.iswe
    eklytimeframe.ismonthly
    timeframe.isdwm
    Returns true if current resolution is a daily or weekly or monthly resolution, false otherwise.
    TYPE
    bool
    SEE ALSO
    timeframe.isintradaytimeframe.isminutestimeframe.issecondstimeframe.isdailytimeframe.iswe
    eklytimeframe.ismonthly
    timeframe.isintraday
    Returns true if current resolution is an intraday (minutes or seconds) resolution, false
    otherwise.
    TYPE
    bool
    SEE ALSO
    timeframe.isminutestimeframe.issecondstimeframe.isdwmtimeframe.isdailytimeframe.isweekl
    ytimeframe.ismonthly
    timeframe.isminutes
    Returns true if current resolution is a minutes resolution, false otherwise.
    TYPE
    bool
    SEE ALSO
    timeframe.isdwmtimeframe.isintradaytimeframe.issecondstimeframe.isdailytimeframe.isweekl
    ytimeframe.ismonthly
    timeframe.ismonthly
    Returns true if current resolution is a monthly resolution, false otherwise.
    TYPE
    bool
    SEE ALSO
    timeframe.isdwmtimeframe.isintradaytimeframe.isminutestimeframe.issecondstimeframe.isdai
    lytimeframe.isweekly
    timeframe.isseconds
    Returns true if current resolution is a seconds resolution, false otherwise.
    TYPE
    bool
    SEE ALSO
    timeframe.isdwmtimeframe.isintradaytimeframe.isminutestimeframe.isdailytimeframe.isweekl
    ytimeframe.ismonthly
    timeframe.isweekly
    Returns true if current resolution is a weekly resolution, false otherwise.
    TYPE
    bool
    SEE ALSO
    timeframe.isdwmtimeframe.isintradaytimeframe.isminutestimeframe.issecondstimeframe.isdai
    lytimeframe.ismonthly
    timeframe.multiplier
    Multiplier of resolution, e.g. '60' - 60, 'D' - 1, '5D' - 5, '12M' - 12
    TYPE
    integer
    SEE ALSO
    syminfo.tickersyminfo.tickeridtimeframe.period
    timeframe.period
    Resolution, e.g. '60' - 60 minutes, 'D' - daily, 'W' - weekly, 'M' - monthly, '5D' - 5 days, '12M' - one
    year, '3M' - one quarter
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    syminfo.tickersyminfo.tickeridtimeframe.multiplier
    timenow
    Current time in UNIX format. It is the number of milliseconds that have elapsed since 00:00:00
    UTC, 1 January 1970.
    TYPE
    integer
    SEE ALSO
    timestamptimetime_closeyearmonthweekofyeardayofmonthdayofweekhourminutesecond
    tr
    True range. Same as tr(false). It is max(high - low, abs(high - close[1]), abs(low - close[1]))
    TYPE
    float
    SEE ALSO
    tratr
    volume
    Current bar volume.
    TYPE
    float
    REMARKS
    Previous values may be accessed with square brackets operator [], e.g. volume[1], volume[2].
    SEE ALSO
    openhighlowclosetimehl2hlc3ohlc4
    vwap
    Volume-weighted average price. It uses hlc3 as a source series.
    TYPE
    float
    SEE ALSO
    vwap
    wad
    Williams Accumulation/Distribution
    TYPE
    float
    EXAMPLE

    study('My Script')

    plot(wad, color=color.yellow)

    // the same on pine

    f_wad() =>

    trueHigh = max(high, close[1])

    trueLow = min(low, close[1])

    mom = change(close)

    gain = (mom > 0) ? close - trueLow : (mom < 0) ? close - trueHigh : 0

    return = cum(gain)

    plot(f_wad())
    weekofyear
    Week number of current bar time in exchange timezone.
    TYPE
    integer
    SEE ALSO
    weekofyeartimeyearmonthdayofmonthdayofweekhourminutesecond
    wvad
    Williams Variable Accumulation/Distribution
    TYPE
    float
    EXAMPLE

    study('My Script')

    plot(wvad, color=color.yellow)

    // the same on pine

    f_wvad() =>

    return = (close - open) / (high - low) * volume


    plot(f_wvad())
    xloc.bar_index
    A named constant that specifies the algorithm of interpretation of x-value in
    functions line.new and label.new. If xloc = xloc.bar_index, value of x is a bar index
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    line.newlabel.newline.set_xloclabel.set_xlocxloc.bar_time
    xloc.bar_time
    A named constant that specifies the algorithm of interpretation of x-value in
    functions line.new and label.new. If xloc = xloc.bar_time, value of x is a bar UNIX time
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    line.newlabel.newline.set_xloclabel.set_xlocxloc.bar_index
    year
    Current bar year in exchange timezone.
    TYPE
    integer
    SEE ALSO
    yeartimemonthweekofyeardayofmonthdayofweekhourminutesecond
    yloc.abovebar
    A named constant that specifies the algorithm of interpretation of y-value in
    function label.new
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    label.newlabel.set_ylocyloc.priceyloc.belowbar
    yloc.belowbar
    A named constant that specifies the algorithm of interpretation of y-value in
    function label.new
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    label.newlabel.set_ylocyloc.priceyloc.abovebar
    yloc.price
    A named constant that specifies the algorithm of interpretation of y-value in
    function label.new
    TYPE
    string
    SEE ALSO
    label.newlabel.set_ylocyloc.abovebaryloc.belowbar
    Built-In Functions
    abs
    Absolute value of x is x if x >= 0, or -x otherwise.
    abs(x) → integer
    abs(x) → input integer
    abs(x) → const integer
    abs(x) → float
    abs(x) → input float
    abs(x) → const float
    abs(x) → series[float]
    RETURNS
    The absolute value of x
    acos
    The acos function returns the arccosine (in radians) of number such that cos(acos(y)) = y for y
    in range [-1, 1].
    acos(x) → float
    acos(x) → input float
    acos(x) → const float
    acos(x) → series[float]
    RETURNS
    The arc cosine of a value; the returned angle is in the range [0, Pi], or na if y is outside of
    range [-1, 1].
    alertcondition
    Creates alert condition, that is available in Create Alert dialog. Please note,
    that alertcondition does NOT create an alert, it just gives you more options in Create Alert
    dialog. Also, alertcondition effect is invisible on chart.
    alertcondition(condition, title, message) → void
    EXAMPLE

    alertcondition(close >= open, title='Alert on Green Bar', message='Green Bar!')


    ARGUMENTS
    condition (series) Series of boolean values that is used for alert. True values mean alert fire,
    false - no alert. Required argument.
    title (const string) Title of the alert condition. Optional argument.
    message (const string) Message to display when alert fires. Optional argument.
    REMARKS
    Please note that in Pine v4 an alertcondition call generates an additional plot. All such calls are
    taken into account when we calculate the number of the output series per script.
    alma
    Arnaud Legoux Moving Average. It uses Gaussian distribution as weights for moving average.
    alma(series, length, offset, sigma) → series[float]
    EXAMPLE

    plot(alma(close, 9, 0.85, 6))

    // same on pine, but much less efficient

    pine_alma(series, windowsize, offset, sigma) =>

    m = floor(offset * (windowsize - 1))


    s = windowsize / sigma

    norm = 0.0

    sum = 0.0

    for i = 0 to windowsize - 1

    weight = exp(-1 * pow(i - m, 2) / (2 * pow(s, 2)))

    norm := norm + weight

    sum := sum + series[windowsize - i - 1] * weight

    sum / norm
    plot(pine_alma(close, 9, 0.85, 6))
    RETURNS
    Arnaud Legoux Moving Average.
    ARGUMENTS
    series (series) Series of values to process.
    length (integer) Number of bars (length).
    offset (float) Controls tradeoff between smoothness (closer to 1) and responsiveness (closer to
    0).
    sigma (float) Changes the smoothness of ALMA. The larger sigma the smoother ALMA.
    SEE ALSO
    smaemarmawmavwmaswma
    asin
    The asin function returns the arcsine (in radians) of number such that sin(asin(y)) = y for y in
    range [-1, 1].
    asin(x) → float
    asin(x) → input float
    asin(x) → const float
    asin(x) → series[float]
    RETURNS
    The arcsine of a value; the returned angle is in the range [-Pi/2, Pi/2], or na if y is outside of
    range [-1, 1].
    atan
    The atan function returns the arctangent (in radians) of number such that tan(atan(y)) = y for
    any y.
    atan(x) → float
    atan(x) → input float
    atan(x) → const float
    atan(x) → series[float]
    RETURNS
    The arc tangent of a value; the returned angle is in the range [-Pi/2, Pi/2].
    atr
    Function atr (average true range) returns the RMA of true range. True range is max(high - low,
    abs(high - close[1]), abs(low - close[1]))
    atr(length) → series[float]
    RETURNS
    Average true range.
    ARGUMENTS
    length (integer) Length (number of bars back).
    SEE ALSO
    trrma
    avg
    Calculates average of all given series (elementwise).
    avg(x1, x2, ..., x10) -> series[float]
    RETURNS
    Average.
    SEE ALSO
    sumcumsma
    barcolor
    Set color of bars.
    barcolor(color, offset, editable, show_last, title) → void
    EXAMPLE

    barcolor(close < open ? color.black : color.white)


    ARGUMENTS
    color (color) Color of bars. You can use constants like 'red' or '#ff001a' as well as complex
    expressions like 'close >= open ? color.green : color.red'. Required argument.
    offset (integer) Shifts the color series to the left or to the right on the given number of bars.
    Default is 0.
    editable (const bool) If true then barcolor style will be editable in Format dialog. Default is
    true.
    show_last (input integer) If set, defines the number of bars (from the last bar back to the
    past) to fill on chart.
    title (const string) Title of the barcolor. Optional argument.
    SEE ALSO
    bgcolorplotfill
    barssince
    The barssince function counts a number of bars since condition was true.
    barssince(condition) → series[integer]
    EXAMPLE

    // get number of bars since last color.green bar


    barssince(close >= open)
    RETURNS
    Number of bars since condition was true.
    SEE ALSO
    lowestbarshighestbars
    bb
    Bollinger Bands. A Bollinger Band is a technical analysis tool defined by a set of lines plotted
    two standard deviations (positively and negatively) away from a simple moving average (SMA)
    of the security's price, but can be adjusted to user preferences.
    bb(series, length, mult) → [series[float], series[float], series[float]]
    EXAMPLE
    //@version=4

    study('My Script')

    [middle, upper, lower] = bb(close, 5, 4)

    plot(middle, color=color.yellow)

    plot(upper, color=color.yellow)

    plot(lower, color=color.yellow)

    // the same on pine

    f_bb(src, length, mult) =>

    float basis = sma(src, length)

    float dev = mult * stdev(src, length)

    [basis, basis + dev, basis - dev]

    [pineMiddle, pineUpper, pineLower] = f_bb(close, 5, 4)

    plot(pineMiddle)

    plot(pineUpper)
    plot(pineLower)
    RETURNS
    Bollinger Bands.
    ARGUMENTS
    series (series) Series of values to process.
    length (integer) Number of bars (length).
    mult (float) Standard deviation factor
    SEE ALSO
    smastdevkc
    bbw
    Bollinger Bands Width. The Bollinger Band Width is the difference between the upper and the
    lower Bollinger Bands divided by the middle band.
    bbw(series, length, mult) → series[float]
    EXAMPLE

    //@version=4

    study('My Script')

    plot(bbw(close, 5, 4), color=color.yellow)


    // the same on pine

    f_bbw(src, length, mult) =>

    float basis = sma(src, length)

    float dev = mult * stdev(src, length)

    ((basis + dev) - (basis - dev)) / basis

    plot(f_bbw(close, 5, 4))
    RETURNS
    Bollinger Bands Width.
    ARGUMENTS
    series (series) Series of values to process.
    length (integer) Number of bars (length).
    mult (float) Standard deviation factor
    SEE ALSO
    bbsmastdev
    bgcolor
    Fill background of bars with specified color.
    bgcolor(color, transp, offset, editable, show_last, title) → void
    EXAMPLE

    bgcolor(close < open ? color.red : color.green, transp=70)


    ARGUMENTS
    color (color) Color of the filled background. You can use constants like 'red' or '#ff001a' as well
    as complex expressions like 'close >= open ? color.green : color.red'. Required argument.
    transp (input integer) Transparency of the filled background. Possible values are from 0 (not
    transparent) to 100 (invisible). Optional argument.
    offset (integer) Shifts the color series to the left or to the right on the given number of bars.
    Default is 0.
    editable (const bool) If true then bgcolor style will be editable in Format dialog. Default is
    true.
    show_last (input integer) If set, defines the number of bars (from the last bar back to the
    past) to fill on chart.
    title (const string) Title of the bgcolor. Optional argument.
    SEE ALSO
    barcolorplotfill
    bool
    Casts na to bool
    bool(x) → const bool
    bool(x) → input bool
    bool(x) → bool
    bool(x) → series[bool]
    RETURNS
    The value of the argument after casting to bool.
    SEE ALSO
    floatintcolorstringlinelabel
    cci
    The CCI (commodity channel index) is calculated as the difference between the typical price of
    a commodity and its simple moving average, divided by the mean absolute deviation of the
    typical price. The index is scaled by an inverse factor of 0.015 to provide more readable
    numbers
    cci(source, length) → series[float]
    RETURNS
    Commodity channel index of x for y bars back.
    ARGUMENTS
    source (series) Series of values to process.
    length (integer) Number of bars (length).
    ceil
    The ceil function returns the smallest (closest to negative infinity) integer that is greater than
    or equal to the argument.
    ceil(x) → integer
    ceil(x) → input integer
    ceil(x) → const integer
    ceil(x) → series[integer]
    RETURNS
    The smallest integer greater than or equal to the given number.
    SEE ALSO
    floorround
    change
    Difference between current value and previous, x - x[y].
    change(source, length) → series[float]
    change(source) → series[float]
    RETURNS
    Differences series.
    ARGUMENTS
    source (series)
    length (integer) Offset from the current bar to the previous bar. Optional, if not given, length
    = 1 is used.
    SEE ALSO
    momcross
    cmo
    Chande Momentum Oscillator. Calculates the difference between the sum of recent gains and
    the sum of recent losses and then divides the result by the sum of all price movement over the
    same period.
    cmo(series, length) → series[float]
    EXAMPLE

    study('My Script')

    plot(cmo(close, 5), color=color.yellow)


