30-Sept-2019

MTS-840
Data Acquisition and Control
Lecture # 1
Dr. Hamid Jabbar
Assistant Professor
hamid.jabbar@ceme.nust.edu.pk
Room 4121, DMTS
Department of Mechatronics Engineering
NUST College of E&ME
Introduction
• This course is designed to develop an understanding of
modern data acquisition techniques
• The course is intended to give detailed explanation of
passive and active electrical transducers, signal
conditioning circuits along with digital interfacing
techniques
• An overview of digital control systems and digital
controller design will also be given …
• Lab sessions
• National Instrument’s Integrated Suite of 12 Instruments
for Hands-On, Multidiscipline Education NI ELVIS II/II+ …
• Arduino Kits based Lab
• PLC and SCADA overview Lab
 General Course Information
• Course Title: Data Acquisition and Control
• Course Code: MTS 840
• CMS Class Number: 1429
• Credit Hours: 3-0
• Pre Requisite: Instrumentation
General Course Information

What I expect you to know already ??

• Fundamentals of mathematical analysis
• Basic mathematical statistics
• Instrumentation Basics
• Matlab/Simulink, Labview …
• Microcontroller Programming
Marks Distribution

MTS 840 Assignments

Project
10% & Quizzes
20% (6
Quizes+ 2
Assignments)

Final Exam
40%
OHT1 and
OHT2 Exam
30%
Part 1 - Course Work
 Types of Data Acquisition
•Electrical Quantities
• Voltage
• Current
• Time and Shape
• Sensor and Actuators
• Application Specific
• Digital Electronics Communications
• Wired Communication
• Wireless Communication
• Process Control
• Motor Control
• Industrial Process
Data Acquisition (DAQ) Systems --- Types

• DAQ for R&D and Testing Applications

• DAQ for Service and Maintenance Applications
• DAQ for Industrial Process Control
• Data Acquisition PC Software
Data Acquisition [ R&D and Testing Applications] [Service and
Maintenance Applications]
Sensor/input + Analog Data Display + Recorder

Analog Handheld Multimeter

Analog Oscilloscope PEN RECORDER

Data Acquisition and Control [ R&D and Testing Applications]
[Service and Maintenance Applications]
Sensor/input + Analog Data Display +
Recorder + Decision/Control Circuit +
Actuator/Output

Analog
Physical Analog
Sensor Control
Signal Interface
Circuit
Device under Test (DUT)
Output
Actuator Interface Feedback
Circuit
Data Acquisition and Control [ R&D and Testing Applications]
[Service and Maintenance Applications]
Sensor/input + Analog Data Display +
Recorder + Decision/Control Circuit +
Actuator/Output

Digital
Physical Analog
Sensor Control
Signal Interface
circuit
Device under Test (DUT)
Output
Actuator Interface Feedback
Circuit
Data Acquisition and Control [ R&D and Testing Applications]
[Service and Maintenance Applications]
Sensor/input + Digital Data Display + PC
Recorder + Digital Decision/Control
Circuit + Actuator/Output

Digital
Physical Analog
Sensor Control
Signal Interface
circuit
Device under Test (DUT)
Output
Actuator Interface Feedback
Circuit
Data Acquisition and Control [ R&D and Testing Applications]
[Service and Maintenance Applications]
Sensor/input + Digital Data Display + PC
Recorder + Digital Decision/Control
Circuit + Actuator/Output

Digital
Physical Analog
Sensor Control
Signal Interface
circuit
Digital Controller
Device under Test (DUT)
Output
Actuator Interface Feedback
Circuit
Data Acquisition and Control [ R&D and Testing Applications]
[Service and Maintenance Applications]

Offline Data
Second Generation Processing Logging
Wired communication

Digital
Physical Analog
Sensor Control
Signal Interface
circuit
Digital Controller
Device under Test (DUT)
Output
Actuator Interface Feedback
Circuit
Data Acquisition and Control [ R&D and Testing Applications]
[Service and Maintenance Applications]

Offline Data
Second Generation Processing Logging
(Internet)Wired communication

Digital
Physical Analog
Sensor Control
Signal Interface
circuit
Digital Controller
Device under Test (DUT)
Output
Actuator Interface Feedback
Circuit
Data Acquisition and Control [ R&D and Testing Applications]
[Service and Maintenance Applications]

