Your Amazing Brain:

The Inside Tour

Did You Know…?
 Your brain contains 100 billion neurons and 60 trillion
synapses (cortex)
Did You Know…?
 Your brain contains 100 billion neurons and 60 trillion
synapses (cortex)

 The average adult brain weighs about 1.4 kg (3 lbs)

Did You Know…?
 Your brain contains 100 billion neurons and 60 trillion
synapses (cortex)

 The average adult brain weighs about 1.4 kg (3 lbs)

 Your brain makes up about 2% of body weight yet takes

20% of the body’s blood supply
Did You Know…?
 Your brain contains 100 billion neurons and 60 trillion
synapses (cortex)

 The average adult brain weighs about 1.4 kg (3 lbs)

 Your brain makes up about 2% of body weight yet takes

20% of the body’s blood supply

 Brain does not fully mature until age 25-30 years

The Key Players:

Frontal Lobe:
reasoning, judgment,
higher order thinking
(NOT fully developed until
25-30 yrs)

Temporal Lobe:
hearing, speech

Parietal Lobe: pain,

pressure, touch, speech

Occipital Lobe: vision

The Major Parts:
thalamus meninges (3 layers)
corpus collosum

skull
cerebrum
hypothalamus
pons pituitary
gland
cerebellum
medulla
oblongata

spinal cord
What the Parts Do:
Parts Functions
Cerebrum Voluntary activities, motor control, speech, vision,
(cortex) thinking, pain

Corpus Collosum

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

Pituitary Gland

Pons

Medulla Oblongata
What the Parts Do:
Parts Functions
Cerebrum Voluntary activities, motor control, speech, vision,
(cortex) thinking, pain

Corpus Callosum Connects right and left hemispheres of cortex

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

Pituitary Gland

Pons

Medulla Oblongata
What the Parts Do:
Parts Functions
Cerebrum Voluntary activities, motor control, speech, vision,
(cortex) thinking, pain

Corpus Callosum Connects right and left hemispheres of cortex

Thalamus Sends information to cortex about sensation,

spatial awareness, sleep-wake cycles and
consciousness
Hypothalamus

Pituitary Gland

Pons

Medulla Oblongata
What the Parts Do:
Parts Functions
Cerebrum Voluntary activities, motor control, speech, vision,
(cortex) thinking, pain

Corpus Callosum Connects right and left hemispheres of cortex

Thalamus Sends information to cortex about sensation,

spatial awareness, sleep-wake cycles and
consciousness
Hypothalamus Controls pituitary gland, controls body
temperature, thirst, hunger
Pituitary Gland

Pons

Medulla Oblongata
What the Parts Do:
Parts Functions
Cerebrum Voluntary activities, motor control, speech, vision,
(cortex) thinking, pain

Corpus Callosum Connects right and left hemispheres of cortex

Thalamus Sends information to cortex about sensation,

spatial awareness, sleep-wake cycles and
consciousness
Hypothalamus Controls pituitary gland, controls body
temperature, thirst, hunger
Pituitary Gland Secretes hormones that control the entire body
A.K.A: The Master Gland
Pons

Medulla Oblongata
What the Parts Do:
Parts Functions
Cerebrum Voluntary activities, motor control, speech, vision,
(cortex) thinking, pain

Corpus Callosum Connects right and left hemispheres of cortex

Thalamus Sends information to cortex about sensation,

spatial awareness, sleep-wake cycles and
consciousness
Hypothalamus Controls pituitary gland, controls body
temperature, thirst, hunger
Pituitary Gland Secretes hormones that control the entire body
A.K.A: The Master Gland
Pons Communicates between cortex and cerebellum,
contains many cranial nerves that control face
Medulla Oblongata
What the Parts Do:
Parts Functions
Cerebrum Voluntary activities, motor control, speech, vision,
(cortex) thinking, pain