    // the same on pine

    f_cmo(src, length) =>

    float mom = change(src)

    float sm1 = sum((mom >= 0) ? mom : 0.0, length)

    float sm2 = sum((mom >= 0) ? 0.0 : -mom, length)

    return = 100 * (sm1 - sm2) / (sm1 + sm2)

    plot(f_cmo(close, 5))
    RETURNS
    Chande Momentum Oscillator.
    ARGUMENTS
    series (series) Series of values to process.
    length (integer) Number of bars (length).
    SEE ALSO
    rsistochsum
    cog
    The cog (center of gravity) is an indicator based on statistics and the Fibonacci golden ratio.
    cog(source, length) → series[float]
    RETURNS
    Center of Gravity.
    ARGUMENTS
    source (series) Series of values to process.
    length (integer) Number of bars (length).
    SEE ALSO
    stoch
    color
    Casts na to color
    color(x) → const color
    color(x) → input color
    color(x) → color
    color(x) → series[color]
    RETURNS
    The value of the argument after casting to color.
    SEE ALSO
    floatintboolstringlinelabel
    color.new
    Function color applies the specified transparency to the given color.
    color.new(color, transp) → const color
    EXAMPLE

    color.new(color.red, 50)
    RETURNS
    Color with specified transparency.
    ARGUMENTS
    color (color)
    transp (integer) Possible values are from 0 (not transparent) to 100 (invisible).
    REMARKS
    Color with transparency overrides "transp" argument of plot function.
    correlation
    Correlation coefficient. Describes the degree to which two series tend to deviate from
    their sma values.
    correlation(source_a, source_b, length) → series[float]
    RETURNS
    Correlation coefficient.
    ARGUMENTS
    source_a (series) Source series.
    source_b (series) Target series.
    length (integer) Length (number of bars back).
    SEE ALSO
    security
    cos
    The cos function returns the trigonometric cosine of an angle.
    cos(x) → float
    cos(x) → input float
    cos(x) → const float
    cos(x) → series[float]
    RETURNS
    The trigonometric cosine of an angle.
    ARGUMENTS
    x Angle, in radians.
    cross
    cross(x, y) → series[bool]
    RETURNS
    1 if two series has crossed each other, otherwise 0.
    ARGUMENTS
    x (series)
    y (series)
    SEE ALSO
    change
    crossover
    The `x`-series is defined as having crossed over `y`-series if the value of `x` is greater than
    the value of `y` and the value of `x` was less than the value of `y` on the bar immediately
    preceding the current bar.
    crossover(x, y) → series[bool]
    RETURNS
    true if `x` crossed over `y` otherwise false
    ARGUMENTS
    x (float) Data series `x`.
    y (float) Data series `y`.
    crossunder
    The `x`-series is defined as having crossed under `y`-series if the value of `x` is less than the
    value of `y` and the value of `x` was greater than the value of `y` on the bar immediately
    preceding the current bar.
    crossunder(x, y) → series[bool]
    RETURNS
    true if `x` crossed under `y` otherwise false
    ARGUMENTS
    x (float) Data series `x`.
    y (float) Data series `y`.
    cum
    Cumulative (total) sum of x. In other words it's a sum of all elements of x.
    cum(x) → series[float]
    RETURNS
    Total sum series.
    ARGUMENTS
    x (series)
    SEE ALSO
    sum
    dayofmonth
    dayofmonth(time) → series[integer]
    RETURNS
    Day of month (in exchange timezone) for provided UNIX time.
    ARGUMENTS
    time (series) UNIX time in milliseconds.
    REMARKS
    UNIX time is the number of milliseconds that have elapsed since 00:00:00 UTC, 1 January 1970.
    SEE ALSO
    dayofmonthtimeyearmonthdayofweekhourminutesecond
    dayofweek
    dayofweek(time) → series[integer]
    RETURNS
    Day of week (in exchange timezone) for provided UNIX time.
    ARGUMENTS
    time (series) UNIX time in milliseconds.
    REMARKS
    UNIX time is the number of milliseconds that have elapsed since 00:00:00 UTC, 1 January 1970.
    SEE ALSO
    dayofweektimeyearmonthdayofmonthhourminutesecond
    dev
    Measure of difference between the series and it's sma
    dev(source, length) → series[float]
    RETURNS
    Deviation of x for y bars back.
    ARGUMENTS
    source (series) Series of values to process.
    length (integer) Number of bars (length).
    SEE ALSO
    variancestdev
    dmi
    The dmi function returns the directional movement index.
    dmi(diLength, adxSmoothing) → [series[float], series[float], series[float]]
    EXAMPLE

    study(title="Directional Movement Index", shorttitle="DMI", format=format.price,


    precision=4)

    len = input(17, minval=1, title="DI Length")

    lensig = input(14, title="ADX Smoothing", minval=1, maxval=50)

    [diplus, diminus, adx] = dmi(len, lensig)

    plot(adx, color=color.red, title="ADX")

    plot(diplus, color=color.blue, title="+DI")


    plot(diminus, color=color.orange, title="-DI")
    RETURNS
    Tuple of three DMI series: Positive Directional Movement (+DI), Negative Directional Movement
    (-DI) and Average Directional Movement Index (ADX).
    ARGUMENTS
    diLength (integer) DI Period.
    adxSmoothing (integer) ADX Smoothing Period.
    SEE ALSO
    rsitsimfi
    ema
    The sma function returns the exponentially weighted moving average. In ema weighting factors
    decrease exponentially. It calculates by sing a formula: EMA = alpha * x + (1 - alpha) * EMA[1],
    where alpha = 2 / (y + 1)
    ema(source, length) → series[float]
    EXAMPLE

    plot(ema(close, 15))

    // same on pine, but much less efficient

    pine_ema(x, y) =>

    alpha = 2 / (y + 1)

    sum = 0.0

    sum := alpha * x + (1 - alpha) * nz(sum[1])


    plot(pine_ema(close, 15))
    RETURNS
    Exponential moving average of x with alpha = 2 / (y + 1)
    ARGUMENTS
    source (series) Series of values to process.
    length (integer) Number of bars (length).
    SEE ALSO
    smarmawmavwmaswmaalma
    exp
    The exp function of x is e^x, where x is the argument and e is Euler's number.
    exp(x) → float
    exp(x) → input float
    exp(x) → const float
    exp(x) → series[float]
    RETURNS
    A number representing e^x.
    SEE ALSO
    pow
    falling
    Test if the x series is now falling for y bars long.
    falling(source, length) → series[bool]
    RETURNS
    true if current x is less than any previous x for y bars back, false otherwise.
    ARGUMENTS
    source (series) Series of values to process.
    length (integer) Number of bars (length).
    SEE ALSO
    rising
    fill
    Fills background between two plots or hlines with a given color.
    fill(hline1, hline2, color, transp, title, editable) → void
    fill(plot1, plot2, color, transp, title, editable, show_last) → void
    EXAMPLE

    h1 = hline(20)

    h2 = hline(10)

    fill(h1, h2)

    p1 = plot(open)

    p2 = plot(close)
    fill(p1, p2, color=color.green)
    ARGUMENTS
    hline1 (hline) The first hline object. Required argument.
    hline2 (hline) The second hline object. Required argument.
    plot1 (plot) The first plot object. Required argument.
    plot2 (plot) The second plot object. Required argument.
    color (color) Color of the plot. You can use constants like 'color=color.red' or 'color=#ff001a' as
    well as complex expressions like 'color = close >= open ? color.green : color.red'. Optional
    argument.
    transp (input integer) Transparency of the filled background. Possible values are from 0 (not
    transparent) to 100 (invisible). Optional argument.
    title (const string) Title of the created fill object. Optional argument.
    editable (const bool) If true then fill style will be editable in Format dialog. Default is true.
    show_last (input integer) If set, defines the number of bars (from the last bar back to the
    past) to fill on chart.
    SEE ALSO
    plotbarcolorbgcolorhline
    financial
    Requests financial series for symbol.
    financial(symbol, financial_id, period, gaps) → series[float]
    EXAMPLE

    f = financial("NASDAQ:MSFT", "ACCOUNTS_PAYABLE", "FY")


    plot(f)
    RETURNS
    Requested series.
    ARGUMENTS
    symbol (string) Symbol. Note that the symbol should be passed with a prefix. For example:
    "NASDAQ:AAPL" instead of "AAPL".
    financial_id (string) Financial identifier.
    period (string) Reporting period. Possible values are "TTM", "FY", "FQ".
    gaps (const bool) Merge strategy for the requested data (requested data automatically merges
    with the main series: OHLC data). Possible values
    include: barmerge.gaps_on, barmerge.gaps_off. barmerge.gaps_on - requested data is merged
    with possible gaps (na values). barmerge.gaps_off - requested data is merged continuously
    without gaps, all the gaps are filled with the previous, nearest existing values. Default value
    is barmerge.gaps_off
    SEE ALSO
    securitysyminfo.tickerid
    fixnan
    For a given series replaces NaN values with previous nearest non-NaN value.
    fixnan(x) → series[float]
    fixnan(x) → series[integer]
    fixnan(x) → series[bool]
    fixnan(x) → series[color]
    RETURNS
    Series without na gaps.
    ARGUMENTS
    x (series)
    SEE ALSO
    nananz
    float
    Casts na to float
    float(x) → const float
    float(x) → input float
    float(x) → float
    float(x) → series[float]
    RETURNS
    The value of the argument after casting to float.
    SEE ALSO
    intboolcolorstringlinelabel
    floor
    floor(x) → integer
    floor(x) → input integer
    floor(x) → const integer
    floor(x) → series[integer]
    RETURNS
    The largest integer less than or equal to the given number.
    SEE ALSO
    ceilround
    heikinashi
    Creates a ticker identifier for requesting Heikin Ashi bar values.
    heikinashi(symbol) → string
    EXAMPLE

    heikinashi_close = security(heikinashi(syminfo.tickerid), timeframe.period, close)

    heikinashi_aapl_60_close = security(heikinashi("AAPL"), "60", close)


    RETURNS
    String value of ticker id, that can be supplied to security function.
    ARGUMENTS
    symbol (string) Symbol ticker identifier.
    SEE ALSO
    syminfo.tickeridsyminfo.tickersecurityrenkolinebreakkagipointfigure
    highest
    Highest value for a given number of bars back.
    highest(source, length) → series[float]
    highest(length) → series[float]
    RETURNS
    Highest value.
    ARGUMENTS
    source (series, integer)
    length (integer)
    REMARKS
    Two args version: x is a series and y is a length.
    One arg version: x is a length. Algorithm uses high as a source series.
    SEE ALSO
    lowestlowestbarshighestbarsvaluewhen
    highestbars
    Highest value offset for a given number of bars back.
    highestbars(source, length) → series[integer]
    highestbars(length) → series[integer]
    RETURNS
    Offset to the highest bar.
    ARGUMENTS
    source (series, integer)
    length (integer)
    REMARKS
    Two args version: x is a series and y is a length.
    One arg version: x is a length. Algorithm uses high as a source series.
    SEE ALSO
    lowesthighestlowestbarsbarssince
    hline
    Renders a horizontal line at a given fixed price level.
    hline(price, title, color, linestyle, linewidth, editable) → hline
    EXAMPLE

    hline(3.14, title='Pi', color=color.blue, linestyle=hline.style_dotted, linewidth=2)

    // You may fill the background between any two hlines with a fill() function:

    h1 = hline(20)

    h2 = hline(10)
    fill(h1, h2)
    RETURNS
    An hline object, that can be used in fill
    ARGUMENTS
    price (input float) Price value at which the object will be rendered. Required argument.
    title (const string) Title of the object.
    color (input color) Color of the rendered line. Must be a constant value (not an expression).
    Optional argument.
    linestyle (input integer) Style of the rendered line. Possible values
    are: hline.style_solid, hline.style_dotted, hline.style_dashed. Optional argument.
    linewidth (input integer) Width of the rendered line, use values from 1 to 4. Default value is
    1.
    editable (const bool) If true then hline style will be editable in Format dialog. Default is true.
    SEE ALSO
    fill
    hma
    The hma function returns the Hull Moving Average.
    hma(source, length) → series[float]
    EXAMPLE

    study("Hull Moving Average")

    src = input(defval=close, type=input.source, title="Source")

    length = input(defval=9, type=input.integer, title="Length")

    hmaBuildIn = hma(src, length)


    plot(hmaBuildIn, title="Hull MA", color=#674EA7)
    RETURNS
    Hull moving average of 'source' for 'length' bars back.
    ARGUMENTS
    source (series) Series of values to process.
    length (integer) Number of bars.
    SEE ALSO
    emarmawmavwmasma
    hour
    hour(time) → series[integer]
    RETURNS
    Hour (in exchange timezone) for provided UNIX time.
    ARGUMENTS
    time (series) UNIX time in milliseconds.
    REMARKS
    UNIX time is the number of milliseconds that have elapsed since 00:00:00 UTC, 1 January 1970.
    SEE ALSO
    hourtimeyearmonthdayofmonthdayofweekminutesecond
    iff
    If ... then ... else ...
    iff(condition, then, _else) → bool
    iff(condition, then, _else) → integer
    iff(condition, then, _else) → float
    iff(condition, then, _else) → color
    iff(condition, then, _else) → series[float]
    iff(condition, then, _else) → series[integer]
    iff(condition, then, _else) → series[color]
    iff(condition, then, _else) → string
    iff(condition, then, _else) → input bool
    iff(condition, then, _else) → input integer
    iff(condition, then, _else) → input float
    iff(condition, then, _else) → input string
    iff(condition, then, _else) → input color
    iff(condition, then, _else) → const bool
    iff(condition, then, _else) → const integer
    iff(condition, then, _else) → const float
    iff(condition, then, _else) → const string
    iff(condition, then, _else) → const color
    iff(condition, then, _else) → series[bool]
    iff(condition, then, _else) → series[string]
    iff(condition, then, _else) → series[line]
    iff(condition, then, _else) → series[label]
    EXAMPLE

    // Draw circles at the bars where open crosses close

    s1 = iff(cross(open, close), avg(open,close), na)


    plot(s1, style=plot.style_circles, linewidth=4, color=color.green)
    RETURNS
    y or z series.
    ARGUMENTS
    condition (series) Series with condition values. Zero value (0 and also NaN, +Infinity, -Infinity)
    is considered to be false, any other value is true.
    then (series) Series with values to return if condition is true.
    _else (series) Series with values to return if condition is false. Use na for `_else` argument if
    you do not need 'else' branch.
    REMARKS
    iff does exactly the same thing as ternary conditional operator ?: but in a functional style.
    Also iff is slightly less efficient than operator ?:
    SEE ALSO
    ?:na
    input
    Adds an input to your script indicator. User can see and edit inputs on the Format Object dialog
    of the script study. Script inputs look and behave exactly the same as inputs of built-in
    Technical Analysis indicators.
    input(defval, title, type, confirm) → input bool
    input(defval, title, type, minval, maxval, confirm, step, options) → input
    integer
    input(defval, title, type, minval, maxval, confirm, step, options) → input
    float
    input(defval, title, type, confirm, options) → input string
    input(defval, title, type) → series[float]
    EXAMPLE

    b = input(title="On/Off", type=input.bool, defval=true)

    plot(b ? open : na)

    i = input(title="Offset", type=input.integer, defval=7, minval=-10, maxval=10)

    plot(offset(close, i))

    f = input(title="Angle", type=input.float, defval=-0.5, minval=-3.14, maxval=3.14,


    step=0.02)

    plot(sin(f) > 0 ? close : open)

    sym = input(title="Symbol", type=input.symbol, defval="DELL")

    res = input(title="Resolution", type=input.resolution, defval="60")

    plot(close, color=color.red)

    plot(security(sym, res, close), color=color.green)

    s = input(title="Session", defval="24x7", options=["24x7", "0900-1300", "1300-1700",


