QUESTION BANK - CONTROL AND COORDINATION IN ORGANISMS GRADE X 1

CONTROL AND COORDINATION IN ORGANISMS

1. Name the two organ systems in animal that help in control and coordination
a) Nervous System b) Endocrine System

2. List the functions of nervous system in animals.

i) To receive the information from environment
ii) To receive the information from various body parts. (Stimuli and Response)
iii) To act accordingly through muscles and glands.

3. Differentiate between a stimulus and response with an example

❖ Stimulus : Any change in environment or within that bring about the reaction eg:,cold, hotness, touch
❖ Response : The reaction of our body to these changes. eg. Withdrawal of our hand

4. What are receptors? Where are they located ?

-Receptors are specialized tips of some nerve cells that detect the information from the environment.
-They are in the sense organs of the body .

5. What is the function of receptors in our body? Think of situations where receptors do not work properly.
What problems are likely to arise?
a. They sense the external stimuli such as heat or pain
b. They trigger the sensory neurons and pass the information in the form of nerve impulses to central
nervous system (spinal cord and brain) where message is interpreted, and instructions are sent to
effectors which reveal responses.
When the receptors do not work properly, the environmental stimuli are not able to create nerve impulses
and body does not respond.

6. Distinguish between gustatory and olfactory receptors.

1. GUSTATORY RECEPTORS: They are located on tongue and detect taste
2. OLFACTORY RECEPTORS: They are located inside the nose and detect smell.

7. Specify the components of Nervous Tissue. What is its function?

❖ made up of organized network of cells called neurons
❖ specialized for conduction information via electrical impulses from one part of the body to another

8. Draw a labelled diagram of neuron

DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, [ 9 & 10 BOYS SECTION ] THE INDIAN HIGH SCHOOL DUBAI
QUESTION BANK - CONTROL AND COORDINATION IN ORGANISMS GRADE X 2

9. How does nerve impulse travel and reach a target organ?

Information acquired at the end of the dendritic tip of a nerve cell → Creation of electrical impulse →
Impulse travels from the dendrite to the cell body → Reach axonite → Release of
neurotransmitters → Diffusion of neurotransmitters into synapse → Generation of similar electrical
impulse in a dendrite of the next → Delivery of impulse to a muscle cell.

10. Explain the structure of neuron.

11. Define a synapse.

The point of contact between the terminal branches of axon of one neuron with the dendrite of
another neuron is called synapse.

12. Define reflex action.

Reflex action : Reflex actions are rapid, automatic responses to stimuli.

13. Explain Reflex arc.

Reflex arc : The nervous pathway through which the impulses travel during reflexes is
called reflex arc and takes place in the spinal cord.
-Nerves from all over the body meets in a bundle in the spinal cord on their way to the brain.
Reflex arcs are formed in this spinal cord itself, although the information input also goes on to reach the
brain.
14. Draw a labelled diagram showing the components of reflex arc.

15. List the advantages of reflex arcs in animals. [ Explain the evolutionary significance of reflex arc ]
-Thinking process of the brain is not fast enough.
-Many animals have very little or none of the complex neuron network needed for thinking.
-So, it is quite likely that reflex arcs have evolved as efficient ways of functioning in the absence of true
thought processes.

DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, [ 9 & 10 BOYS SECTION ] THE INDIAN HIGH SCHOOL DUBAI
QUESTION BANK - CONTROL AND COORDINATION IN ORGANISMS GRADE X 3

16. How is reflex action different from walking ?

Reflex action Walking
1. Reflex actions are sudden, of the body in Walking is a voluntary action which happens
response to stimuli under the control of spinal under the control of cerebellum of the brain
cord
2. Takes place without thought Takes place after thought.
3. involuntary action Voluntary action

17. Differentiate between central and peripheral nervous system .

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
consist of cranial nerves arising from the brain
1 consist of brain and spinal cord
and spinal nerves arising from the spinal cord
Facilitate the communication between the
2 Receive information from all parts of the
central nervous system and the other parts
body and integrate it.
of the body.

18. Mention the three parts of human brain

a) Forebrain b) Mid Brain c) Hind Brain

19. Name the most complex/specialized part of human fore brain

Cerebrum.

