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4.AM Demodulators
4.AM Demodulators
4.1 OBJECTIVES
Amplitude
Demodulator
Diode Detector
Since an AM modulated signal is the signal that the carrier amplitude varies with
the modulating amplitude, a demodulator is used to extract the original
modulating signal from the AM signal.
4-1
Unit 4 AM Demodulators
Low-pass
Rectifier Filter
»n A A'ftnnflfl A hr
Fig.4-2 Block diagram of a rectified demodulator
Fig. 4-3 shows a practical diode detector circuit. The components Ri, R2, R3, R4,
U-, and U2 constitute two inverting amplifiers connected in cascading to offer a
proper gain for the AM signal. The amplified AM signal is rectified by Di diode
and then fed into the input of the low-pass filter constructed by C2, C3 and R5.
The output signal of low-pass filter is the positive-half envelope with a dc level.
The capacitor C4 is used to pass the ac components while blocking the dc
component.
R2 22k
R4 22k r I
-12 V
•12 V
R.j lk R3 lk Di
R5 lk C4 O.lu
'
inpu- sig
1N4004
>+ ■AAAr -o
Demodulated
CI ■Rs output
-12 V O.lu C2 C3 ’4.7k
-12 V O.lu 0.0lu 0.0lu
Ui
[IA741 U2
JAA741
—
Amplifier Diode detector
4-2
Unit 4 AM Demodulators
Product Detector
x, = V, cos(27tfc t) ( 4-2 )
If these two signals are connected to the inputs of balance demodulator, then
the output of balance demodulator will be
kV Dc V, 2 + kV 1V2
mcos(27zycnt)
2 2
kV .V 2 r
+ [1+ mcos(2gf„,t)]cos[2(27zict)] (4-3)
2
where k is the gain of balanced modulator. The first term on the right side of
Eq.(4-3) represents dc level, the second term is the modulating signal, and the
third term is the second-order harmonic signal. To recover the modulating signal,
the intelligence must be extracted from the AM signal xout(t).
Unit 4 AM Demodulators
(12)
-0-
Outpui
Qi 02 QJ "Q4
(10)
Carrier - o
input + o-
(8) Q5 Q6
Modulating
input
+0-
(1)
© a (2)
oGain
QT 0 adjust
Bias (3)
iQs
(Sxr
R2 R3
<»)
-V O
5?ci» 500 500
Fig. 4-5 shows the product detector circuit. The VFÿ controls the input level of
the carrier signal. The output signal from the MC1496 pin 12 is expressed by Eq.
(4-3). The low-pass filter constructed by C7, C9 and R9 is used to remove the
third term, which is the second-order harmonic signal in the AM modulated
signal. The first term of Eq. ( 4-3 ) is the dc level that can be blocked by the
capacitor Gio. The amplitude demodulated output signal can be given by
Eq. (4-4) represents the audio signal. In other words, the product detector has
extracted the audio signal from the AM signal.
From the discussion above, we can conclude that the diode detector is an
asynchronous detector whose circuit is simple but quality is bad. The product
detector is a synchronous detector whose quality is excellent but the circuit is
more complicated and the carrier signal must exactly synchronize with the AM
signal.
4-4
Unit 4 AM Demodulators
R2 1 k R,1 2k
• 0
Ri Cu +12V
Cl C4 - R5 270
1k 0 lu
0.1u 0.1u
R
2k
—WV—s— 8 2 3
1k
Carrier VR,
input 10
100k
C2
0 0.1u
UI
0 1 MC 1496
II
AM C3
input O. lu
R9 1 k C lap 2.2u
VR2 A A,
00k 14 12 0
Demodulated
output
c,
0.1u
IT 5
— C9
1000T
2.2uT i'°461T
1 - Module KL-92001
2 - Module KL-93002
3 - Oscilloscope
4 - RF Generator
□2. Set the input signals of AM modulator for the carrier of 250mVp-p,
200kHz sine wave, and the audio signal of 150mVp-p, 3kHz sine wave.
□5. Switch the vertical input of scope to DC coupling and observe the
output waveforms of the amplifier and the diode detector, and record
the results in Table 4-1.
□6.Change the audio frequencies for 2kHz and 1kHz, and repeat step 5.
□7.Adjust the carrier to a 250mVp-p, 300kHz sine wave, and the audio to a
250mVp-p, 3kHz sine wave.
4-6
Unit 4 AM Demodulators
9. Set the vertical input of scope to DC coupling and observe the output
waveforms of the amplifier and the diode detector, and record the
results in Table 4-2.
D 1 O. Change the audio frequencies for 2kHz and 1kHz, and repeat step 9.
Unit 4 AM Demodulators
02. Set the input signals of AM modulator for the carrier of 250mVp-p, 500
kHz sine wave, and the audio signal of 150mVp-p, 3kHz sine wave.
05. Switch the vertical input of scope to DC coupling and observe the
output waveform of the product detector, and record the result in Table
4-3.
06. Change the audio frequencies for 2kHz and 1kHz, and repeat step 5.
07. Adjust the carrier to a 250 mVp-p, 1 MHz sine wave, and the audio to a
150 mVp-p, 2 kHz sine wave.
09. Switch the vertical input of scope to DC coupling and observe the
output waveform of the product detector, and record the result in Table
4-4.
010. Change the carrier frequencies for 1.5MHz and 2MHz, and repeat
step 9.
4-8
Unit 4 AM Demodulators
Table 4-1
Audio
Input Waveform Detector Output Waveform
Frequency
3 kHz
2 kHz
1 kHz
4-9
TJ
Unit 4 AM Demodulators
Table 4-2
Carrier
Input Waveform Detector Output Waveform
Frequency
3 kHz
2 kHz
1 kHz
4-10
Unit 4 AM Demodulators
Table 4-3
Audio
Input Waveform Detector Output Waveform
Frequency
3 kHz
2 kHz
1 kHz
4-11
T
Unit 4 AM Demodulators
Table 4-4
Carrier
Input Waveform Detector Output Waveform
Frequency
1 MHz
1.5 MHz
2 MHz
4-12
Unit 4 AM Demodulators
4.5 QUESTIONS
1. In the diode detector circuit of Fig. 4-3, if the operational amplifier pA741
is neglected, what is the output signal?
2. In the product detector circuit of Fig. 4-5, if the carrier signal and the AM
ignal are asynchronous, what is the output signal?