    "1700-2100"])
    plot(time(timeframe.period, s))

    src = input(title="Source", type=input.source, defval=close)


    plot(src)
    RETURNS
    Value of input variable.
    ARGUMENTS
    defval (Depends on 'type' argument) Default value of the input variable. Note, that input
    value that will be ACTUALLY USED by the script is set by user on the Format Object dialog.
    title (const string) Title of the input
    type (const string) Input type. Possible values
    are input.bool, input.integer, input.float, input.string, input.symbol, input.resolution, input.se
    ssion, input.source.
    minval (const integer, float) Minimal possible value of the input variable. This argument is
    used only when input type is input.integer or input.float.
    maxval (const integer, float) Maximum possible value of the input variable. This argument is
    used only when input type is input.integer or input.float.
    confirm (const bool) If true, then user will be asked to confirm input value before indicator is
    added to chart. Default value is false. This argument not used when input type is input.source.
    step (const integer, float) Step value to use for incrementing/decrementing input from format
    dialog. Default value is 1. This argument is used only for input
    types input.integer and input.float.
    options (List of constants: [<type>...]) A list of options to choose from. This argument is used
    only for input types input.integer, input.float and input.string.
    REMARKS
    Result of input function always should be assigned to a variable, see examples below.
    int
    Casts na or truncates float value to int
    int(x) → integer
    int(x) → input integer
    int(x) → const integer
    int(x) → series[integer]
    RETURNS
    The value of the argument after casting to int.
    SEE ALSO
    floatboolcolorstringlinelabel
    kagi
    Creates a ticker identifier for requesting Kagi values.
    kagi(symbol, reversal) → string
    EXAMPLE

    kagi_tickerid = kagi(syminfo.tickerid, 3)

    kagi_close = security(kagi_tickerid, timeframe.period, close)


    plot(kagi_close)
    RETURNS
    String value of ticker id, that can be supplied to security function.
    ARGUMENTS
    symbol (string) Symbol ticker identifier.
    reversal (float) Reversal amount (absolute price value).
    SEE ALSO
    syminfo.tickeridsyminfo.tickersecurityheikinashirenkolinebreakpointfigure
    kc
    Keltner Channels. Keltner channel is a technical analysis indicator showing a central moving
    average line plus channel lines at a distance above and below.
    kc(series, length, mult) → [series[float], series[float], series[float]]
    kc(series, length, mult, useTrueRange) → [series[float], series[float],
    series[float]]
    EXAMPLE

    //@version=4

    study('My Script')

    [middle, upper, lower] = kc(close, 5, 4)

    plot(middle, color=color.yellow)

    plot(upper, color=color.yellow)

    plot(lower, color=color.yellow)

    // the same on pine

    f_kc(src, length, mult, useTrueRange) =>

    float basis = ema(src, length)

    float range = (useTrueRange) ? tr : (high - low)

    float rangeEma = ema(range, length)

    [basis, basis + rangeEma * mult, basis - rangeEma * mult]

    [pineMiddle, pineUpper, pineLower] = f_kc(close, 5, 4, true)

    plot(pineMiddle)

    plot(pineUpper)
    plot(pineLower)
    RETURNS
    Keltner Channels.
    ARGUMENTS
    series (series) Series of values to process.
    length (integer) Number of bars (length).
    mult (float) Standard deviation factor
    useTrueRange (bool) An optional parameter. Specifies if True Range is used; default is true. If
    the value is false, the range will be calculated with the expression (high - low)
    SEE ALSO
    emaatrbb
    kcw
    Keltner Channels Width. The Keltner Channels Width is the difference between the upper and
    the lower Keltner Channels divided by the middle channel.
    kcw(series, length, mult) → series[float]
    kcw(series, length, mult, useTrueRange) → series[float]
    EXAMPLE

    //@version=4

    study('My Script')

    plot(kcw(close, 5, 4), color=color.yellow)

    // the same on pine

    f_kcw(src, length, mult, useTrueRange) =>

    float basis = ema(src, length)

    float range = (useTrueRange) ? tr : (high - low)

    float rangeEma = ema(range, length)

    ((basis + rangeEma * mult) - (basis - rangeEma * mult)) / basis

    plot(f_kcw(close, 5, 4, true))
    RETURNS
    Keltner Channels Width.
    ARGUMENTS
    series (series) Series of values to process.
    length (integer) Number of bars (length).
    mult (float) Standard deviation factor
    useTrueRange (bool) An optional parameter. Specifies if True Range is used; default is true. If
    the value is false, the range will be calculated with the expression (high - low)
    SEE ALSO
    kcemaatrbb
    label
    Casts na to label
    label(x) → series[label]
    RETURNS
    The value of the argument after casting to label.
    SEE ALSO
    floatintboolcolorstringline
    label.delete
    Deletes the specified label object. If it has already been deleted, does nothing.
    label.delete(id) → void
    ARGUMENTS
    id (label) Label object to delete
    SEE ALSO
    label.new
    label.get_text
    Returns the text of this label object
    label.get_text(id) → series[string]
    EXAMPLE

    my_label = label.new(time, open, text="Open bar text", xloc=xloc.bar_time)

    a = label.get_text(my_label)
    label.new(time, close, text = a + " new", xloc=xloc.bar_time)
    RETURNS
    String object containing the text of this label
    ARGUMENTS
    id (label) Label object
    SEE ALSO
    label.new
    label.get_x
    Returns UNIX time or bar index (depending on the last xloc value set) of this label's position
    label.get_x(id) → series[integer]
    EXAMPLE

    my_label = label.new(time, open, text="Open bar text", xloc=xloc.bar_time)

    a = label.get_x(my_label)
    plot(time - label.get_x(my_label)) //draws zero plot
    RETURNS
    UNIX timestamp (in milliseconds) or bar index
    ARGUMENTS
    id (label) Label object
    SEE ALSO
    label.new
    label.get_y
    Returns price of this label's position
    label.get_y(id) → series[float]
    RETURNS
    Floating point value representing price
    ARGUMENTS
    id (label) Label object
    SEE ALSO
    label.new
    label.new
    Creates new label object
    label.new(x, y, text, xloc, yloc, color, style, textcolor, size, textalign) →
    series[label]
    EXAMPLE

    var label1 = label.new(bar_index, low, text="Hello, world!",


    style=label.style_circle)

    label.set_x(label1, 0)

    label.set_xloc(label1, time, xloc.bar_time)

    label.set_color(label1, color.red)
    label.set_size(label1, size.large)
    RETURNS
    Label ID object which may be passed to label.setXXX and label.getXXX functions
    ARGUMENTS
    x (series) Bar index (if xloc = xloc.bar_index) or bar UNIX time (if xloc = xloc.bar_time) of the
    label position. Note that if xloc = xloc.bar_index then value of this argument should be less or
    equal to the index of current bar.
    y (series) Price of the label position. It is taken into account only if yloc=yloc.price
    text (string) Label text. Default is empty string
    xloc (string) See description of x argument. Possible values: xloc.bar_index and xloc.bar_time.
    Default is xloc.bar_index
    yloc (string) Possible values are yloc.price, yloc.abovebar, yloc.belowbar. If
    yloc=yloc.price, y argument specifies the price of the label position. If yloc=yloc.abovebar,
    label is located above bar. If yloc=yloc.belowbar, label is located below bar. Default
    is yloc.price
    color (color) Color of the label border and arrow
    style (string) Label style. Possible
    values: label.style_none, label.style_xcross, label.style_cross, label.style_triangleup, label.styl
    e_triangledown, label.style_flag, label.style_circle, label.style_arrowup, label.style_arrowdow
    n, label.style_label_up, label.style_label_down, label.style_label_left, label.style_label_right, 
    label.style_label_center, label.style_square, label.style_diamond. Default
    is label.style_label_down
    textcolor (color) Text color
    size (string) Label size. Possible
    values: size.auto, size.tiny, size.small, size.normal, size.large, size.huge. Default value
    is size.normal.
    textalign (string) Label text alignment. Possible
    values: text.align_left, text.align_center, text.align_right. Default value is text.align_center.
    SEE ALSO
    label.deletelabel.set_xlabel.set_ylabel.set_xylabel.set_xloclabel.set_yloclabel.set_colorlabel.s
    et_textcolorlabel.set_stylelabel.set_sizelabel.set_textalign
    label.set_color
    Sets label border and arrow color
    label.set_color(id, color) → void
    ARGUMENTS
    id (label) Label object
    color (color) New label border and arrow style
    SEE ALSO
    label.new
    label.set_size
    Sets arrow and text size of the specified label object.
    label.set_size(id, size) → void
    ARGUMENTS
    id (label) Label object
    size (string) Possible values: size.auto, size.tiny, size.small, size.normal, size.large, size.huge.
    Default value is size.auto.
    SEE ALSO
    size.autosize.tinysize.smallsize.normalsize.largesize.hugelabel.new
    label.set_style
    Sets label style
    label.set_style(id, style) → void
    ARGUMENTS
    id (label) Label object
    style (string) New label style. Possible
    values: label.style_none, label.style_xcross, label.style_cross, label.style_triangleup, label.styl
    e_triangledown, label.style_flag, label.style_circle, label.style_arrowup, label.style_arrowdow
    n, label.style_label_up, label.style_label_down, label.style_label_left, label.style_label_right, 
    label.style_label_center, label.style_square, label.style_diamond
    SEE ALSO
    label.new
    label.set_text
    Sets label text
    label.set_text(id, text) → void
    ARGUMENTS
    id (label) Label object
    text (string) New label text
    SEE ALSO
    label.new
    label.set_textalign
    Sets the alignment for the label text.
    label.set_textalign(id, textalign) → void
    ARGUMENTS
    id (label) Label object
    textalign (string) Label text alignment. Possible
    values: text.align_left, text.align_center, text.align_right.
    SEE ALSO
    text.align_lefttext.align_centertext.align_rightlabel.new
    label.set_textcolor
    Sets color of the label text
    label.set_textcolor(id, textcolor) → void
    ARGUMENTS
    id (label) Label object
    textcolor (color) New text color
    SEE ALSO
    label.new
    label.set_x
    Sets bar index or bar time (depending on the xloc) of the label position
    label.set_x(id, x) → void
    ARGUMENTS
    id (label) Label object
    x (series) New bar index or bar time of the label position. Note that if xloc
    = xloc.bar_index then value of this argument should be less or equal to the index of current
    bar.
    SEE ALSO
    label.new
    label.set_xloc
    Sets x-location and new bar index/time value
    label.set_xloc(id, x, xloc) → void
    ARGUMENTS
    id (label) Label object
    x (series) New bar index or bar time of the label position
    xloc (string) New x-location value
    SEE ALSO
    xloc.bar_indexxloc.bar_timelabel.new
    label.set_xy
    Sets bar index/time and price of the label position
    label.set_xy(id, x, y) → void
    ARGUMENTS
    id (label) Label object
    x (series) New bar index or bar time of the label position. Note that if xloc
    = xloc.bar_index then value of this argument should be less or equal to the index of current
    bar.
    y (series) New price of the label position
    SEE ALSO
    label.new
    label.set_y
    Sets price of the label position
    label.set_y(id, y) → void
    ARGUMENTS
    id (label) Label object
    y (series) New price of the label position
    SEE ALSO
    label.new
    label.set_yloc
    Sets new y-location calculation algorithm
    label.set_yloc(id, yloc) → void
    ARGUMENTS
    id (label) Label object
    yloc (string) New y-location value
    SEE ALSO
    yloc.priceyloc.abovebaryloc.belowbarlabel.new
    line
    Casts na to line
    line(x) → series[line]
    RETURNS
    The value of the argument after casting to line.
    SEE ALSO
    floatintboolcolorstringlabel
    line.delete
    Deletes the specified line object. If it has already been deleted, does nothing.
    line.delete(id) → void
    ARGUMENTS
    id (line) Line object to delete
    SEE ALSO
    line.new
    line.get_x1
    Returns UNIX time or bar index (depending on the last xloc value set) of the first point of the
    line
    line.get_x1(id) → series[integer]
    EXAMPLE

    my_line = line.new(time, open, time + 60 * 60 * 24, close, xloc=xloc.bar_time)

    a = line.get_x1(my_line)
    plot(time - line.get_x1(my_line)) //draws zero plot
    RETURNS
    UNIX timestamp (in milliseconds) or bar index
    ARGUMENTS
    id (line) Line object
    SEE ALSO
    line.new
    line.get_x2
    Returns UNIX time or bar index (depending on the last xloc value set) of the second point of the
    line
    line.get_x2(id) → series[integer]
    RETURNS
    UNIX timestamp (in milliseconds) or bar index
    ARGUMENTS
    id (line) Line object
    SEE ALSO
    line.new
    line.get_y1
    Returns price of the first point of the line
    line.get_y1(id) → series[float]
    RETURNS
    Price value
    ARGUMENTS
    id (line) Line object
    SEE ALSO
    line.new
    line.get_y2
    Returns price of the second point of the line
    line.get_y2(id) → series[float]
    RETURNS
    Price value
    ARGUMENTS
    id (line) Line object
    SEE ALSO
    line.new
    line.new
    Creates new line object
    line.new(x1, y1, x2, y2, xloc, extend, color, style, width) → series[line]
    EXAMPLE

    var line1 = line.new(0, low, bar_index, high, extend=extend.right)

    var line2 = line.new(time, open, time + 60 * 60 * 24, close, xloc=xloc.bar_time,


    style=line.style_dashed)

    line.set_x2(line1, 0)

    line.set_xloc(line1, time, time + 60 * 60 * 24, xloc.bar_time)