Third Generation Big Data

(Internet)Wired communication

Digital
Physical Analog
Sensor Control
Signal Interface
circuit
Digital Controller
Device under Test (DUT)
Output
Actuator Interface Feedback
Circuit
Data Acquisition and Control [ R&D and Testing Applications]
[Service and Maintenance Applications]

Big Data
Third Generation (Servers)
(Internet)Wired communication

Digital
Physical Analog
Sensor Control
Signal Interface
circuit
Digital Controller
Device under Test (DUT)
Output
Actuator Interface Feedback
Circuit
Data Acquisition and Control [ R&D and Testing Applications]
[Service and Maintenance Applications]

Big Data
Fourth Generation AI (Servers/Cloud)
(Internet)Wired/wireless communication

Digital
Physical Analog
Sensor Control
Signal Interface
circuit
Digital Controller
Device under Test (DUT)
Output
Actuator Interface Feedback
Circuit
 Course Contents
Week Date Lecture/Lab Quiz/Homework Contents
1 30-Sept-2019 Lecture Introduction to DAC
2 7-Sept-2019 Lecture Sensors
3 14-Sept-2019 Lecture (Quiz-1) Analog Signal Conditioning
4 21-Sept-2019 Lecture Digital Signal Conditioning
5 28-Sept-2019 Lecture (Quiz-2) (HW-1 Due) Microcontrollers & Embedded Systems
6 4-Nov-2019 1st Sessional (week)
7 11-Nov-2019 Lecture Actuators, Digital to Analog Converters
8 18-Nov-2019 Lab (Arduino)
9 25-Nov-2019 Lecture (Quiz-3) Wired and Wireless Communications
10 2-Dec-2019 Lab (NI & LabView)
11 9-Dec-2019 Lecture (Quiz-4) (HW-2 Due) Digital Filters & Embedded
Programming
12 16-Dec-2019 2nd Sessional (week)
13 23-Dec-2019 Lecture (Quiz-5) Embedded Control Systems
14 30-Dec-2019 Lecture Internet, Cloud, IoT and AI
15 6-Jan-2020 Lab (PLC & SCADA)
16 13-Jan-2020 Project
Presentations
17 20-Jan-2020 Lecture (Quiz-6) Noise Reduction and Isolation
18 27-Jan-2020 Final Exam (Week)
General Course Information
• Course Literature
• Curtis D Johnson. “Process Control Instrumentation
Technology”, 8th Edition, Prentice Hall, 2008. [Hard Copy]
• Emilio, M. D. P. (2013). Data Acquisition Systems From
Fundamentals to Applied Design, Springer. [Soft Copy]
• Computing, M. (2012). Data Acquisition Handbook,
Measurement Computing. [Soft Copy]
Part 2 - Lab Sessions
NI ELVIS II/II+ Lab Board
• Integrated Suite of 12 Instruments for Hands On,
Multi-disciplinary Education
• LabVIEW
NI ELVIS II/II+ Lab Board
• LabVIEW will be used to control data acquisition hardware
and provide process control environment
• Design and prototyping platform for measurement and
instrumentation, circuits, controls, telecommunications, and
embedded experiments
• Complete integration with Multisim for circuits and
electronics
• Completely open and customizable in LabVIEW
• Express VIs for point-and-click configuration in LabVIEW and
LabVIEW SignalExpress
Arduino Due (Arduino Kits)
• The Arduino Due is a microcontroller board based on the Atmel
SAM3X8E ARM Cortex-M3 CPU (32-bit).
• It has 54 digital input/output pins
• 12 can be used as PWM outputs
• 12 analog inputs
• 4 UARTs (hardware serial ports)
• 2 DAC (digital to analog), 2 TWI, a power jack, an SPI header, a JTAG
header, a reset button and an erase button.
• https://www.daraz.pk/products/arduino-due-i104226184-
s1250588589.html
 Data Acquisition System using PLC
• Programmable Logic Controller or PLC is a computing system used to
control electromechanical processes.
• SCADA stands for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition. It is a type
of industrial control system that is used to monitor and control facilities
and infrastructure in industries.
Project
 Project
• Arduino based research oriented project for each group
• Weightage is 10% in the course marks
• Project Report in IEEE paper format (Word/Latex)
Questions ?
 Data Acquisition and Control = DAQ + RT Digital
Control

A data-acquisition system is the portion of a measurement system

that quantifies and stores data.

