QUESTION 1

a) Table 1

Table 1: Age of OUM Learners in Petaling Jaya Learning Centre.

24 39 33 30 33 34 25 27
36 32 44 49 29 35 34 31
38 43 35 31 36 38 39 44
36 29 28 35 39 37 42 48
40 26 45 41 41 28 24 39

i. Prepare a frequency and relative frequency distribution of the data.

Class width = 4; Lower limit of first class = 23

Frequency
Relative Frequency (%)= ×100
Total frequency
Class Frequency Relative Frequency
23-26 4 0.100 = 10.0%
27-30 6 0.150 = 15.0%
31-34 7 0.175 = 17.5%
35-38 9 0.225 = 22.5%
39-42 8 0.200 = 20.0%
43-46 4 0.100 = 10.0%
47-50 2 0.050 = 5.0%

ii. Represent the data by using a histogram.

( Upper limit previous class )+( Lower limit that class)
Lower Class Boundary=
2
26+27
¿ =26.5
2
( Upper limit that class ) +(Lower limit next class)
Upper Class Boundary=
2
30+31
¿ =30.5
2

Class Lower Boundary Upper Boundary Frequency

23-26 22.5 26.5 4
27-30 26.5 30.5 6
31-34 30.5 34.5 7
35-38 34.5 38.5 9
 39-42 38.5 42.5 8
43-46 42.5 46.5 4
47-50 46.5 50.5 2

iii. Construct a cumulative frequency polygon of the type “  ”.

Cumulating Cumulative
Class Frequency Upper Boundary
Process Frequency
19-22 0 22.5 0 0
23-26 4 26.5 0+4 4
27-30 6 30.5 4+6 10
31-34 7 34.5 10+7 17
35-38 9 38.5 17+9 26
39-42 8 42.5 26+8 34
43-46 4 46.5 34+4 38
47-50 2 50.5 38+2 40

Upper Boundary Cumulative Frequency

22.5 0
26.5 4
30.5 10
34.5 17
38.5 26
42.5 34
46.5 38
50.5 40
iv. Use your graph in a)iii to estimate first quartile, median and third
quartile.
Q1 = 25% data line
Q2 = 50% data line
Q3 = 75% data line
 "Less than or equal" cumulative frequency polygon
45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

0
20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
Age

b) Table 2
i. calculate the mean and standard deviation.

Mean , x́=
∑ xi
n
23+21+24 +23+24 +23+22+22+23
x A= =22.78
9
20+ 20+21+22+22+ 23+21+21+23
xB= =21.44
9

Standard deviation , s=
√ ∑ ( xi − x́)2
i=1
n−1

Set A
x A− x́ A ( x A − x´A )2
 xA
23 0.22 0.0484
21 -1.78 3.1684
24 1.22 1.4884
23 0.22 0.0484
24 1.22 1.4884
23 0.22 0.0484
22 -0.78 0.6084
22 -0.78 0.6084
23 0.22 0.0484
n

∑ (x i−x́)2=7.5556
i=1

7.55562
sA =
√ 9−1
=2.67

Set B
xB x B − x́ B ( x B − x́ B )2
20 -1.44 2.0736
20 -1.44 2.0736
21 -0.44 0.1936
22 0.56 0.3136
22 0.56 0.3136
23 1.56 2.4336
21 -0.44 0.1936
21 -0.44 0.1936
23 1.56 2.4336
n

∑ (x i−x́)2=10.2224
i=1

10.2224 2
sA =
√ 9−1
=3.61

ii. compare their data spread using the coefficient of variation.

s
Coefficient of variation ,V =
x́
s A 2.67
V A= = ×100=11.72 %
x́ A 22.78

s B 3.61
V B= = ×100=16.84 %
x́ B 21.44
 Data B has more variation, while Data A is more consistent.
Therefore, Data Set A is more reliable compared to Data Set B.