    line.set_color(line2, color.green)
    line.set_width(line2, 5)
    RETURNS
    Line ID object which may be passed to line.setXXX and line.getXXX functions
    ARGUMENTS
    x1 (series) Bar index (if xloc = xloc.bar_index) or bar UNIX time (if xloc = xloc.bar_time) of the
    first point of the line. Note that if xloc = xloc.bar_index then value of this argument should be
    less or equal to the index of current bar.
    y1 (series) Price of the first point of the line
    x2 (series) Bar index (if xloc = xloc.bar_index) or bar UNIX time (if xloc = xloc.bar_time) of the
    second point of the line. Note that if xloc = xloc.bar_index then value of this argument should
    be less or equal to the index of current bar.
    y2 (series) Price of the second point of the line
    xloc (string) See description of x1 argument. Possible
    values: xloc.bar_index and xloc.bar_time. Default is xloc.bar_index
    extend (string) If extend=extend.none, draws segment starting at point (x1, y1) and ending at
    point (x2, y2). If extend is equal to extend.right or extend.left, draws a ray starting at point
    (x1, y1) or (x2, y2), respectively. If extend=extend.both, draws a straight line that goes
    through these points. Default value is extend.none.
    color (color) Line color
    style (string) Line style. Possible
    values: line.style_solid, line.style_dotted, line.style_dashed, line.style_arrow_left, line.style_a
    rrow_right, line.style_arrow_both
    width (integer) Line width in pixels
    SEE ALSO
    line.deleteline.set_x1line.set_y1line.set_xy1line.set_x2line.set_y2line.set_xy2line.set_xlocline
    .set_colorline.set_extendline.set_styleline.set_width
    line.set_color
    Sets the line color
    line.set_color(id, color) → void
    ARGUMENTS
    id (line) Line object
    color (color) New line color
    SEE ALSO
    line.new
    line.set_extend
    Sets extending type of this line object. If extend=extend.none, draws segment starting at point
    (x1, y1) and ending at point (x2, y2). If extend is equal to extend.right or extend.left, draws a
    ray starting at point (x1, y1) or (x2, y2), respectively. If extend=extend.both, draws a straight
    line that goes through these points.
    line.set_extend(id, extend) → void
    ARGUMENTS
    id (line) Line object
    extend (string) New extending type
    SEE ALSO
    extend.noneextend.rightextend.leftextend.bothline.new
    line.set_style
    Sets the line style
    line.set_style(id, style) → void
    ARGUMENTS
    id (line) Line object
    style (string) New line style
    SEE ALSO
    line.style_solidline.style_dottedline.style_dashedline.style_arrow_leftline.style_arrow_rightlin
    e.style_arrow_bothline.new
    line.set_width
    Sets the line width
    line.set_width(id, width) → void
    ARGUMENTS
    id (line) Line object
    width (integer) New line width in pixels
    SEE ALSO
    line.new
    line.set_x1
    Sets bar index or bar time (depending on the xloc) of the first point
    line.set_x1(id, x) → void
    ARGUMENTS
    id (line) Line object
    x (series) Bar index or bar time. Note that if xloc = xloc.bar_index then value of this argument
    should be less or equal to the index of current bar.
    SEE ALSO
    line.new
    line.set_x2
    Sets bar index or bar time (depending on the xloc) of the second point
    line.set_x2(id, x) → void
    ARGUMENTS
    id (line) Line object
    x (series) Bar index or bar time. Note that if xloc = xloc.bar_index then value of this argument
    should be less or equal to the index of current bar.
    SEE ALSO
    line.new
    line.set_xloc
    Sets x-location and new bar index/time values
    line.set_xloc(id, x1, x2, xloc) → void
    ARGUMENTS
    id (line) Line object
    x1 (series) Bar index or bar time of the first point
    x2 (series) Bar index or bar time of the second point
    xloc (string) New x-location value
    SEE ALSO
    xloc.bar_indexxloc.bar_timeline.new
    line.set_xy1
    Sets bar index/time and price of the first point
    line.set_xy1(id, x, y) → void
    ARGUMENTS
    id (line) Line object
    x (series) Bar index or bar time. Note that if xloc = xloc.bar_index then value of this argument
    should be less or equal to the index of current bar.
    y (series) Price
    SEE ALSO
    line.new
    line.set_xy2
    Sets bar index/time and price of the second point
    line.set_xy2(id, x, y) → void
    ARGUMENTS
    id (line) Line object
    x (series) Bar index or bar time
    y (series) Price
    SEE ALSO
    line.new
    line.set_y1
    Sets price of the first point
    line.set_y1(id, y) → void
    ARGUMENTS
    id (line) Line object
    y (series) Price
    SEE ALSO
    line.new
    line.set_y2
    Sets price of the second point
    line.set_y2(id, y) → void
    ARGUMENTS
    id (line) Line object
    y (series) Price
    SEE ALSO
    line.new
    linebreak
    Creates a ticker identifier for requesting Line Break values.
    linebreak(symbol, number_of_lines) → string
    EXAMPLE

    linebreak_tickerid = linebreak(syminfo.tickerid, 3)

    linebreak_close = security(linebreak_tickerid, timeframe.period, close)


    plot(linebreak_close)
    RETURNS
    String value of ticker id, that can be supplied to security function.
    ARGUMENTS
    symbol (string) Symbol ticker identifier.
    number_of_lines (integer) Number of line.
    SEE ALSO
    syminfo.tickeridsyminfo.tickersecurityheikinashirenkokagipointfigure
    linreg
    Linear regression curve. A line that best fits the prices specified over a user-defined time
    period. It is calculated using the least squares method. The result of this function is calculated
    using the formula: linreg = intercept + slope * (length - 1 - offset), where length is the y
    argument, offset is the z argument, intercept and slope are the values calculated with the
    least squares method on source series (x argument).
    linreg(source, length, offset) → series[float]
    RETURNS
    Linear regression curve.
    ARGUMENTS
    source (series) Source series.
    length (integer) Length.
    offset (integer) Offset.
    log
    Natural logarithm of any x > 0 is the unique `y` such that e^y = x
    log(x) → float
    log(x) → input float
    log(x) → const float
    log(x) → series[float]
    RETURNS
    The natural logarithm of x.
    SEE ALSO
    log10
    log10
    Base 10 logarithm of any x > 0 is the unique `y` such that 10^y = x
    log10(x) → float
    log10(x) → input float
    log10(x) → const float
    log10(x) → series[float]
    RETURNS
    The base 10 logarithm of x.
    SEE ALSO
    log
    lowest
    Lowest value for a given number of bars back.
    lowest(source, length) → series[float]
    lowest(length) → series[float]
    RETURNS
    Lowest value.
    ARGUMENTS
    source (series, integer)
    length (integer)
    REMARKS
    Two args version: x is a series and y is a length.
    One arg version: x is a length. Algorithm uses low as a source series.
    SEE ALSO
    highestlowestbarshighestbarsvaluewhen
    lowestbars
    Lowest value offset for a given number of bars back.
    lowestbars(source, length) → series[integer]
    lowestbars(length) → series[integer]
    RETURNS
    Offset to the lowest bar.
    ARGUMENTS
    source (series, integer)
    length (integer)
    REMARKS
    Two args version: x is a series and y is a length.
    One arg version: x is a length. Algorithm uses low as a source series.
    SEE ALSO
    lowesthighesthighestbarsbarssince
    macd
    MACD (moving average convergence/divergence). It is supposed to reveal changes in the
    strength, direction, momentum, and duration of a trend in a stock's price.
    macd(source, fastlen, slowlen, siglen) → [series[float], series[float],
    series[float]]
    EXAMPLE

    // Example 1

    study('MACD')

    [macdLine, signalLine, histLine] = macd(close, 12, 26, 9)

    plot(macdLine, color=color.blue)

    plot(signalLine, color=color.orange)

    plot(histLine, color=color.red, style=plot.style_histogram)

    // Example 2

    // If you need only one value, use placeholders '_' like this:

    study('MACD')

    [_, signalLine, _] = macd(close, 12, 26, 9)


    plot(signalLine, color=color.orange)
    RETURNS
    Tuple of three MACD series: MACD line, signal line and histogram line.
    ARGUMENTS
    source (series) Series of values to process.
    fastlen (integer) Fast Length parameter.
    slowlen (integer) Slow Length parameter.
    siglen (integer) Signal Length parameter.
    SEE ALSO
    smaema
    max
    Returns the greatest of multiple values
    max(x1, x2, ..., x10) -> const integer
    max(x1, x2, ..., x10) -> input integer
    max(x1, x2, ..., x10) -> integer
    max(x1, x2, ..., x10) -> series[integer]
    max(x1, x2, ..., x10) -> const float
    max(x1, x2, ..., x10) -> input float
    max(x1, x2, ..., x10) -> float
    max(x1, x2, ..., x10) -> series[float]
    EXAMPLE

    max(close, open)
    max(close, max(open, 42))
    RETURNS
    The greatest of multiple given values.
    SEE ALSO
    min
    max_bars_back
    Function sets the maximum number of bars that is available for historical reference of a given
    built-in or user variable. When operator '[]' is applied to a variable - it is a reference to a
    historical value of that variable.
    If an argument of an operator '[]' is a compile time constant value (e.g. 'v[10]', 'close[500]')
    then there is no need to use 'max_bars_back' function for that variable. Pine Script compiler
    will use that constant value as history buffer size.
    If an argument of an operator '[]' is a value, calculated at runtime (e.g. 'v[i]' where 'i' - is a
    series variable) then Pine Script attempts to autodetect the history buffer size at runtime.
    Sometimes it fails and the script crashes at runtime because it eventually refers to historical
    values that are out of the buffer. In that case you should use 'max_bars_back' to fix that
    problem manually.
    max_bars_back(var, num) → void
    EXAMPLE

    //@version=4

    study('My Script')

    close_() => close

    depth() => 400

    d = depth()

    v = close_()

    max_bars_back(v, 500)

    out = if bar_index > 0

    v[d]

    else

    v
    plot(out)
    RETURNS
    void
    ARGUMENTS
    var (series, color, bool) Series variable identifier for which history buffer should be resized.
    Possible values are: 'open', 'high', 'low', 'close', 'volume', 'time', or any user defined variable id.
    num (integer) History buffer size which is the number of bars that could be referenced for
    variable 'var'. This should be a literal integer.
    REMARKS
    At the moment 'max_bars_back' cannot be applied to built-ins like 'hl2', 'hlc3', 'ohlc4'. Please
    use multiple 'max_bars_back' calls as workaround here (e.g. instead of a single
    ‘max_bars_bars(hl2, 100)’ call you should call the function twice: ‘max_bars_bars(high, 100),
    max_bars_bars(low, 100)’).
    If the study or strategy 'max_bars_back' parameter is used, all variables in the study are
    affected. This may result in excessive memory usage and cause runtime problems. When
    possible (i.e. when the cause is a variable rather than a function), please use
    the max_bars_back function instead.
    SEE ALSO
    studystrategy
    mfi
    Money Flow Index. The Money Flow Index (MFI) is a technical oscillator that uses price and
    volume for identifying overbought or oversold conditions in an asset.
    mfi(series, length) → series[float]
    EXAMPLE

    //@version=4

    study('My Script')

    plot(mfi(close, 5), color=color.yellow)

    // the same on pine

    f_mfi(src, length) =>

    float upper = sum(volume * (change(src) <= 0.0 ? 0.0 : src), length)

    float lower = sum(volume * (change(src) >= 0.0 ? 0.0 : src), length)

    if na(lower)

    float res = na

    return = res

    else

    return = rsi(upper, lower)

    plot(f_mfi(close, 5))
    RETURNS
    Money Flow Index.
    ARGUMENTS
    series (series) Series of values to process.
    length (integer) Number of bars (length).
    SEE ALSO
    rsisum
    min
    Returns the smallest of multiple values
    min(x1, x2, ..., x10) -> const integer
    min(x1, x2, ..., x10) -> input integer
    min(x1, x2, ..., x10) -> integer
    min(x1, x2, ..., x10) -> series[integer]
    min(x1, x2, ..., x10) -> const float
    min(x1, x2, ..., x10) -> input float
    min(x1, x2, ..., x10) -> float
    min(x1, x2, ..., x10) -> series[float]
    EXAMPLE

    min(close, open)
    min(close, min(open, 42))
    RETURNS
    The smallest of multiple given values.
    SEE ALSO
    max
    minute
    minute(time) → series[integer]
    RETURNS
    Minute (in exchange timezone) for provided UNIX time.
    ARGUMENTS
    time (series) UNIX time in milliseconds.
    REMARKS
    UNIX time is the number of milliseconds that have elapsed since 00:00:00 UTC, 1 January 1970.
    SEE ALSO
    minutetimeyearmonthdayofmonthdayofweekhoursecond
    mom
    Momentum of x price and x price y bars ago. This is simply a difference x - x[y].
    mom(source, length) → series[float]
    RETURNS
    Momentum of x price and x price y bars ago.
    ARGUMENTS
    source (series) Series of values to process.
    length (integer) Offset from the current bar to the previous bar.
    SEE ALSO
    change
    month
    month(time) → series[integer]
    RETURNS
    Month (in exchange timezone) for provided UNIX time.
    ARGUMENTS
    time (series) UNIX time in milliseconds.
    REMARKS
    UNIX time is the number of milliseconds that have elapsed since 00:00:00 UTC, 1 January 1970.
    SEE ALSO
    monthtimeyeardayofmonthdayofweekhourminutesecond
    na
    Test value if it's a NaN.
    na(x) → bool
    na(x) → series[bool]
    RETURNS
    true if x is not a valid number (x is NaN), otherwise false.
    SEE ALSO
    nafixnannz
    nz
    Replaces NaN values with zeros (or given value) in a series.
    nz(x, y) → integer
    nz(x, y) → float
    nz(x, y) → color
    nz(x, y) → bool
    nz(x, y) → series[integer]
    nz(x, y) → series[float]
    nz(x, y) → series[color]
    nz(x, y) → series[bool]
    nz(x) → integer
    nz(x) → float
    nz(x) → color
    nz(x) → bool
    nz(x) → series[integer]
    nz(x) → series[float]
    nz(x) → series[color]
    nz(x) → series[bool]
    EXAMPLE

    nz(sma(close, 100))
    RETURNS
    Two args version: returns x if it's a valid (not NaN) number, otherwise y
    One arg version: returns x if it's a valid (not NaN) number, otherwise 0
    ARGUMENTS
    x (series) Series of values to process.
    y (float) Value that will be inserted instead of all NaN values in x series.
    SEE ALSO
    nanafixnan
    offset
    Shifts series x on the y bars to the right.
    offset(source, offset) → series[bool]
    offset(source, offset) → series[color]
    offset(source, offset) → series[integer]
    offset(source, offset) → series[float]
    RETURNS
    Shifted series.
    ARGUMENTS
    source (series) Series of values to process.
    offset (integer) Number of bars to offset, must be a positive number. Negative offsets are not
    supported.
    REMARKS
    If you need to shift the series to the left, use combination of offset and plot (with offset
    argument).
    SEE ALSO
    plot
    percentile_linear_interpolation
    Calculates percentile using method of linear interpolation between the two nearest ranks.
    percentile_linear_interpolation(source, length, percentage) → series[float]
    RETURNS
    z-th percentile of x series for y bars back.
    ARGUMENTS
    source (series) Series of values to process (source).
    length (integer) Number of bars back (length).
    percentage (float) Percentage, a number from range 0..100.
    REMARKS
    Note that a percentile calculated using this method will NOT always be a member of the input
    data set.
    SEE ALSO
    percentile_nearest_rank
    percentile_nearest_rank
    Calculates percentile using method of Nearest Rank.
    percentile_nearest_rank(source, length, percentage) → series[float]
    RETURNS
    z-th percentile of x series for y bars back.
    ARGUMENTS
    source (series) Series of values to process (source).
    length (integer) Number of bars back (length).
    percentage (float) Percentage, a number from range 0..100.
    REMARKS
    Using the Nearest Rank method on lengths less than 100 bars back can result in the same
    number being used for more than one percentile.
    A percentile calculated using the Nearest Rank method will always be a member of the input
    data set.
    The 100th percentile is defined to be the largest value in the input data set.
    SEE ALSO
    percentile_linear_interpolation
    percentrank
    Percent rank is the percents of how many previous values was less than or equal to the current
    value of given series.
    percentrank(source, length) → series[float]
    RETURNS
    Percent rank of x for y bars back.
    ARGUMENTS
    source (series) Series of values to process.
    length (integer) Number of bars (length).
    pivothigh
    This function returns price of the pivot high point. It returns 'NaN', if there was no pivot high
    point.
    pivothigh(source, leftbars, rightbars) → series[float]
    pivothigh(leftbars, rightbars) → series[float]
    EXAMPLE

    study("PivotHigh", overlay=true)

    leftBars = input(2)

    rightBars=input(2)

    ph = pivothigh(leftBars, rightBars)
    plot(ph, style=plot.style_cross, linewidth=3, color= color.red, offset=-rightBars)
    RETURNS
    Price of the point or 'NaN'.
    ARGUMENTS
    source (series) An optional parameter. Data series to calculate the value. 'High' by defualt.
    leftbars (series) Left strength.
    rightbars (series) Right strength.
    REMARKS
    If parameters 'leftbars' or 'rightbars' are series you should use max_bars_back function for the
    'source' variable.
    pivotlow
    This function returns price of the pivot low point. It returns 'NaN', if there was no pivot low
    point.
    pivotlow(source, leftbars, rightbars) → series[float]
    pivotlow(leftbars, rightbars) → series[float]
    EXAMPLE

    study("PivotLow", overlay=true)

    leftBars = input(2)

    rightBars=input(2)

    pl = pivotlow(close, leftBars, rightBars)


    plot(pl, style=plot.style_cross, linewidth=3, color= color.blue, offset=-
    rightBars)
    RETURNS
    Price of the point or 'NaN'.
    ARGUMENTS
    source (series) An optional parameter. Data series to calculate the value. 'Low' by default.
    leftbars (series) Left strength.
    rightbars (series) Right strength.
    REMARKS
    If parameters 'leftbars' or 'rightbars' are series you should use max_bars_back function for the
    'source' variable.
    plot
    Plots a series of data on the chart.
    plot(series, title, color, linewidth, style, trackprice, transp, histbase,
    offset, join, editable, show_last, display) → plot
    EXAMPLE

    plot(high+low, title='Title', color=#00ffaa, linewidth=2, style=plot.style_area,


    transp=70, offset=15, trackprice=true)

