Basic of Composites and

applications.
 What is composite?

 A material which is composed of two or more materials at a microscopic

scale and have chemically distinct phases.

 Heterogeneous at a microscopic scale but statically homogeneous at

macroscopic scale.

Classification of certain materials as a composite:

  Combination of materials should result in significant property changes

 Content of the constituents is generally more than 10%

 In general, property of one constituent is much greater (≥ 5) than the other.

 Why do you need composite materials?

What are these desired properties?

Strength

Stiffness

Toughness

Corrosion resistance

Wear resistance

Reduced weight

Fatigue life

Thermal/Electrical insulation and conductivity

 What are the constituents in a composite material?

Reinforcement:

Discontinuous
Stronger
Harder

Matrix:

Continuous
 
What are the functions of a reinforcement?

Contribute desired properties

Load carrying
Transfer the strength to matrix
 What are the functions of a matrix?

 Holds the fibres together

 Protects the fibres from environment

 Protects the fibres from abrasion (with each other)

 Helps to maintain the distribution of fibres

 Distributes the loads evenly between fibres

 
 Provides better finish to final product
 Classification of Composites

Based on the reinforcements

 Classification of Composites

Based on the reinforcements

 Types of Fibres

 Fibres possessing high specific stiffness and specific strength.

 Glass
 Carbon
 Organic
 Ceramic
 Types of Matrix Materials

 Metals:

 Aluminum
 Titanium
 Copper

 Thermoplastics:

 Polypropylene
 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
  Nylon
 Types of Matrix Materials

 Thermosets:

 Polyesters
 Epoxies
 Polyimides

 Ceramics:

 Carbon
 Silicon carbide
 Silicon nitride
 Applications of Composites
 In research today we use both artificial and natural fibers for the preparation
of samples.

 We will make the sample from epoxy, bamboo, flax, glass fibers by using
hand layup method. There are many processes to fabricate a composite
material, such as hand lay-up, automated lay-up, spray-up, filament
winding, pultrusion, resin transfer molding etc. but hand layup method is
easy and cost-effective.

 After fabricating the sample, we perform the Tensile test and Compressive
test by making standard specimens of our sample in Universal Testing
Machine.

 Then we perform a thermal test of fiber by performing thermo gravimetric

analysis (TGA) and distortion temperature analysis (DTA).
Glass Hybrid Fibres Epoxy Composite

• This composite material is fabricated using hand layup

method as it is easy and convenient to use. Hand layup
method is an art rather than a technique as it requires
more involvement of human.

• This will directly help in achieving good mechanical

properties.
 Composite Roofing Tiles

All types of roofing materials have demerits in terms of cost, strength,

weight, and maintenance. For example, cement concrete tiles are found
to be good roofing materials. But, their high self-weight requires strong
load-bearing members. There is a need for changes in conventional
roofing system to strengthen the roof framework.

 Coir-fibre cement tiles help to construct a lightweight and durable

roofing system compared to the normal cement concrete roofing tiles.

Coir-fibre is one of the natural fiber and is extracted from the husk of
the coconut fruit. This composite material also possesses lower
shrinkage characteristics than cement concrete tiles.
Glass Hybrid Fibres Composite Roofing Tiles
 Carbon Composites

 It has a high strength to weight ratio because of this

reason only it is widely used in aircraft and automobile
industries.

 For making fuselage, rudder, helicopter rotor blades and

frames in cars. Carbon Composite creates a unique and
beautiful surface finish.

 Carbon fibre reinforced polymer, carbon fibre reinforced

plastic, or carbon fibre reinforced thermoplastic, is
extremely strong and light that contains carbon fibres.
Sugarcane and Plastic Waste for Domestic Thermal Insulation

 Composite material by using Bagasse as reinforcement

and plastic as the Matrix of composite material.

 The composite formed by using both waste materials

bagasse and plastic need to be tested by you under various
loading conditions to determine the improved mechanical
and thermal properties so that it could be used as the
thermal insulator at various places like rooftops.
Carbon Composites Sugarcane and Plastic Waste
THANK YOU