20. Explain the functions of fore brain

1. Thinking part of the brain
2. Motor areas- send impulses to different parts of the body especially voluntary muscles to control
body movement. [Control the voluntary actions.]
3. Store information (Memory)
4. Centre associated with HUNGER, causes a sensation of feeling full
5. Sensory area- receive impulses from different sense organs or receptors
6. Association area- receives impulses from sense organs→ recognize and interpret it by associating it
with past information →takes appropriate decision →send responses to motor areas.

21. Explain how a nerve impulse cause action in muscle tissue. [ Represent schematically the mechanism of
nerve impulse action in an effector organ ]

DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, [ 9 & 10 BOYS SECTION ] THE INDIAN HIGH SCHOOL DUBAI
QUESTION BANK - CONTROL AND COORDINATION IN ORGANISMS GRADE X 4

22. How are the components of central nervous system protected?

-Brain sits inside a bony box [cranium]. Inside the box, the brain is contained in a fluid filled balloon which
provides further shock absorption.
-The vertebral column or backbone protects the spinal cord.

23. Where is cerebrospinal fluid found in body? What is its function?

Cerebrospinal fluid- Fills the ventricles in the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord.
Functions
1. Circulation of hormones, nutrients, and white blood cells
2. Absorption of shock, which cushions the brain.

24. Name the two types of plant movements. How are they different from each other ?
-Tropic and nastic movements
TROPIC MOVEMENT NASTIC MOVEMENT
1. Growth dependent movement 1. Growth independent movement
2. Response to stimuli in a directional and 2. Response to stimuli in a non-directional and
permanent way temporary way
3. Caused by a directional stimulus 3. Caused by a diffused stimulus
4. Caused due to the growth of different plant 4. Caused due to changes in turgor pressure
organs [ cell division]
5. Movements are slow 5. Movements are fast

25. How does the plant detect the touch, and how do the leaves move in response?
-The plants also use electrical-chemical means to convey this information from cell to cell
-Plant cells change shape by changing the amount of water in them, resulting in swelling or shrinking, and
therefore in changing shapes.

26. How is a plant and animal tissue different with regard to response to stimulus ?
-There is no specialized tissue in plants for the conduction of information
-Instead of the specialized proteins found in animal muscle cells, plant cells change shape by changing the
amount of water in them, resulting in swelling or shrinking, and therefore in changing shapes.

27. Explain the different types of tropic movements in plants with suitable examples
➢ The movement of plant parts in response to light is called phototropism. Shoots show positive
phototropism by bending towards light while roots show negative phototropism by bending away
from light
➢ The upward and downward growth of shoots and roots, respectively, in response to the pull of
earth or gravity is called geotropism
➢ The movement of plant parts in response to the stimulus of water is called hydrotropism.eg
growth of roots in search of water
➢ The movement of plant parts in response to the stimulus of chemicals is called chemotropism
.e.g.the growth of pollen tubes towards ovules

28. Design an experiment to demonstrate hydrotropism

AIM: To demonstrate hydrotropism.
Material: A trough, soil water and germinating seeds or baby plants, perforated cardboard sheet equal to
the diameter of trough.
Procedure:

DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, [ 9 & 10 BOYS SECTION ] THE INDIAN HIGH SCHOOL DUBAI
QUESTION BANK - CONTROL AND COORDINATION IN ORGANISMS GRADE X 5
1. Take a trough.
2. Fix the perforated card board sheet in the trough vertically.
3. Half fill one part of trough with soil and the other half or second part of the trough with water.
4. Now fix the germinating seed or baby plants in the soil.
5. Keep the whole apparatus in the sun in open place for few days.
Observations: After a few days, the following changes are observed.
1. The roots bend towards water.
2. The shoot part bends away from water.
Result: The experiment confirms that:
1. Water has positive effect on roots which is called positive hydrotropism.
2. Water has negative effect on shoot (stem and other aerial parts) which is called as negative
hydrotropism
29. Explain the role of auxin in phototropism.

30. Explain the role of auxins in causing the movement of tendrils/ how does tendril coil around the support

31. What is a plant hormone ?

It is a chemical compound which help to coordinate growth, development and responses to the environment.

DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, [ 9 & 10 BOYS SECTION ] THE INDIAN HIGH SCHOOL DUBAI
QUESTION BANK - CONTROL AND COORDINATION IN ORGANISMS GRADE X 6

32. Summarize the role of different hormones in plant body

Hormone Site of synthesis Role/ function
AUXIN Shoot tips 1. Helps in growth and phototropism

GIBBERELLINS Immature seeds, 1. Helps in stem elongation

reproductive parts 2. Stimulates flowering
CYTOKININS actively growing sites 1. Promote cell division
2. Help in shoot growth
ABSCISIC ACID All plant parts 1. Inhibits growth
[stress hormone/growth 2. Causes wilting of leaves
inhibitor]

33. If fast responses to stimuli are to be made, information transfer must happen very quickly. Electrical
impulses are an excellent means for this. But why there are limitations?
1. Firstly, they will reach only those cells that are connected by nervous tissue, not each cell in the
animal body.
2. Secondly, once an electrical impulse is generated in a cell and transmitted, the cell will take some
time to reset its mechanisms before it can generate and transmit a new impulse.

34. Explain how chemical communication happens in an animal body

-In Chemical communication stimulated cells release a chemical compound called hormone that would
diffuse all around the original cell. If other cells around have the means to detect this compound using
special molecules on their surfaces, then they would be able to recognize information, and even transmit it
to cells.

35. List the characteristics of hormones

1. Hormones are chemical regulators secreted according to environmental changes both in and outside
the body.
2. They are produced by endocrine glands.
3. The target organ or organs are initiated or inhibited in their function.
4. The glands are at different locations and their target organ or organs are different.
5. Due to low molecular weight they can easily diffuse into the cells.
6. Their actions are more effective in small concentrations; hence they are produced in small quantities

36. Name the hormone that prepare the body to meet any scary situation [ Name the stress hormone in
human ]. Which gland secretes it ? Name the target organ
-Adrenaline secreted by adrenal gland Target organ- heart

37. Explain how adrenaline prepares the body for “Flight” or “Fight” during emergency situations
i. Heart beats faster → supply of more oxygen to our muscles
ii. contraction of muscles around small arteries in digestive system & skin → reduced blood flow
iii. More blood flow to skeletal muscles.
iv. Contraction of diaphragm and rib muscles → breathing rate increases.
All these responses together enable the animal body to be ready to deal with the situation and help for
“flight” or “fight”

38. Why is it important for us to have iodized salt in our diet?

Iodine is necessary for the thyroid gland to make thyroxin hormone.
-In case iodine is deficient in our diet, there is a possibility that we might suffer from goiter
-One of the symptoms in this disease is a swollen neck.

DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, [ 9 & 10 BOYS SECTION ] THE INDIAN HIGH SCHOOL DUBAI
QUESTION BANK - CONTROL AND COORDINATION IN ORGANISMS GRADE X 7

39. Draw a labelled diagram showing the parts of human brain

40. Explain the feedback mechanism of hormone regulation.

The timing and amount of hormone released are regulated by feedback mechanisms:

41. How is diabetes caused ? How is it treated ?

Cause: It is due to deficiency of Insulin hormone secreted by pancreas that is
responsible to lower/control the blood sugar levels.
Treatment: Patients have to internally administer injections of insulin, which helps in regulating
blood sugar level.

42. Compare and contrast nervous and chemical coordination.

Feature Nervous coordination Chemical coordination
Signals Electrical impulses[ action Chemical impulses [hormones]
potentials]
Pathways Transmitted by neurons Transported by blood
Speed of information Fast Slow
Duration of effect Short lived Short/long lived
Type of action and response Voluntary/involuntary Involuntary
Target Localized [cells connect to neuron] Often distant[n many cells can be
effected]

DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, [ 9 & 10 BOYS SECTION ] THE INDIAN HIGH SCHOOL DUBAI
QUESTION BANK - CONTROL AND COORDINATION IN ORGANISMS GRADE X 8

43. Summarise the role of major endocrine glands in human body

DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, [ 9 & 10 BOYS SECTION ] THE INDIAN HIGH SCHOOL DUBAI