    // You may fill the background between any two plots with a fill() function:

    p1 = plot(open)

    p2 = plot(close)
    fill(p1, p2, color=color.green)
    RETURNS
    A plot object, that can be used in fill
    ARGUMENTS
    series (series) Series of data to be plotted. Required argument.
    title (const string) Title of the plot.
    color (color) Color of the plot. You can use constants like 'color=color.red' or 'color=#ff001a' as
    well as complex expressions like 'color = close >= open ? color.green : color.red'. Optional
    argument.
    linewidth (input integer) Width of the plotted line, use values from 1 to 4. Default value is 1.
    Not applicable to every style.
    style (input integer) Type of the plot. Possible values
    are: plot.style_line, plot.style_stepline, plot.style_histogram, plot.style_cross, plot.style_area, 
    plot.style_columns, plot.style_circles. Default value is plot.style_line.
    transp (input integer) Transparency of the plot, applicable only to the plot.style_area style.
    Possible values are from 0 (not transparent) to 100 (invisible). Optional argument.
    trackprice (input bool) If true then a horizontal price line will be shown at the level of the last
    study value. Default is false.
    histbase (input float) Price value which will be considered as a start base point when rendering
    plot with plot.style_histogram or plot.style_columns style. Default is 0.0.
    offset (integer) Shifts the plot to the left or to the right on the given number of bars. Default
    is 0.
    join (input bool) If true then plot points will be joined with line, applicable only
    to plot.style_cross and plot.style_circles styles. Default is false.
    editable (const bool) If true then plot style will be editable in Format dialog. Default is true.
    show_last (input integer) If set, defines the number of bars (from the last bar back to the
    past) to plot on chart.
    display (const integer) Controls where the plot is displayed. Possible values
    are: display.none, display.all. Default is display.all
    SEE ALSO
    plotshapeplotcharplotarrowbarcolorbgcolorfill
    plotarrow
    Plots up and down arrows on the chart. Up arrow is drawn at every indicator positive value,
    down arrow is drawn at every negative value. If indicator returns na then no arrow is drawn.
    Arrows has different height, the more absolute indicator value the longer arrow is drawn.
    plotarrow(series, title, colorup, colordown, transp, offset, minheight,
    maxheight, editable, show_last, display) → void
    EXAMPLE

    study("plotarrow example", overlay=true)

    codiff = close - open


    plotarrow(codiff, colorup=color.teal, colordown=color.orange, transp=40)
    ARGUMENTS
    series (series) Series of data to be plotted as arrows. Required argument.
    title (const string) Title of the plot.
    colorup (input color) Color of the up arrows. You can use constants like 'color=color.red' or
    'color=#ff001a', expressions are not allowed. Optional argument.
    colordown (input color) Color of the down arrows. You can use constants like 'color=color.red'
    or 'color=#ff001a', expressions are not allowed. Optional argument.
    transp (input integer) Transparency of the arrows. Possible values are from 0 (not transparent)
    to 100 (invisible). Optional argument.
    offset (integer) Shifts arrows to the left or to the right on the given number of bars. Default is
    0.
    minheight (input integer) Minimal possible arrow height in pixels. Default is 5.
    maxheight (input integer) Maximum possible arrow height in pixels. Default is 100.
    editable (const bool) If true then plotarrow style will be editable in Format dialog. Default is
    true.
    show_last (input integer) If set, defines the number of arrows (from the last bar back to the
    past) to plot on chart.
    display (const integer) Controls where the plot is displayed. Possible values
    are: display.none, display.all. Default is display.all
    REMARKS
    Use plotarrow function in conjunction with 'overlay=true' study parameter!
    SEE ALSO
    plotplotshapeplotcharbarcolorbgcolor
    plotbar
    Plots ohlc bars on the chart.
    plotbar(open, high, low, close, title, color, editable, show_last, display) →
    void
    EXAMPLE

    plotbar(open, high, low, close, title='Title', color = open < close ? color.green :
    color.red)
    ARGUMENTS
    open (series) Open series of data to be used as open values of bars. Required argument.
    high (series) High series of data to be used as high values of bars. Required argument.
    low (series) Low series of data to be used as low values of bars. Required argument.
    close (series) Close series of data to be used as close values of bars. Required argument.
    title (const string) Title of the plotbar. Optional argument.
    color (color) Color of the ohlc bars. You can use constants like 'color=color.red' or
    'color=#ff001a' as well as complex expressions like 'color = close >= open ? color.green :
    color.red'. Optional argument.
    editable (const bool) If true then plotbar style will be editable in Format dialog. Default is
    true.
    show_last (input integer) If set, defines the number of bars (from the last bar back to the
    past) to plot on chart.
    display (const integer) Controls where the plot is displayed. Possible values
    are: display.none, display.all. Default is display.all
    REMARKS
    Even if one value of open, high, low or close equal NaN then bar no draw.
    The maximal value of open, high, low or close will be set as 'high', and the minimal value will
    be set as 'low'.
    SEE ALSO
    plotcandle
    plotcandle
    Plots candles on the chart.
    plotcandle(open, high, low, close, title, color, wickcolor, editable,
    show_last, bordercolor, display) → void
    EXAMPLE

    plotcandle(open, high, low, close, title='Title', color = open < close ? color.green
    : color.red, wickcolor=color.black)
    ARGUMENTS
    open (series) Open series of data to be used as open values of candles. Required argument.
    high (series) High series of data to be used as high values of candles. Required argument.
    low (series) Low series of data to be used as low values of candles. Required argument.
    close (series) Close series of data to be used as close values of candles. Required argument.
    title (const string) Title of the plotcandles. Optional argument.
    color (color) Color of the candles. You can use constants like 'color=color.red' or 'color=#ff001a'
    as well as complex expressions like 'color = close >= open ? color.green : color.red'. Optional
    argument.
    wickcolor (input color) The color of the wick of candles. Must be an input or constant value.
    An optional argument.
    editable (const bool) If true then plotcandle style will be editable in Format dialog. Default is
    true.
    show_last (input integer) If set, defines the number of candles (from the last bar back to the
    past) to plot on chart.
    bordercolor (input color) The border color of candles. Must be an input or constant value. An
    optional argument.
    display (const integer) Controls where the plot is displayed. Possible values
    are: display.none, display.all. Default is display.all
    REMARKS
    Even if one value of open, high, low or close equal NaN then bar no draw.
    The maximal value of open, high, low or close will be set as 'high', and the minimal value will
    be set as 'low'.
    SEE ALSO
    plotbar
    plotchar
    Plots visual shapes using any given one Unicode character on the chart.
    plotchar(series, title, char, location, color, transp, offset, text,
    textcolor, editable, size, show_last, display) → void
    EXAMPLE

    study('plotchar example', overlay=true)

    data = close >= open


    plotchar(data, char='❄')
    ARGUMENTS
    series (series) Series of data to be plotted as shapes. Series is treated as a series of boolean
    values for all location values except location.absolute. Required argument.
    title (const string) Title of the plot.
    char (input string) Character to use as a visual shape.
    location (input string) Location of shapes on the chart. Possible values
    are: location.abovebar, location.belowbar, location.top, location.bottom, location.absolute.
    Default value is location.abovebar.
    color (color) Color of the shapes. You can use constants like 'color=color.red' or 'color=#ff001a'
    as well as complex expressions like 'color = close >= open ? color.green : color.red'. Optional
    argument.
    transp (input integer) Transparency of the shapes. Possible values are from 0 (not transparent)
    to 100 (invisible). Optional argument.
    offset (integer) Shifts shapes to the left or to the right on the given number of bars. Default is
    0.
    text (const string) Text to display with the shape. You can use multiline text, to separate lines
    use '\n' escape sequence. Example: 'line one\nline two'
    textcolor (color) Color of the text. You can use constants like 'textcolor=color.red' or
    'textcolor=#ff001a' as well as complex expressions like 'textcolor = close >= open ? color.green :
    color.red'. Optional argument.
    editable (const bool) If true then plotchar style will be editable in Format dialog. Default is
    true.
    show_last (input integer) If set, defines the number of chars (from the last bar back to the
    past) to plot on chart.
    size (const string) Size of characters on the chart. Possible values
    are: size.auto, size.tiny, size.small, size.normal, size.large, size.huge. Default is size.auto.
    display (const integer) Controls where the plot is displayed. Possible values
    are: display.none, display.all. Default is display.all
    REMARKS
    Use plotchar function in conjunction with 'overlay=true' study parameter!
    SEE ALSO
    plotplotshapeplotarrowbarcolorbgcolor
    plotshape
    Plots visual shapes on the chart.
    plotshape(series, title, style, location, color, transp, offset, text,
    textcolor, editable, size, show_last, display) → void
    EXAMPLE

    study('plotshape example 1', overlay=true)

    data = close >= open


    plotshape(data, style=shape.xcross)
    ARGUMENTS
    series (series) Series of data to be plotted as shapes. Series is treated as a series of boolean
    values for all location values except location.absolute. Required argument.
    title (const string) Title of the plot.
    style (input string) Type of the plot. Possible values
    are: shape.xcross, shape.cross, shape.triangleup, shape.triangledown, shape.flag, shape.circle, 
    shape.arrowup, shape.arrowdown, shape.labelup, shape.labeldown, shape.square, shape.diam
    ond. Default value is shape.xcross.
    location (input string) Location of shapes on the chart. Possible values
    are: location.abovebar, location.belowbar, location.top, location.bottom, location.absolute.
    Default value is location.abovebar.
    color (color) Color of the shapes. You can use constants like 'color=color.red' or 'color=#ff001a'
    as well as complex expressions like 'color = close >= open ? color.green : color.red'. Optional
    argument.
    transp (input integer) Transparency of the shapes. Possible values are from 0 (not transparent)
    to 100 (invisible). Optional argument.
    offset (integer) Shifts shapes to the left or to the right on the given number of bars. Default is
    0.
    text (const string) Text to display with the shape. You can use multiline text, to separate lines
    use '\n' escape sequence. Example: 'line one\nline two'
    textcolor (color) Color of the text. You can use constants like 'textcolor=color.red' or
    'textcolor=#ff001a' as well as complex expressions like 'textcolor = close >= open ? color.green :
    color.red'. Optional argument.
    editable (const bool) If true then plotshape style will be editable in Format dialog. Default is
    true.
    show_last (input integer) If set, defines the number of shapes (from the last bar back to the
    past) to plot on chart.
    size (const string) Size of shapes on the chart. Possible values
    are: size.auto, size.tiny, size.small, size.normal, size.large, size.huge. Default is size.auto.
    display (const integer) Controls where the plot is displayed. Possible values
    are: display.none, display.all. Default is display.all
    REMARKS
    Use plotshape function in conjunction with 'overlay=true' study parameter!
    SEE ALSO
    plotplotcharplotarrowbarcolorbgcolor
    pointfigure
    Creates a ticker identifier for requesting Point & Figure values.
    pointfigure(symbol, source, style, param, reversal) → string
    EXAMPLE

    pnf_tickerid = pointfigure(syminfo.tickerid, "hl", "Traditional", 1, 3)

    pnf_close = security(pnf_tickerid, timeframe.period, close)


    plot(pnf_close)
    RETURNS
    String value of ticker id, that can be supplied to security function.
    ARGUMENTS
    symbol (string) Symbol ticker identifier.
    source (string) The source for calculating Renko. Possible values are: 'hl', 'close'.
    style (string) Box Size Assignment Method: 'ATR', 'Traditional'.
    param (float) ATR Length if `style` is equal to 'ATR', or Box Size if `style` is equal to
    'Traditional'.
    reversal (integer) Reversal amount.
    SEE ALSO
    syminfo.tickeridsyminfo.tickersecurityheikinashirenkolinebreakkagi
    pow
    Mathematical power function.
    pow(base, exponent) → float
    pow(base, exponent) → input float
    pow(base, exponent) → const float
    pow(base, exponent) → series[float]
    EXAMPLE

    pow(close, 2)
    RETURNS
    x raised to the power of y. If x is a series, it is calculated elementwise.
    ARGUMENTS
    base Specify the base to use.
    exponent (float) Specifies the exponent.
    SEE ALSO
    sqrtexp
    renko
    Creates a ticker identifier for requesting Renko values.
    renko(symbol, style, param) → string
    EXAMPLE

    renko_tickerid = renko(syminfo.tickerid, "ATR", 10)

    renko_close = security(renko_tickerid, timeframe.period, close)


    plot(renko_close)
    RETURNS
    String value of ticker id, that can be supplied to security function.
    ARGUMENTS
    symbol (string) Symbol ticker identifier.
    style (string) Box Size Assignment Method: 'ATR', 'Traditional'.
    param (float) ATR Length if `style` is equal to 'ATR', or Box Size if `style` is equal to
    'Traditional'.
    SEE ALSO
    syminfo.tickeridsyminfo.tickersecurityheikinashilinebreakkagipointfigure
    rising
    Test if the x series is now rising for y bars long.
    rising(source, length) → series[bool]
    RETURNS
    true if current x is greater than any previous x for y bars back, false otherwise.
    ARGUMENTS
    source (series) Series of values to process.
    length (integer) Number of bars (length).
    SEE ALSO
    falling
    rma
    Moving average used in RSI. It is the exponentially weighted moving average with alpha = 1 /
    length.
    rma(source, length) → series[float]
    EXAMPLE

    plot(rma(close, 15))