Corpus Callosum Connects right and left hemispheres of cortex

Thalamus Sends information to cortex about sensation,

spatial awareness, sleep-wake cycles and
consciousness
Hypothalamus Controls pituitary gland, controls body
temperature, thirst, hunger
Pituitary Gland Secretes hormones that control the entire body
A.K.A: The Master Gland
Pons Communicates between cortex and cerebellum,
contains many cranial nerves that control face
Medulla Oblongata Controls functions vital to life such as breathing
and heartbeat
The Inside View:
What the Parts Do Continued:

Parts Functions
Cerebellum Balance and movement co-ordination

Meninges

Skull (cranium)

Cranial nerves
What the Parts Do Continued:

Parts Functions
Cerebellum Balance and movement co-ordination

Meninges Protection of the brain

3 layers (dura, arachnoid, pia)
Cerebrospinal fluid in between dura and
arachnoid)
Skull (cranium)

Cranial nerves
What the Parts Do Continued:

Parts Functions
Cerebellum Balance and movement co-ordination

Meninges Protection of the brain

3 layers (dura, arachnoid, pia)
Cerebrospinal fluid in between dura and
arachnoid)
Skull (cranium) Protection and support of brain

Cranial nerves
What the Parts Do Continued:

Parts Functions
Cerebellum Balance and movement co-ordination

Meninges Protection of the brain

3 layers (dura, arachnoid, pia)
Cerebrospinal fluid in between dura and
arachnoid)
Skull (cranium) Protection and support of brain

Cranial nerves Bundles of nerves that exit from base of brain

12 cranial nerves
Control of facial muscles, tongue, hearing, vision,
smell
Vagus nerve controls viscera (some internal organs)
The View from Below:

Optic chiasma
The Brain’s Blood Supply:
When Things Go Wrong:

Stroke

Concussion

Depression
When Things Go Wrong:

Stroke
• Cause: blood clot (embolus) or ruptured
blood vessel (aneurysm)
• Symptoms: weakness, trouble speaking,
paralysis, severe headache, vision problems

• Treatment: TPA to bust clot (must be within

3 hrs), surgery if aneurysm, therapy to
minimize deficits

• Prevention: control high blood pressure,

healthy lifestyle
When Things Go Wrong:

Concussion

• Brain makes contact with the

cranium (skull)
When Things Go Wrong:

Concussion

•Brain makes contact with

the cranium (skull)
•Injury not visible on
MRI/CT
When Things Go Wrong:

Concussion

• Brain makes contact with the

cranium (skull)
• Injury not visible on MRI/CT
• Causes: blow to head, sudden
deceleration
When Things Go Wrong:

Concussion

• Brain makes contact with the cranium

(skull)
• Injury not visible on MRI/CT
• Causes: blow to head, sudden
deceleration
• Symptoms: headache, confusion,
dizziness, vision trouble, vomiting,
slurred speech, loss of consciousness
When Things Go Wrong:

Concussion

• Brain makes contact with the cranium

(skull)
• Injury not visible on MRI/CT
• Causes: blow to head, sudden
deceleration
• Symptoms: headache, confusion,
dizziness, vision trouble, vomiting,
slurred speech, loss of consciousness
When Things Go Wrong:
Concussion Continued:

• Treatment: Need to see a doctor ASAP,

then rest, gradual return to activity
(only if symptom free!) on Dr.’s advice

• Prevention: Wear proper “brain

bucket” for activity (A.K.A-helmet),
proper training
When Things Go Wrong:

Depression

•Persistent feelings of
sadness, worthlessness,
helplessness, self-blame
When Things Go Wrong:
Depression

• Persistent feelings of sadness,

worthlessness, helplessness, self-
blame

• Causes: complex, biochemical

imbalance, may occur after
stress or loss
When Things Go Wrong:
Depression

• Persistent feelings of sadness,

worthlessness, helplessness, self-blame

• Causes: complex, biochemical

imbalance, may occur after stress or
loss

• Symptoms: behaviour changes, physical

complaints, eating more or less, sleep
disturbances, thoughts of suicide
When Things Go Wrong:
Depression Continued:

• Treatment: counseling, exercise, anti-

depressants
• Under diagnosed
• Perceived stigma in society still exists