QUESTION 2
Table 3: Weight of rice (kg)
5.01 4.98 5.02 5.00 4.99 5.00
4.97 5.02 5.00 5.01 5.01 5.00

a) i) mean

Mean , x́=
∑ xi
n

5.01+ 4.98+5.02+5.00+ 4.99+5.00+4.97 +5.02+ 5.00+5.01+ 5.01+5.00

x= =5.00
12

ii) mode
Mode = 5.00 since the frequency of 5.00 is the highest, which is 4

iii) median
1
Median , ~
x= (n+1)
2

~ (12+1)
x= =6.5
2
The position at the middle is between 6th and 7th position

4.97, 4.98, 4.99, 5.00, 5.00, 5.00, 5.00, 5.01, 5.01, 5.01, 5.02, 5.02

~ (5.00+ 5.00)
x= =5.00
2

iv) variance

Variance , s 2=
∑ ( x− x́ )2
n−1
 x x−x́ ( x− x́ )2
5.01 5.01-5.00=0.01 1 ×10−4
4.98 4.98-5.00=0.02 4 ×10−4
5.02 5.02-5.00=0.02 4 ×10−4
5.00 5.00-5.00=0.00 0
4.99 4.99-5.00=-0.01 1 ×10−4
5.00 5.00-5.00=0.00 0
4.97 4.97-5.00=-0.03 9 ×10−4
5.02 5.02-5.00=-0.02 4 ×10−4
5.00 5.00-5.00=0.00 0
5.01 5.01-5.00=0.01 1 ×10−4
5.01 5.01-5.00=0.01 1 ×10−4
5.00 5.00-5.00=0.00 0
2
n=12 ∑ (x− x́) =2.5× 10−3

s2=
∑ ( x− x́)2 = 2.5× 10−3 =2.27 ×10−4
n−1 12−1

v) standard deviation

Standard deviation , s=√ ( s 2 )

s= √2.27 × 10−4 =0.015 ≈ 0.02

b) State the type of distribution using location relationship.
Mean = Mode = Median = 5.00

x́=~
x= x^ =5.00
QUESTION 3

Table 4: Loyalty of Academicians and Length of Service with The University.

Length of Service Total

Loyalty Less than 1-5 years 6-10 years More than
1 year 10 years
Would remain 10 30 5 75 120
Would not remain 25 15 10 30 80

a) Represent the information in Table 4 as a tree diagram.

A (<1 year)
10/120

30/120
 R B (1-5 years)
5/120
120/200
C (6 – 10 years)

75/120
D (>10 years)

A (<1 year)
25/80
80/200 15/80
NR B (1-5 years)
10/80
C (6 – 10 years)

30/80

D (>10 years)

b) What is the probability of randomly selecting an academic who is loyal to the

university and who has more than 10 years of service?

120 75 3
P ( R∧D ) =P ( R ∩ D )=P ( R ) ∩ P ( D )= . = =0.375
200 120 8

c) What is the probability of selecting an academic who would not remain with
university and has 6-10 years length of service?
80 10 1
P ( N R∧C )=P ( N R ∩C )=P ( N R ) ∩ P ( C ) = . = =0.05
200 80 20

d) What is the probability of selecting an academic who would remain with the
university, given that he or she has less than one year length of service?
P( R ∩ A)
P ( R|A )=
P( A)

P(A) = (10+25)/200 = 35/200

 120 10
()( )
P(R ∩ A) 200 120 2
P ( R|A )= = = =0.28
P( A) 35 7
200

e) What is the probability of selecting an academic who would not remain with
the university, given that he or she has more than 10 years of service?
P ( N R ∩ D)
P ( N R|D )=
P( D)

P(D) = (75+30)/200 = 105/200

80 30
P ( N R|D )=
P ( N R ∩ D)
=
( 200 )( 80 )
P (D ) 105
200
2
¿ =0.28
7

f) What is the probability of selecting an academic with more than 10 years of

service or one who would not remain with the company?
105 80 185 37
P ( D ) ∪ P ( NR )= + = = =0.925
200 200 200 40