    // same on pine, but much less efficient

    pine_rma(x, y) =>

    alpha = y

    sum = 0.0

    sum := (x + (alpha - 1) * nz(sum[1])) / alpha


    plot(pine_rma(close, 15))
    RETURNS
    Exponential moving average of x with alpha = 1 / y.
    ARGUMENTS
    source (series) Series of values to process.
    length (integer) Number of bars (length).
    SEE ALSO
    smaemawmavwmaswmaalmarsi
    roc
    Function roc (rate of change) showing the difference between current value of x and the value
    of x that was y days ago.
    roc(source, length) → series[float]
    RETURNS
    The rate of change of x for y bars back.
    ARGUMENTS
    source (series) Series of values to process.
    length (integer) Number of bars (length).
    round
    The round function returns the value of the argument rounded to the nearest integer, with ties
    rounding up.
    round(x) → integer
    round(x) → input integer
    round(x) → const integer
    round(x) → series[integer]
    RETURNS
    The value of the argument rounded to the nearest integer.
    SEE ALSO
    ceilfloor
    rsi
    Relative strength index. It is calculated based on rma's of upward and downward change of x.
    rsi(x, y) → series[float]
    EXAMPLE

    plot(rsi(close, 7))

    // same on pine, but less efficient

    pine_rsi(x, y) =>

    u = max(x - x[1], 0) // upward change

    d = max(x[1] - x, 0) // downward change

    rs = rma(u, y) / rma(d, y)

    res = 100 - 100 / (1 + rs)

    res

    plot(pine_rsi(close, 7))
    RETURNS
    Relative strength index.
    ARGUMENTS
    x (series)
    y (integer, series)
    REMARKS
    If x is a series and y is integer then x is a source series and y is a length.
    If x is a series and y is a series then x and y are considered to be 2 calculated MAs for upward
    and downward changes.
    SEE ALSO
    rma
    sar
    Parabolic SAR (parabolic stop and reverse) is a method devised by J. Welles Wilder, Jr., to find
    potential reversals in the market price direction of traded goods.
    sar(start, inc, max) → series[float]
    EXAMPLE
    plot(sar(0.2, 0.2, .2), style=plot.style_cross, linewidth=3)
    RETURNS
    Parabolic SAR.
    ARGUMENTS
    start (float) Start.
    inc (float) Increment.
    max (float) Maximum.
    second
    second(time) → series[integer]
    RETURNS
    Second (in exchange timezone) for provided UNIX time.
    ARGUMENTS
    time (series) UNIX time in milliseconds.
    REMARKS
    UNIX time is the number of milliseconds that have elapsed since 00:00:00 UTC, 1 January 1970.
    SEE ALSO
    secondtimeyearmonthdayofmonthdayofweekhourminute
    security
    Request another symbol/resolution
    security(symbol, resolution, expression, gaps, lookahead) → series[float]
    security(symbol, resolution, expression, gaps, lookahead) → series[integer]
    security(symbol, resolution, expression, gaps, lookahead) → series[bool]
    security(symbol, resolution, expression, gaps, lookahead) → series[color]
    EXAMPLE

    s = security("MSFT", "D", close) // 1 Day

    plot(s)

    expr = sma(close, 10)

    s1 = security("AAPL", "240", expr) // 240 Minutes

    plot(s1)

    // To avoid difference in calculation on history/realtime you can request not latest values and
    use merge strategy flags as follows:

    s2=security(syminfo.tickerid, "D", close[1], barmerge.gaps_off,


    barmerge.lookahead_on)
    plot(s2)
    RETURNS
    Requested series.
    ARGUMENTS
    symbol (string) Symbol.
    resolution (string) Resolution.
    expression (series) Expression to calculate and return from the security call.
    gaps (const bool) Merge strategy for the requested data (requested data automatically merges
    with the main series OHLC data). Possible
    values: barmerge.gaps_on, barmerge.gaps_off. barmerge.gaps_on - requested data is merged
    with possible gaps (na values). barmerge.gaps_off - requested data is merged continuously
    without gaps, all the gaps are filled with the previous nearest existing values. Default value
    is barmerge.gaps_off.
    lookahead (const bool) Merge strategy for the requested data position. Possible
    values: barmerge.lookahead_on, barmerge.lookahead_off. Default value
    is barmerge.lookahead_off starting from version 3. Note that behavour is the same on real-
    time, and differs only on history.
    REMARKS
    PineScript code that uses this function could calculate differently on history and real-time
    data.
    The resolution argument allowable values are:
     1S, 5S, 15S, 30S - for seconds intervals (chart resolution should be less than or equal to
    the requested resolution)
     from 1 to 1440 for minutes
     from 1D to 365D for days
     from 1W to 52W for weeks
     from 1M to 12M for months
    SEE ALSO
    syminfo.tickersyminfo.tickeridtimeframe.periodcorrelationbarmerge.lookahead_offbarmerge.lo
    okahead_on
    sign
    Sign (signum) of x is zero if the x is zero, 1.0 if the x is greater than zero, -1.0 if the x is less
    than zero.
    sign(x) → float
    sign(x) → input float
    sign(x) → const float
    sign(x) → series[float]
    RETURNS
    The sign of the argument.
    sin
    The sin function returns the trigonometric sine of an angle.
    sin(x) → float
    sin(x) → input float
    sin(x) → const float
    sin(x) → series[float]
    RETURNS
    The trigonometric sine of an angle.
    ARGUMENTS
    x Angle, in radians.
    sma
    The sma function returns the moving average, that is the sum of last y values of x, divided by
    y.
    sma(source, length) → series[float]
    EXAMPLE

    plot(sma(close, 15))

    // same on pine, but much less efficient

    pine_sma(x, y) =>

    sum = 0.0

    for i = 0 to y - 1

    sum := sum + x[i] / y

    sum
    plot(pine_sma(close, 15))
    RETURNS
    Simple moving average of x for y bars back.
    ARGUMENTS
    source (series) Series of values to process.
    length (integer) Number of bars (length).
    SEE ALSO
    emarmawmavwmaswmaalma
    sqrt
    Square root of any x >= 0 is the unique y >= 0 such that y^2 = x
    sqrt(x) → float
    sqrt(x) → input float
    sqrt(x) → const float
    sqrt(x) → series[float]
    RETURNS
    The square root of x.
    SEE ALSO
    pow
    stdev
    stdev(source, length) → series[float]
    RETURNS
    Standard deviation.
    ARGUMENTS
    source (series) Series of values to process.
    length (integer) Number of bars (length).
    REMARKS
    This is a biased estimation of standard deviation.
    SEE ALSO
    devvariance
    stoch
    Stochastic. It is calculated by a formula: 100 * (close - lowest(low, length)) / (highest(high,
    length) - lowest(low, length))
    stoch(source, high, low, length) → series[float]
    RETURNS
    Stochastic.
    ARGUMENTS
    source (series) Source series.
    high (series) Series of high.
    low (series) Series of low.
    length (integer) Length (number of bars back).
    SEE ALSO
    cog
    str.replace_all
    Replaces each occurrence of the target string in the source string with the replacement string.
    str.replace_all(source, target, replacement) → string
    str.replace_all(source, target, replacement) → series[string]
    RETURNS
    Processed string.
    ARGUMENTS
    source (string) Source string
    target (string) String to be replaced
    replacement (string) String to be substituted for each occurrence of target string
    strategy
    The function sets a number of strategy properties.
    strategy(title, shorttitle, overlay, format, precision, scale, pyramiding,
    calc_on_order_fills, calc_on_every_tick, max_bars_back,
    backtest_fill_limits_assumption, default_qty_type, default_qty_value,
    initial_capital, currency, slippage, commission_type, commission_value,
    process_orders_on_close, close_entries_rule) → void
    EXAMPLE

    strategy(title='MyStrategy')
    strategy(title="MyStrategy", shorttitle="MS", pyramiding = 10)
    ARGUMENTS
    title (const string) study title that would be seen in Indicators/Strategies widget. Argument IS
    REQUIRED.
    shorttitle (const string) study short title that would be seen in the chart legend. Argument is
    optional.
    overlay (const bool) if true the study will be added as an overlay for the main series. If false -
    it would be added on a separate chart pane. Default is false.
    format (const string) type of formatting study values on the price axis. Possible values
    are: format.inherit, format.price, format.volume. Default is format.inherit.
    precision (const integer) number of digits after the floating point for study values on the price
    axis. Must be a non negative integer and not greater than 16. If omitted, using formatting from
    parent series. If format is format.inherit and this argument is set, then format
    becomes format.price.
    scale (const integer) price scale that the indicator should be attached to. Possible values
    are: scale.right, scale.left, scale.none. Value scale.none can be applied only in combination
    with 'overlay=true' setting. If omitted, using scale from main series.
    pyramiding (const integer) Maximum number of entries allowed in the same direction. If the
    value is 0, only one entry order in the same direction can be opened, any additional entry
    order is rejected. The defualt value is 0.
    calc_on_order_fills (const bool) Additional one time intrabar order calculation. If the
    parameter is set to 'true', then the strategy is recalculated once intrabar after an order is filled
    (not only at close of the bar). The default value is 'false'.
    calc_on_every_tick (const bool) Additional intrabar strategy calculations. If the parameter is
    'true', then the strategy will calculate on every tick in real-time, rather than on bars' closes.
    The parameter does not affect strategy calculation on historical data. The default value is
    'false'.
    max_bars_back (const integer) Maximum number of bars available for a strategy for historical
    reference. This parameter is applied to every built-in or user variable in the script if there is a
    reference to historical data of a variable in the script code (‘[]’ operator is used). Variable
    buffer sizes in the Pine Script are typically autodetected. This however is not possible in
    certain cases which is why the parameter allows a user to manually set the lower bound of this
    value. NOTE: using of the max_bars_back function instead of the parameter is optimal because
    it applies to only one variable.
    backtest_fill_limits_assumption (const integer) Limit order execution assumption. Limit
    orders are filled intrabar only if market price exceeds the limit order level by the specified
    number of in ticks.
    default_qty_type (const string) Parameter to determine the number of
    contracts/shares/lots/units to trade, if the 'qty' = 'NaN'. The allowed values
    are: strategy.fixed (fixed quantity by default), strategy.cash (specified in currency of the
    symbol and the amount is converted into quantity), strategy.percent_of_equity (% of currently
    available equity).
    default_qty_value (const float) Number of contracts/shares/lots/units if
    'default_qty_type'=strategy.fixed is used; or amount of cash in currency of the symbol if
    'default_qty_type'=strategy.cash is used; or number of percents of currently available equity if
    'default_qty_type'=strategy.percent_of_equity is used.
    currency (const string) Account currency for this strategy. Possible values
    are: NONE, USD, EUR, AUD, GBP, NZD, CAD, CHF, HKD, JPY, NOK, SEK, SGD, TRY, ZAR
    linktoseries (const bool) if true then the study will be always on the same pane and same
    price scale as the main series. Should be used only in combination with 'overlay=true'. Default
    is false.
    slippage (const integer) Slippage for market and stop orders in points impairs the filling price
    of market and stop-market orders for a specified number of points.
    commission_type (const string) Commission type for an order. The allowed values
    are: strategy.commission.percent (a percentage of the cash volume of
    order), strategy.commission.cash_per_contract (money displayed in the account currency per
    contract), strategy.commission.cash_per_order (money displayed in the account currency per
    order).
    commission_value (const float) Commission value for an order. Depending on the type
    selected (commission_type) includes percentage or money.
    process_orders_on_close (const bool) When set to `true`, generates an additional attempt to
    execute orders after a bar closes and strategy calculations are completed. If the orders are
    market orders, the broker emulator executes them before the next bar's open. If the orders are
    conditional on price, they will only be filled if the price conditions are met. This option is
    useful if you wish to close positions on the current bar. The default value is 'false'.
    close_entries_rule (const string) Determines the order in which orders are closed. Allowed
    values are: 'FIFO' or 'ANY'. FIFO (First-In, First-Out) means that when several trades are open,
    the earliest trades must be closed first. This rule applies to stocks, futures and US forex (NFA
    Compliance Rule 2-43b). 'ANY' means that trades may be closed in any order; this is allowed in
    non-US forex. The default value is 'FIFO'.
    REMARKS
    Every strategy script must have one strategy call.
    PineScript code that uses argument calc_on_every_tick=true could calculate differently on
    history and real-time data.
    When using non-standard types of chart as a basis for strategy, you need to realize that the
    result will be different. The orders will be executed at the prices of this chart (e.g.for Heikin
    Ashi it’ll take Heikin Ashi prices (the average ones) not the real market prices). Therefore we
    highly recommend you to use standard chart type for strategies.
    strategy.cancel
    It is a command to cancel/deactivate pending orders by referencing their names, which were
    generated by the functions: strategy.order, strategy.entry and strategy.exit.
    strategy.cancel(id, when) → void
    EXAMPLE

    strategy(title = "simple order cancellation example")

    conditionForBuy = open > high[1]

    strategy.entry("long", true, 1, limit = low, when = conditionForBuy) // enter long


    using limit order at low price of current bar if conditionForBuy is true
    strategy.cancel("long", when = not conditionForBuy) // cancel the entry order with name
    "long" if conditionForBuy is false
    ARGUMENTS
    id (string) A required parameter. The order identifier. It is possible to cancel an order by
    referencing its identifier.
    when (bool) An optional parameter. Condition to cancel an order with specified ID. If condition
    is true, then the order with specified ID will be cancelled. Default value is 'true'.
    strategy.cancel_all
    It is a command to cancel/deactivate all pending orders, which were generated by the
    functions: strategy.order, strategy.entry and strategy.exit.
    strategy.cancel_all(when) → void
    EXAMPLE

    strategy(title = "simple all orders cancellation example")

    conditionForBuy1 = open > high[1]


    strategy.entry("long entry 1", true, 1, limit = low, when = conditionForBuy1) // enter
    long by limit if conditionForBuy1 is true

    conditionForBuy2 = conditionForBuy1 and open[1] > high[2]

    strategy.entry("long entry 2", true, 1, limit = lowest(low, 2), when =


    conditionForBuy2) // enter long by limit if conditionForBuy2 is true

    conditionForStopTrading = open < lowest(low, 2)


    strategy.cancel_all(conditionForStopTrading) // cancel both limit orders if the conditon
    conditionForStopTrading is true
    ARGUMENTS
    when (bool) An optional parameter. Condition to cancel all orders. If condition is true, then all
    active orders will be cancelled. Default value is 'true'.
    strategy.close
    It is a command to exit from the entry with the specified ID. If there were multiple entry
    orders with the same ID, all of them are exited at once. If there are no open entries with the
    specified ID by the moment the command is triggered, the command will not come into effect.
    The command uses market order. Every entry is closed by a separate market order.
    strategy.close(id, when, comment, qty, qty_percent) → void
    EXAMPLE

    strategy("closeEntry Demo", overlay=false)

    strategy.entry("buy", true, when = open > close)

