Assignment 1

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Digital Logic Design
Lab manual

Submitted By:

Name: PirZada.

Submitted To:
Name: Imran Ahmad.

Submission Date: Saturday, 4 July 2020.

Task # 1.1:
Use the ICs of individual gates to construct the circuit and verify the
truth table of all gates. (AND, OR, NAND, NOR, XOR).
Ans:
Circuit:
AND Gate And Truth Table:

Conclusion:
AND gate produces an output as 1, when all its inputs are 1; otherwise the output
is 0. This gate can have minimum 2 inputs but output is always one. Its output is 0
when any input is 0.
Commonly available digital logic AND gate IC’s include:
TTL Logic AND Gate
 74LS08 Quad 2-input
 74LS11 Triple 3-input
 74LS21 Dual 4-input

CMOS Logic AND Gate

 CD4081 Quad 2-input
 CD4073 Triple 3-input
 CD4082 Dual 4-input

OR Gate:
Circuit and Truth Table:
Conclusion:
OR gate produces an output as 1, when any or all its inputs are 1; otherwise the
output is 0. This gate can have minimum 2 inputs but output is always one. Its
output is 0 when all input are 0.

TTL Logic OR Gates

 74LS32 Quad 2-input

CMOS Logic OR Gates

 CD4071 Quad 2-input
 CD4075 Triple 3-input
 CD4072 Dual 4-input

NOT Gate:
Circuit And Truth Table:
Conclusion:
NOT gate produces the complement of its input. This gate is also called an
INVERTER. It always has one input and one output. Its output is 0 when input is 1
and output is 1 when input is 0.

TTL Logic NOT Gates

 74LS04 Hex Inverting NOT Gate
 74LS14 Hex Schmitt Inverting NOT Gate
 74LS1004 Hex Inverting Drivers

CMOS Logic NOT Gates

 CD4009 Hex Inverting NOT Gate
 CD4069 Hex Inverting NOT Gate
 NAND Gate :
Circuit And Tuth Table:

Conclusion:
NAND gate is actually a series of AND gate with NOT gate. If we connect the
output of an AND gate to the input of a NOT gate, this combination will work as
NOT-AND or NAND gate. Its output is 1 when any or all inputs are 0, otherwise
output is 1.

TTL Logic NAND Gates

 74LS00 Quad 2-input
 74LS10 Triple 3-input
 74LS20 Dual 4-input
 74LS30 Single 8-input

CMOS Logic NAND Gates

 CD4011 Quad 2-input
 CD4023 Triple 3-input
 CD4012 Dual 4-input

NOR Gate:
Circuit And Tuth Table:

Conclusion:
NOR gate is actually a series of OR gate with NOT gate. If we connect the output
of an OR gate to the input of  a NOT gate, this combination will work as NOT-OR
or NOR gate. Its output is 0 when any or all inputs are 1, otherwise output is 1.
Commonly available digital logic NOR gate IC’s include:
TTL Logic NOR Gates
 74LS02 Quad 2-input
 74LS27 Triple 3-input
 74LS260 Dual 4-input

CMOS Logic NOR Gates

 CD4001 Quad 2-input
 CD4025 Triple 3-input
 CD4002 Dual 4-input

Exclusive OR (X-OR) Gate:

Circuit And Truth Table:

Conclusion:
X-OR gate produces an output as 1, when number of 1’s at its inputs is odd,
otherwise output is 0. It has two inputs and one output.
Commonly available digital logic Exclusive-OR gate IC’s include:
TTL Logic Ex-OR Gates
 74LS86 Quad 2-input

CMOS Logic Ex-OR Gates

 CD4030 Quad 2-input

Task # 1.2:
Use NAND to build NOT gate.
Ans:

Circuit And Truth Table:

Conclusion:

NAND gates as NOT gate

A NOT produces complement of the input. It can have only one input,
tie the inputs of a NAND gate together. Now it will work as a NOT gate.
Its output is
Y = (A.A)’
=>                                 Y = (A)’

Task # 1.3:
  Implement the following circuit on bread board
 Construct the truth table
 Identify the type of gate constructed

Ans:

Circuit And Truth Table :

Conclusion:
From DeMorgan’s theorems: (A.B)’ = A’ + B’
=>                                            (A’.B’)’ = A’’ + B’’ = A + B
So, give the inverted inputs to a NAND gate, obtain OR operation at
output.

Task # 1.4:
Use an inverter designed from a NOR gate to invert the
output of the circuit below ?
Ans:
Circuit And Truth Table :

Conclusion :
From DeMorgan’s theorems: (A+B)’ = A’B’
=>                                            (A’+B’)’ = A’’B’’ = AB
So, give the inverted inputs to a NOR gate, obtain AND operation at
output.

Answer the following questions

1)Which two connections are necessary for an IC to work?
Ans:
Integrated circuits (ICs) are a keystone of modern electronics.
They are the heart and brains of most circuits. An IC is a
collection of electronic components
resistors, transistors, capacitors, etc. The integrated circuit uses a
semiconductor material (read chips) as the working table and
frequently silicon is selected for the task.
2)What is the nominal value of voltage (Vcc) supplied to the IC for it
to work?
Ans:
The nominal value of Ic can be slected from the data sheet.the
nominal value of voltage(Vcc) is between 5V to 12 V.

3) :To design a NOT gate from a NAND gate, both the inputs
of a NAND gate are fed with the same input signal. Does this
concept hold for constructing a NOT gate using a NOR gate
as well?
Ans:
logic NOT gate can also be made using standard NAND and NOR
gates by connecting together ALL their inputs to a common input
signal for example. A very simple inverter can also be made using
just a single stage transistor switching circuit as shown.
(4Which two gates are known as universal gates and why?
Ans:
A universal gate is a gate which can implement any Boolean
function without need to use any other gate type.
NAND and NOR are called universal gates because all the other
gates like and,or,not,xor and xnor can be derived from it.
A universal gate is a gate which can implement any Boolean function
without need to use any other gate type.

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