Wireless/Wired
Transducer DAQ Hardware
Analog Input
ADC

Real World Process. Eg., Force, Digital

Analog Voltage/C
Velocity, Light etc. Voltage/Current urrent

DAC
Analog Output
Actuator
Data Acquisition and Control = DAQ + RT Digital
Control
Data Acquisition (DAQ) for R&D and Testing
Applications
• For Recording and Troubleshooting
• Oscilloscope
• Memory Recorders
• For Signal Generation
• Arbitrary Waveform generator
• Power Supply
• Automated Testing Systems
• Automated Testing and Analysis Systems
 Data Acquisition devices

Oscilloscope with no
PC based Standalone DAQ with display but PC interface
DAQ card PC interface

Digital Storage Data Recording

Oscilloscope (Memory Device)
Probes

•AC VOLTAGE PROBE

•NON-CONTACT AC VOLTAGE PROBE
•DIFFERENTIAL PROBE
•LOGIC PROBE
•Communication ADAPTER
 Oscilloscope AC Voltage Probe

Standard Voltage Probe Differential Voltage

Probe
Oscilloscope Current Probes

AC Current Probe DC Current Probe

Data Acquisition Software

•Waveform Display
•Data Logger
•Digital Communication Tester
•Data Analysis and Control
• LabView
• Matlab
• …………
Example
The General Measurment System
Significance of Measurement

• The primary objective in any measurement system is to establish the

value or the tendency of some variable.
• Measurement provides quantitative information on the actual state of
the physical variables and processes that otherwise could only be
estimated.

Input Output
Measurement
Process
System
True Value Measured value
of variable of variable Observer
Basic Definitions

• Process: A system which generates information, e.g.

a chemical reactor, a car, a human heart, or a
weather system
• Observer: A person (or another system) that needs
the information, e.g. a plant operator, a driver (or
engine control system), or a nurse
• Measurement system: A system that measures
information carrying quantities, processes them,
and presents them to the observer
 Structure of a Measurement System

1 2 3 4

Sensing Element Signal Conditioning Signal Processing Data Presentation

Element Element Element

True Value of Variable Measured Value of Variable

Output
Input
 Smart Sensors

Noise

Noise

True value of
the variable to SCE* Display/Recording/
be measure Sensor SPE* Analysis
(VCE)*
Output:
Transducer (Sensor + SCE)
v,i,f, ON/OFF
Measured value
of the variable
Transmitter (Sensor + SCE + SPE)

*SCE: Signal Conditioning Element

*VCE: Variable Conversion Element
*SPE: Signal Processing Element
1 Sensing elements

•In contact with the process and gives output

that depends on the variable(s) to be
measured.
• Thermocouple – voltage depends on temperature.
• Strain gauge – resistance depends on mechanical strain.
• Ultrasonic transducer – electrical output depends on
mechanical forces (vibrations) acting on the surface of the
transducer.
• Some sensing elements (sensors) depend directly on the
physical variable of interest, while others have a more
complex connection to the underlying mechanisms.
2 Signal conditioning elements

Converts sensor outputs to more suitable forms!

• Deflection bridge – converts impedance changes to
voltage changes.
• Amplifier – amplifies millivolts to volts, for example.
• Oscillator – converts impedance changes to variable
frequency voltage.
• Filters – noise removal
3 Signal processing elements

• Analog-to-Digital converter (ADC) – samples a

continuous voltage to a digital signal for input to a
computer, micro processor (μP), DSP, etc.
• Computer, μP, DSP – calculates the values of
measured variables given digital input.
• The signal processing elements can also combine
values from multiple sensors in order to calculate
some higher-level quantity  Sensor Fusion !!
4 Data Presentation Element
Pointer scale
Analog indicator

LEDs
Displays

CRTs
Digital
Data Presentation
elements LCDs
Chart
Recorder
Electro-
luminescence
Recorder/Printers
Paperless
recorder

Laser Printer
Example : Weight Measurement