    strategy.close("buy", when = open < close, qty_percent = 50, comment = "close buy
    entry for 50%")
    plot(strategy.position_size)
    ARGUMENTS
    id (string) A required parameter. The order identifier. It is possible to close an order by
    referencing its identifier.
    when (bool) An optional parameter. Condition of the command.
    qty (float) An optional parameter. It is the number of contracts/shares/lots/units needed to
    exit a trade. The default value is 'NaN'.
    qty_percent (float) An optional parameter. Defines the percentage of entered
    contracts/shares/lots/units needed to exit a trade. When its value is not NaN, its priority is
    higher than that of the 'qty' parameter. Its value can range from 0 to 100. If 'qty' is NaN, the
    default value of 'qty_percent' is 100.
    comment (string) An optional parameter. Additional notes and commentary on the order.
    strategy.close_all
    It is a command to exit from current market position making it flat. If there is no open market
    position by the moment the command is triggered, the command will not come into effect.
    strategy.close_all(when, comment) → void
    EXAMPLE

    strategy("closeAll Demo", overlay=false)

    strategy.entry("buy", true, when = open > close)


    strategy.close_all(when = open < close, comment = "close all entries")
    plot(strategy.position_size)
    ARGUMENTS
    when (bool) An optional parameter. Condition of the command.
    comment (string) An optional parameter. Additional notes and commentary on the order.
    strategy.entry
    It is a command to enter market position. If an order with the same ID is already pending, it is
    possible to modify the order. If there is no order with the specified ID, a new order is placed.
    To deactivate an entry order, the command strategy.cancel or strategy.cancel_all should be
    used. In comparison to the function strategy.order, the function strategy.entry is affected by
    pyramiding and it can reverse market position correctly. If both 'limit' and 'stop' parameters are
    'NaN', the order type is market order.
    strategy.entry(id, long, qty, limit, stop, oca_name, oca_type, comment, when)
    → void
    EXAMPLE

    strategy(title = "simple gap strategy example")

    strategy.entry("enter long", true, 1, when = open > high[1]) // enter long by market if
    current open great then previous high
    strategy.entry("enter short", false, 1, when = open < low[1]) // enter short by market if
    current open less then previous low
    ARGUMENTS
    id (string) A required parameter. The order identifier. It is possible to cancel or modify an
    order by referencing its identifier.
    long (bool) A required parameter. Market position direction: 'true' or 'strategy.long' is for long,
    'false' or 'strategy.short' is for short.
    qty (float) An optional parameter. Number of contracts/shares/lots/units to trade. The default
    value is 'NaN'.
    limit (float) An optional parameter. Limit price of the order. If it is specified, the order type is
    either 'limit', or 'stop-limit'. 'NaN' should be specified for any other order type.
    stop (float) An optional parameter. Stop price of the order. If it is specified, the order type is
    either 'stop', or 'stop-limit'. 'NaN' should be specified for any other order type.
    oca_name (string) An optional parameter. Name of the OCA group the order belongs to. If the
    order should not belong to any particular OCA group, there should be an empty string.
    oca_type (string) An optional parameter. Type of the OCA group. The allowed values
    are: strategy.oca.none - the order should not belong to any particular OCA
    group; strategy.oca.cancel - the order should belong to an OCA group, where as soon as an
    order is filled, all other orders of the same group are cancelled; strategy.oca.reduce - the
    order should belong to an OCA group, where if X number of contracts of an order is filled,
    number of contracts for each other order of the same OCA group is decreased by X.
    comment (string) An optional parameter. Additional notes and commentary on the order.
    when (bool) An optional parameter. Condition of the order. The order is placed if condition is
    'true'. If condition is 'false', nothing happens (the previously placed order with the same ID is
    not cancelled). Default value is 'true'.
    strategy.exit
    It is a command to exit either a specific entry, or whole market position. If an order with the
    same ID is already pending, it is possible to modify the order. If an entry order was not filled,
    but an exit order is generated, the exit order will wait till entry order is filled and then the
    exit order is placed. To deactivate an exit order, the
    command strategy.cancel or strategy.cancel_all should be used. If the function strategy.exit is
    called once, it exits a position only once. If you want to exit multiple times, the
    command strategy.exit should be called multiple times. If you use a stop loss and a trailing
    stop, their order type is 'stop', so only one of them is placed (the one that is supposed to be
    filled first). If all the following parameters 'profit', 'limit', 'loss', 'stop', 'trail_points', 'trail_offset'
    are 'NaN', the command will fail. To use market order to exit, the
    command strategy.close or strategy.close_all should be used.
    strategy.exit(id, from_entry, qty, qty_percent, profit, limit, loss, stop,
    trail_price, trail_points, trail_offset, oca_name, comment, when) → void
    EXAMPLE

    strategy(title = "simple strategy exit example")

    strategy.entry("long", true, 1, when = open > high[1]) // enter long by market if current
    open great then previous high
    strategy.exit("exit", "long", profit = 10, loss = 5) // generate full exit bracket (profit
    10 points, loss 5 points per contract) from entry with name "long"
    ARGUMENTS
    id (string) A required parameter. The order identifier. It is possible to cancel or modify an
    order by referencing its identifier.
    from_entry (string) An optional parameter. The identifier of a specific entry order to exit from
    it. To exit all entries an empty string should be used. The default values is empty string.
    qty (float) An optional parameter. It is the number of contracts/shares/lots/units needed to
    exit a trade. The default value is 'NaN'.
    qty_percent (float) An optional parameter. Defines the percentage of entered
    contracts/shares/lots/units needed to exit a trade. When its value is not NaN, its priority is
    higher than that of the 'qty' parameter. Its value can range from 0 to 100. If 'qty' is NaN, the
    default value of 'qty_percent' is 100.
    profit (float) An optional parameter. Profit target (specified in ticks). If it is specified, a limit
    order is placed to exit market position when the specified amount of profit (in ticks) is
    reached. The default value is 'NaN'.
    limit (float) An optional parameter. Profit target (requires a specific price). If it is specified, a
    limit order is placed to exit market position at the specified price (or better). Priority of the
    parameter 'limit' is higher than priority of the parameter 'profit' ('limit' is used instead of
    'profit', if its value is not 'NaN'). The default value is 'NaN'.
    loss (float) An optional parameter. Stop loss (specified in ticks). If it is specified, a stop order
    is placed to exit market position when the specified amount of loss (in ticks) is reached. The
    default value is 'NaN'.
    stop (float) An optional parameter. Stop loss (requires a specific price). If it is specified, a stop
    order is placed to exit market position at the specified price (or worse). Priority of the
    parameter 'stop' is higher than priority of the parameter 'loss' ('stop' is used instead of 'loss', if
    its value is not 'NaN'). The default value is 'NaN'.
    trail_price (float) An optional parameter. Trailing stop activation level (requires a specific
    price). If it is specified, a trailing stop order will be placed when the specified price level is
    reached. The offset (in ticks) to determine initial price of the trailing stop order is specified in
    the 'trail_offset' parameter: X ticks lower than activation level to exit long position; X ticks
    higher than activation level to exit short position. The default value is 'NaN'.
    trail_points (float) An optional parameter. Trailing stop activation level (profit specified in
    ticks). If it is specified, a trailing stop order will be placed when the calculated price level
    (specified amount of profit) is reached. The offset (in ticks) to determine initial price of the
    trailing stop order is specified in the 'trail_offset' parameter: X ticks lower than activation level
    to exit long position; X ticks higher than activation level to exit short position. The default
    value is 'NaN'.
    trail_offset (float) An optional parameter. Trailing stop price (specified in ticks). The offset in
    ticks to determine initial price of the trailing stop order: X ticks lower than 'trail_price' or
    'trail_points' to exit long position; X ticks higher than 'trail_price' or 'trail_points' to exit short
    position. The default value is 'NaN'.
    oca_name (string) An optional parameter. Name of the OCA group (oca_type
    = strategy.oca.reduce) the profit target, the stop loss / the trailing stop orders belong to. If
    the name is not specified, it will be generated automatically.
    comment (string) An optional parameter. Additional notes and commentary on the order.
    when (bool) An optional parameter. Condition of the order. The order is placed if condition is
    'true'. If condition is 'false', nothing happens (the previously placed order with the same ID is
    not cancelled). Default value is 'true'.
    strategy.order
    It is a command to place order. If an order with the same ID is already pending, it is possible to
    modify the order. If there is no order with the specified ID, a new order is placed. To
    deactivate order, the command strategy.cancel or strategy.cancel_all should be used. In
    comparison to the function strategy.entry, the function strategy.order is not affected by
    pyramiding. If both 'limit' and 'stop' parameters are 'NaN', the order type is market order.
    strategy.order(id, long, qty, limit, stop, oca_name, oca_type, comment, when)
    → void
    EXAMPLE

    strategy(title = "simple gap strategy example")

    strategy.order("buy", true, 1, when = open > high[1]) // buy by market if current open
    great then previous high
    strategy.order("sell", false, 1, when = open < low[1]) // sell by market if current open
    less then previous low
    ARGUMENTS
    id (string) A required parameter. The order identifier. It is possible to cancel or modify an
    order by referencing its identifier.
    long (bool) A required parameter. Order direction: 'true' or 'strategy.long' is for buy, 'false' or
    'strategy.short' is for sell.
    qty (float) An optional parameter. Number of contracts/shares/lots/units to trade. The default
    value is 'NaN'.
    limit (float) An optional parameter. Limit price of the order. If it is specified, the order type is
    either 'limit', or 'stop-limit'. 'NaN' should be specified for any other order type.
    stop (float) An optional parameter. Stop price of the order. If it is specified, the order type is
    either 'stop', or 'stop-limit'. 'NaN' should be specified for any other order type.
    oca_name (string) An optional parameter. Name of the OCA group the order belongs to. If the
    order should not belong to any particular OCA group, there should be an empty string.
    oca_type (string) An optional parameter. Type of the OCA group. The allowed values
    are: strategy.oca.none - the order should not belong to any particular OCA
    group; strategy.oca.cancel - the order should belong to an OCA group, where as soon as an
    order is filled, all other orders of the same group are cancelled; strategy.oca.reduce - the
    order should belong to an OCA group, where if X number of contracts of an order is filled,
    number of contracts for each other order of the same OCA group is decreased by X.
    comment (string) An optional parameter. Additional notes and commentary on the order.
    when (bool) An optional parameter. Condition of the order. The order is placed if condition is
    'true'. If condition is 'false', nothing happens (the previously placed order with the same ID is
    not cancelled). Default value is 'true'.
    strategy.risk.allow_entry_in
    The purpose of this rule is to forbid short entries, only long etries will be placed. The rule
    affects the following function: 'entry'.
    strategy.risk.allow_entry_in(value) → void
    EXAMPLE

    strategy("risk.long_only Demo")

    strategy.risk.allow_entry_in(strategy.direction.long) // There will be no short entries,


    only exits from long.

    strategy.entry("buy", true, when = open > close)


    strategy.entry("sell", false, when = open < close)
    ARGUMENTS
    value (string) To determine allowed market position direction, please specify one of the
    following values: strategy.direction.all (by
    default), strategy.direction.long, strategy.direction.short
    strategy.risk.max_cons_loss_days
    The purpose of this rule is to cancel all pending orders, close all open positions and stop
    placing orders after a specified number of consecutive days with losses. The rule affects the
    whole strategy.
    strategy.risk.max_cons_loss_days(count) → void
    EXAMPLE

    strategy("risk.max_cons_loss_days Demo 1")

    strategy.risk.max_cons_loss_days(3) // No orders will be placed after 3 days, if each day is


    with loss.
    // ...
    ARGUMENTS
    count (float) A required parameter. The allowed number of consecutive days with losses.
    strategy.risk.max_drawdown
    The purpose of this rule is to determine maximum drawdown. The rule affects the whole
    strategy. Once the maximum drawdown value is reached, all pending orders are cancelled, all
    open positions are closed and no new orders can be placed.
    strategy.risk.max_drawdown(value, type) → void
    EXAMPLE

    strategy("risk.max_drawdown Demo 1")

    strategy.risk.max_drawdown(50, strategy.percent_of_equity) // set maximum


    drawdown to 50% of maximum equity

    // ...

    strategy("risk.max_drawdown Demo 2", currency = EUR)

    strategy.risk.max_drawdown(2000, strategy.cash) // set maximum drawdown to 2000


    EUR from maximum equity
    // ...
    ARGUMENTS
    value (float) A required parameter. The maximum drawdown value. It is specified either in
    money (base currency), or in percentage of maximum equity. For % of equity the range of
    allowed values is from 0 to 100.
    type (string) A required parameter. The type of the value. Please specify one of the following
    values: strategy.percent_of_equity or strategy.cash. Note: if equity drops down to zero or to a
    negative and the 'strategy.percent_of_equity' is specified, all pending orders are cancelled, all
    open positions are closed and no new orders can be placed for good.
    strategy.risk.max_intraday_filled_orders
    The purpose of this rule is to determine maximum number of filled orders per 1 day (per 1 bar,
    if chart resolution is higher than 1 day). The rule affects the whole strategy. Once the
    maximum number of filled orders is reached, all pending orders are cancelled, all open
    positions are closed and no new orders can be placed till the end of the current trading session.
    strategy.risk.max_intraday_filled_orders(count) → void
    EXAMPLE

    strategy("risk.max_intraday_filled_orders Demo")

    strategy.risk.max_intraday_filled_orders(10) // After 10 orders are filled, no more strategy


    orders will be placed (except for a market order to exit current open market position, if there
    is any).

    strategy.entry("buy", true, when = open > close)


    strategy.entry("sell", false, when = open < close)
    ARGUMENTS
    count (float) A required parameter. The maximum number of filled orders per 1 day
    strategy.risk.max_intraday_loss
    The purpose of this rule is to determine maximum loss per 1 day (per 1 bar, if chart resolution
    is higher than 1 day). The rule affects the whole strategy. Once the maximum loss value is
    reached, all pending orders are cancelled, all open positions are closed and no new orders can
    be placed till the end of the current trading session.
    strategy.risk.max_intraday_loss(value, type) → void
    EXAMPLE

    strategy("risk.max_intraday_loss Demo 1")

    strategy.risk.max_intraday_loss(10, strategy.percent_of_equity) // set maximum


    intraday loss to 10% of maximum intraday equity

    // ...

    strategy("risk.max_intraday_loss Demo 2", currency = EUR)

    strategy.risk.max_intraday_loss(100, strategy.cash) // set maximum intraday loss to 100


