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    Pa Tho Physiology of Achalasia

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    Sewyel Garburi
    Achalasia is a condition caused by degeneration of neurons in the esophageal wall, resulting in the inability of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax properly. This leads to symptoms like difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) and regurgitation of undigested food. Other signs include weight loss, chest pain, coughing, and a feeling of fullness. The pathophysiology involves both the loss of inhibitory innervation of the lower esophageal sphincter and reduced peristalsis of the esophageal smooth muscle.

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    Pa Tho Physiology of Achalasia

    Uploaded by

    Sewyel Garburi
    363 views1 page
    Achalasia is a condition caused by degeneration of neurons in the esophageal wall, resulting in the inability of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax properly. This leads to symptoms like difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) and regurgitation of undigested food. Other signs include weight loss, chest pain, coughing, and a feeling of fullness. The pathophysiology involves both the loss of inhibitory innervation of the lower esophageal sphincter and reduced peristalsis of the esophageal smooth muscle.

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    Achalasia is a condition caused by degeneration of neurons in the esophageal wall, resulting in the inability of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax properly. This leads to symptoms like difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) and regurgitation of undigested food. Other signs include weight loss, chest pain, coughing, and a feeling of fullness. The pathophysiology involves both the loss of inhibitory innervation of the lower esophageal sphincter and reduced peristalsis of the esophageal smooth muscle.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    363 views1 page

    Pa Tho Physiology of Achalasia

    Uploaded by

    Sewyel Garburi
    Achalasia is a condition caused by degeneration of neurons in the esophageal wall, resulting in the inability of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax properly. This leads to symptoms like difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) and regurgitation of undigested food. Other signs include weight loss, chest pain, coughing, and a feeling of fullness. The pathophysiology involves both the loss of inhibitory innervation of the lower esophageal sphincter and reduced peristalsis of the esophageal smooth muscle.

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    Pathophysiology of Achalasia

    Signs and Symptoms


    Dysphagia (difficulty in swallowing)
    Predisposing Factors Precipitating Factors Regurgitation of indigested food.
    Age (elderly and middle age) Damage to the nerves to the Weight loss
    Sex esophagus Chest pain (heart burn)
    Parasitic infection Coughing
    Feeling of fullness.
    Nocturnal cough

    Degeneration of neurons (ganglion


    cells) in the esophageal wall Disordered motility loss of inhibitory
    neurons within the wall of the
    esophagus itself. Dilatation and loss
    of peristaltic
    ↓number of neurons (ganglion activity
    cells) in the myenteric plexus
    Loss of inhibitory innervation in the
    lower esophageal sphincter pressure to Esophageal dilation
    Ganglion cells remain often rise
    surrounded by lymphocytes and less
    prominently by eosinophils.
    Sphincter muscle incapable of normal
    relaxation.
    Inflammatory degeneration involves
    nitric oxide producing inhibitory
    neurons effect the relaxation of
    Smooth muscle portion of the
    esophageal smooth muscle.
    esophageal body, loss of inhibitory
    neurons results in aperistalsis.

    Cholinergic neurons that contribute to


    lower esophageal sphincter tone by Achalasia
    causing smooth muscle contraction are
    relatively spared.

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