1-2 Linking Devices

Linking Devices / Connectors signal meaning relationships between sentences or clauses in spoken or
written English.

Coordination

Link independent clauses in a sentence

 She has been studying Spanish for years, yet she cannot speak a word of it.

Subordination

Link phrases or dependent clauses to an independent clause in a sentence

 Once he overcame his shyness, Gerry excelled in his language classes.

 Gerry excelled in his language classes once he overcame his shyness.

Transition

Link independent clauses within a sentence.

OR

Link sentences within a paragraph.

 For weeks, Chris chose to ignore the “check engine” light on his dashboard; as a result, he had to
pay for major repairs.

Linking Devices

Time

Coordination

Subordination

 after  once

 after that  since

 before  the first time

 as soon as  when

 just as  while

 the moment  until

Transition

 then  initially

 meanwhile  afterwards

 next  Contrast

 subsequently

Coordination

 but

 yet

Subordination

 although  though

 while  in spite of

 whereas  despite

Transition

 however  on the other hand

 in contrast  on the contrary

 nevertheless
Example

Coordination

Subordination

Transition

 for example

 for instance

 in particular

Cause

Coordination

 For

Subordination

 because  owing to

 since  as a result of

 as  because of

 due to

Transition

Purpose
Coordination

Subordination

 in order to
 so as to

Transition

Effect

Coordination

 so

Subordination

Transition

 therefore  as a result

 consequently  thus

Addition

Coordination

 and

Subordination

Transition

 in addition  moreover

 furthermore  additionally

 besides  also

Condition

Coordination

Subordination

 if  provided that

 unless  providing
Transition

 otherwise