    EUR from maximum intraday equity
    // ...
    ARGUMENTS
    value (float) A required parameter. The maximum loss value. It is specified either in money
    (base currency), or in percentage of maximum intraday equity. For % of equity the range of
    allowed values is from 0 to 1 (where 1 = 100%).
    type (string) A required parameter. The type of the value. Please specify one of the following
    values: strategy.percent_of_equity or strategy.cash. Note: if equity drops down to zero or to a
    negative and the strategy.percent_of_equity is specified, all pending orders are cancelled, all
    open positions are closed and no new orders can be placed for good.
    strategy.risk.max_position_size
    The purpose of this rule is to determine maximum size of a market position. The rule affects
    the following function: strategy.entry. The 'entry' quantity can be reduced (if needed) to such
    number of contracts/shares/lots/units, so the total position size doesn't exceed the value
    specified in 'strategy.risk.max_position_size'. If minimum possible quantity still violates the
    rule, the order will not be placed.
    strategy.risk.max_position_size(contracts) → void
    EXAMPLE

    strategy("risk.max_position_size Demo", default_qty_value = 100)

    strategy.risk.max_position_size(10)

    strategy.entry("buy", true, when = open > close)


    plot(strategy.position_size) // max plot value will be 10
    ARGUMENTS
    contracts (float) A required parameter. Maximum number of contracts/shares/lots/units in a
    position
    string
    Casts na to string
    string(x) → const string
    string(x) → input string
    string(x) → string
    string(x) → series[string]
    RETURNS
    The value of the argument after casting to string.
    SEE ALSO
    floatintboolcolorlinelabel
    study
    The function sets a number of study properties.
    study(title, shorttitle, overlay, format, precision, scale, max_bars_back) →
    void
    EXAMPLE

    study(title='MyScriptStudy')
    study(title="MyScriptStudy", shorttitle="MSS", precision=6, overlay=true)
    ARGUMENTS
    title (const string) study title that would be seen in Indicators widget. Argument IS REQUIRED.
    shorttitle (const string) study short title that would be seen in the chart legend. Argument is
    optional.
    overlay (const bool) if true the study will be added as an overlay for the main series. If false -
    it would be added on a separate chart pane. Default is false.
    format (const string) type of formatting study values on the price axis. Possible values
    are: format.inherit, format.price, format.volume. Default is format.inherit.
    precision (const integer) number of digits after the floating point for study values on the price
    axis. Must be a non negative integer and not greater than 16. If omitted, using formatting from
    parent series. If format is format.inherit and this argument is set, then format
    becomes format.price.
    scale (const integer) price scale that the indicator should be attached to. Possible values
    are: scale.right, scale.left, scale.none. Value scale.none can be applied only in combination
    with 'overlay=true' setting. If omitted, using scale from main series.
    max_bars_back (const integer) Maximum number of bars available for a study for historical
    reference. This parameter is applied to every built-in or user variable in the script if there is a
    reference to historical data of a variable in the script code (‘[]’ operator is used). Variable
    buffer sizes in the Pine Script are typically autodetected. This however is not possible in
    certain cases which is why the parameter allows a user to manually set the lower bound of this
    value. NOTE: using of the max_bars_back function instead of the parameter is optimal because
    it applies to only one variable.
    linktoseries (const bool) if true then the study will be always on the same pane and same
    price scale as the main series. Should be used only in combination with 'overlay=true'. Default
    is false.
    REMARKS
    Every script must have one study call.
    sum
    The sum function returns the sliding sum of last y values of x.
    sum(source, length) → series[float]
    RETURNS
    Sum of x for y bars back.
    ARGUMENTS
    source (series) Series of values to process.
    length (integer) Number of bars (length).
    SEE ALSO
    cumfor
    supertrend
    The Supertrend Indicator. The Supertrend is a trend following indicator.
    supertrend(factor, atrPeriod) → [series[float], series[float]]
    EXAMPLE

    //@version=4

    study("Supertrend", overlay=true)

    mult = input(type=input.float, defval=4)

    len = input(type=input.integer, defval=14)

    [superTrend, dir] = supertrend(mult, len)

    colResistance = dir == 1 and dir == dir[1] ? color.new(color.red, 0) :


    color.new(color.red, 100)

    colSupport = dir == -1 and dir == dir[1] ? color.new(color.green, 0) :


    color.new(color.green, 100)

    plot(superTrend, color = colResistance, linewidth=2)


    plot(superTrend, color = colSupport, linewidth=2)
    RETURNS
    Tuple of two supertrend series: supertrend line and direction of trend. Possible values are 1
    (up direction) and -1 (down direction).
    ARGUMENTS
    factor (series) The multiplier by which the ATR will get multiplied.
    atrPeriod (integer) Length of ATR.
    SEE ALSO
    macd
    swma
    Symmetrically weighted moving average with fixed length: 4. Weights: [1/6, 2/6, 2/6, 1/6].
    swma(x) → series[float]
    EXAMPLE

    plot(swma(close))

    // same on pine, but less efficient

    pine_swma(x) =>

    x[3] * 1 / 6 + x[2] * 2 / 6 + x[1] * 2 / 6 + x[0] * 1 / 6


    plot(pine_swma(close))
    RETURNS
    Symmetrically weighted moving average
    ARGUMENTS
    x (series) Source series.
    SEE ALSO
    smaemarmawmavwmaalma
    tan
    The tan function returns the trigonometric tangent of an angle.
    tan(x) → float
    tan(x) → input float
    tan(x) → const float
    tan(x) → series[float]
    RETURNS
    The trigonometric tangent of an angle.
    ARGUMENTS
    x Angle, in radians.
    tickerid
    Creates a ticker identifier for requesting additional data for the script.
    tickerid(prefix, ticker, session, adjustment) → string
    EXAMPLE

    study("tickerid fun", overlay=true)

    t = tickerid(syminfo.prefix, syminfo.ticker, session.regular, adjustment.splits)

    t2 = heikinashi(t)

    c = security(t2, timeframe.period, low, true)


    plot(c, style=plot.style_linebr)
    RETURNS
    String value of ticker id, that can be supplied to security function.
    ARGUMENTS
    prefix (string) Exchange prefix. For example: 'BATS', 'NYSE', 'NASDAQ'. Exchange prefix of main
    series is syminfo.prefix.
    ticker (string) Ticker name. For example 'AAPL', 'MSFT', 'EURUSD'. Ticker name of the main
    series is syminfo.ticker.
    session (string) Session type. Optional argument. Possible
    values: session.regular, session.extended. Session type of the current chart is syminfo.session.
    If session is not given, then syminfo.session value is used.
    adjustment (string) Adjustment type. Optional argument. Possible
    values: adjustment.none, adjustment.splits, adjustment.dividends. If adjustment is not given,
    then default adjustment value is used (can be different depending on particular instrument).
    REMARKS
    You may use return value of tickerid function as input argument
    for heikinashi, renko, linebreak, kagi, pointfigure functions.
    SEE ALSO
    syminfo.tickeridsyminfo.tickersyminfo.sessionsession.extendedsession.regularheikinashiadjustm
    ent.noneadjustment.splitsadjustment.dividends
    time
    Function time returns UNIX time of current bar for the specified resolution and session or NaN
    if time point is out-of-session.
    time(resolution, session) → series[integer]
    time(resolution) → series[integer]
    EXAMPLE

    //@version=4

    study("Time", overlay=true)

    // Try this on chart AAPL,1

    timeinrange(res, sess) => not na(time(res, sess)) ? 1 : 0

    plot(timeinrange("1", "1300-1400"), color=color.red)

    // This plots 1.0 at every start of 10 minute bar on a 1 minute chart:

    newbar(res) => change(time(res)) == 0 ? 0 : 1


    plot(newbar("10"))
    While setting up a session you can specify not just the hours and minutes but also the days of
    the week that will be included in that session.
    If the days aren't specified, the session is considered to have been set from Monday to Friday
    (Saturday and Sunday are excluded as the weekend days), i.e. "1100-2000" is the same as "1100-
    1200:23456".
    For example, on a symbol that is traded seven days a week with the 24-hour trading session the
    following script will not color Saturdays and Sundays:
    EXAMPLE

    //@version=4

    study("Time", overlay=true)

    t1 = time(timeframe.period, "0000-0000")
    bgcolor(t1 ? color.blue : na)
    You can change that by specifying the days:
    EXAMPLE

    //@version=4

    study("Time - days", overlay=true)

    t1 = time(timeframe.period, "0000-0000:1234567")
    bgcolor(t1 ? color.green : na)
    RETURNS
    UNIX time.
    ARGUMENTS
    resolution (string) Resolution.
    session (string) Session specification. Optional argument, session of the symbol used by
    default.
    REMARKS
    UNIX time is the number of milliseconds that have elapsed since 00:00:00 UTC, 1 January 1970.
    SEE ALSO
    time
    timestamp
    Function timestamp returns UNIX time of specified date and time.
    timestamp(year, month, day, hour, minute, second) → integer
    timestamp(timezone, year, month, day, hour, minute, second) → integer
    timestamp(year, month, day, hour, minute, second) → series[integer]
    timestamp(timezone, year, month, day, hour, minute, second) → series[integer]
    EXAMPLE

    //@version=4

    study("My Script")

    plot(timestamp(2016, 01, 19, 09, 30), linewidth=3, color=color.green)

    plot(timestamp(syminfo.timezone, 2016, 01, 19, 09, 30), color=color.blue)

    plot(timestamp(2016, 01, 19, 09, 30), color=color.yellow)

    plot(timestamp("GMT+6", 2016, 01, 19, 09, 30))

    plot(timestamp(2019, 06, 19, 09, 30, 15), color=color.lime)


    plot(timestamp("GMT+3", 2019, 06, 19, 09, 30, 15), color=color.fuchsia)
    RETURNS
    UNIX time.
    ARGUMENTS
    timezone (string) (Optional argument) Timezone
    year (integer) Year
    month (integer) Month
    day (integer) Day
    hour (integer) Hour
    minute (integer) Minute
    second (integer) (Optional argument) Second. Default is 0.
    REMARKS
    UNIX time is the number of milliseconds that have elapsed since 00:00:00 UTC, 1 January 1970.
    By default Timezone is syminfo.timezone, but it can be specified by GMT-notation (e.g "GMT-
    5", "GMT+5", "GMT+5:30", etc), or one of following values:
    "America/New_York"
    "America/Los_Angeles"
    "America/Chicago"
    "America/Phoenix"
    "America/Toronto"
    "America/Vancouver"
    "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires"
    "America/El_Salvador"
    "America/Sao_Paulo"
    "America/Bogota"
    "Europe/Moscow"
    "Europe/Athens"
    "Europe/Berlin"
    "Europe/London"
    "Europe/Madrid"
    "Europe/Paris"
    "Europe/Warsaw"
    "Australia/Sydney"
    "Australia/Brisbane"
    "Australia/Adelaide"
    "Australia/ACT"
    "Asia/Almaty"
    "Asia/Ashkhabad"
    "Asia/Tokyo"
    "Asia/Taipei"
    "Asia/Singapore"
    "Asia/Shanghai"
    "Asia/Seoul"
    "Asia/Tehran"
    "Asia/Dubai"
    "Asia/Kolkata"
    "Asia/Hong_Kong"
    "Asia/Bangkok"
    "Pacific/Auckland"
    "Pacific/Chatham"
    "Pacific/Fakaofo"
    "Pacific/Honolulu"
    SEE ALSO
    timetimetimenowsyminfo.timezone
    tostring
    tostring(x) → series[string]
    tostring(x, y) → series[string]
    tostring(x) → string
    tostring(x, y) → string
    RETURNS
    String representation of x argument.
    ARGUMENTS
    x (float) Number that should be converted to string.
    y (string) Format string. Optional argument, default value is '#.##########'.
    REMARKS
    To display trailing zeros use 0 instead of a '#' symbol. For example, '#.000'.
    tr
    tr(handle_na) → series[float]
    RETURNS
    True range. It is max(high - low, abs(high - close[1]), abs(low - close[1]))
    ARGUMENTS
    handle_na (bool) How NaN values are handled. if true, and previous day's close is NaN then tr
    would be calculated as current day high-low. Otherwise (if false) tr would return NaN in such
    cases. Also note, that atr uses tr(true).
    REMARKS
    tr(false) is exactly the same as tr.
    SEE ALSO
    tratr
    tsi
    True strength index. It uses moving averages of the underlying momentum of a financial
    instrument.
    tsi(source, short_length, long_length) → series[float]
    RETURNS
    True strength index. A value in range [-1, 1]
    ARGUMENTS
    source (series) Source series.
    short_length (integer) Short length.
    long_length (integer) Long length.
    valuewhen
    Source series value when the condition was true on the n-th most recent occurrence.
    valuewhen(condition, source, occurrence) → series[float]
    valuewhen(condition, source, occurrence) → series[integer]
    EXAMPLE

    slow = sma(close, 7)

    fast = sma(close, 14)

    // get value of close on second cross occurrence


    valuewhen(cross(slow, fast), close, 1)
    RETURNS
    Source value when condition was true
    SEE ALSO
    lowesthighest
    variance
    Variance is the expectation of the squared deviation of a series from its mean (sma), and it
    informally measures how far a set of numbers are spread out from their mean.
    variance(source, length) → series[float]
    RETURNS
    Variance of x for y bars back.
    ARGUMENTS
    source (series) Series of values to process.
    length (integer) Number of bars (length).
    REMARKS
    This is a biased estimation of sample variance.
    SEE ALSO
    devstdev
    vwap
    Volume weighted average price.
    vwap(x) → series[float]
    RETURNS
    Volume weighted average.
    ARGUMENTS
    x (series) Source series.
    SEE ALSO
    vwap
    vwma
    The vwma function returns volume-weighted moving average of x for y bars back. It is the same
    as: sma(x * volume, y) / sma(volume, y)
    vwma(source, length) → series[float]
    EXAMPLE

    plot(vwma(close, 15))

    // same on pine, but less efficient

    pine_vwma(x, y) =>

    sma(x * volume, y) / sma(volume, y)


    plot(pine_vwma(close, 15))
    RETURNS
    Volume-weighted moving average of x for y bars back.
    ARGUMENTS
    source (series) Series of values to process.
    length (integer) Number of bars (length).
    SEE ALSO
    smaemarmawmaswmaalma
    weekofyear
    weekofyear(time) → series[integer]
    RETURNS
    Week of year (in exchange timezone) for provided UNIX time.
    ARGUMENTS
    time (series) UNIX time in milliseconds.
    REMARKS
    UNIX time is the number of milliseconds that have elapsed since 00:00:00 UTC, 1 January 1970.
    SEE ALSO
    weekofyeartimeyearmonthdayofmonthdayofweekhourminutesecond
    wma
    The wma function returns weighted moving average of x for y bars back. In wma weighting
    factors decrease in arithmetical progression.
    wma(source, length) → series[float]
    EXAMPLE

    plot(wma(close, 15))

    // same on pine, but much less efficient


    pine_wma(x, y) =>

    norm = 0.0

    sum = 0.0

    for i = 0 to y - 1

    weight = (y - i) * y

    norm := norm + weight

    sum := sum + x[i] * weight

    sum / norm
    plot(pine_wma(close, 15))
    RETURNS
    Weighted moving average of x for y bars back.
    ARGUMENTS
    source (series) Series of values to process.
    length (integer) Number of bars (length).
    SEE ALSO
    smaemarmavwmaswmaalma
    wpr
    Williams %R. The oscillator shows the current closing price in relation to the high and low of
    the past 'length' bars.
    wpr(length) → series[float]
    EXAMPLE

    //@version=4

    study("Williams %R", shorttitle="%R", format=format.price, precision=2)


    plot(wpr(14), title="%R", color=#ff6d00, transp=0)
    RETURNS
    Williams %R.
    ARGUMENTS
    length (integer) Number of bars.
    SEE ALSO
    mficmo
    year
    year(time) → series[integer]
    RETURNS
    Year (in exchange timezone) for provided UNIX time.
    ARGUMENTS
    time (series) UNIX time in milliseconds.
    REMARKS
    UNIX time is the number of milliseconds that have elapsed since 00:00:00 UTC, 1 January 1970.
    SEE ALSO
    yeartimemonthdayofmonthdayofweekhourminutesecond

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