Lifting Equipmnets

‫آﻛﺎدﻣﻲ ﺗﻮف اﻳﺮان ‪ -‬آﻟﻤﺎن‬
‫دوره آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ و ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ اﻳﻤﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺑﺎرﺑﺮداري و ادوات ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﻨﺶ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺎن ‪ :‬ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻓﻮﻻد ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن‬

‫زﻣﺎن ‪ 27 :‬آﺑﺎﻧﻤﺎه ‪1394‬‬
‫ﻣﺪرس ‪ :‬اﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ ﺧﻴّﺮ‬

‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪس ارﺷﺪ ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻓﻼت ﻗﺎره‬
‫ﻣﺪرس رﺳﻤﻲ آﻛﺎدﻣﻲ ﺗﻮف ﻧﻮرد‬
‫‪#1‬‬
‫اﻧﻮاع ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ‬
‫‪Mobile Crane‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪#2‬‬
‫دوره آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ و ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ اﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺑﺎرﺑﺮداري و ادوات ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﻨﺶ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺎن ‪ :‬ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻓﻮﻻد ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن‪ -‬زﻣﺎن ‪ 27‬آﺑﺎﻧﻤﺎه ‪1394‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﻣﺪرس ‪ :‬ﻣﻬﻨﺪس اﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ ﺧﻴّﺮ‬
‫‪Pedestal Crane‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪#3‬‬
‫)‪Overhead Travel Crane (OTC‬‬
‫‪#4‬‬
‫‪Gantry Crane‬‬
‫‪#5‬‬
‫‪Workshop Crane‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫‪#6‬‬
‫ آﻟﻤﺎن‬- ‫آﻛﺎدﻣﻲ ﺗﻮف اﻳﺮان‬
Fork lift / lift truck
#7
Lifting equipment category
BEAM Runway Beam

Spreader Beam
CHAIN Chain Lengths
Chain Sling
Mobile Crane
DAVIT Lifeboat Davit
Life raft Davit
 Water bag
HOOK Safety Hook or Latch Hook

Swivel/hook block/snach block
JIB Swing Jib
Gantry Jib
#8
1394 ‫ آﺑﺎﻧﻤﺎه‬27 ‫ زﻣﺎن‬-‫ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻓﻮﻻد ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن‬: ‫ﻣﻜﺎن‬
4 ‫ ﻣﻬﻨﺪس اﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ ﺧﻴّﺮ‬: ‫ﻣﺪرس‬
‫‪Beam / run way /Spreader‬‬
‫‪#9‬‬
‫‪Chain / Chain sling‬‬
‫‪# 10‬‬
‫‪Davit / Swing jib‬‬
‫‪11‬‬
‫‪# 11‬‬
‫‪life boat davit / life boat/life raft davit‬‬
‫‪12‬‬
‫‪# 12‬‬
‫‪Water Bag‬‬
‫‪# 13‬‬
‫‪Hook / Hook block /headache ball/‬‬
‫‪# 14‬‬
Swivel hook/ snach block/ duplex Hook/Anchor line hook
15
# 15
Lifting equipment category-Continue

MANUAL HOIST Wire Rope Hoist / Tirfor
Manual Chain Hoist/ Chain
Block
Chain Pull lift
PERSONNEL CARRIER Personnel Transfer Basket
Gang way
Cargo Basket
POWER HOIST Electric Chain Hoist
Electric Wire Rope Hoist
Pneumatic Chain Hoist
Pneumatic Wire Rope Hoist
POWER WINCH Electric Winch
Air Winch
Hydraulic Winch
# 16
‫‪Personal carrying basket‬‬
‫‪17‬‬
‫‪# 17‬‬
‫‪Cargo and manbasket‬‬
‫‪# 18‬‬
‫‪Gang way‬‬
‫‪# 19‬‬
‫‪Electric chain‬‬
‫‪PNEUMATIC CHAIN HOISTS‬‬
‫‪hoists‬‬
‫‪20‬‬
‫‪# 20‬‬
Power winch
# 21
SHACKLE Dee Screw Pin Shackl

Bow Screw Pin Shackle
Dee Safety Pin Shackle
Bow Safety Pin Shackle
SHEAVE BLOCK Sheave Block
Multiple Sheave Block
TRUCK Fork lift Truck
Pallet Truck
WIRE ROPE Fiber Core Wire Rope
Steel Core Wire Rope
WIRE ROPE SLING Single Leg WRS
Multiple Leg WRS
Bridle
# 22
‫‪Shackle / Bow & Dee‬‬
‫‪# 23‬‬
‫‪Sheave / sheave block‬‬

‫‪/ Socket‬‬
‫‪24‬‬
‫‪# 24‬‬
‫‪o Fork lift / lift truck‬‬
‫‪# 25‬‬
‫‪Pallet Truck‬‬
‫‪26‬‬
‫‪# 26‬‬
‫‪Wire rope ( Fiber & Steel Core) / bridle‬‬
‫‪# 27‬‬
‫‪Wire rope sling‬‬
‫‪# 28‬‬

POLYESTER/FIBRE SLINGS Slings / Cargo Nets
WIRE ROPE FITTING Thimbles
Sockets
Wire Rope Grips
Swivels
Ferrule Secured Eye
Terminations
PADEYE & EYE BOLT

METALLIC CONTAINERS Containers
Baskets
Racks
TROLLEYS Adjustable Geared Trolley
Auto lock Beam Trolley
# 29
Polyester / fibre sling / webbing sling
# 30
‫‪Cargo net‬‬
‫‪# 31‬‬
‫‪Wire rope Eye‬‬
‫•‬ ‫‪Hand spliced‬‬

‫•‬ ‫‪Thimble‬‬
‫•‬ ‫‪Spelter Socket‬‬
‫•‬ ‫‪Corpy / Clips‬‬
‫‪# 32‬‬
‫‪Wire rope Fitting‬‬
‫‪# 33‬‬
‫‪Eye bolt / pad eye‬‬
‫‪# 34‬‬
‫‪Trolley / clamp‬‬
‫‪# 35‬‬
‫‪Tirfor‬‬
‫‪36‬‬
‫‪# 36‬‬
‫‪Lever‬‬ ‫‪PULL LIFT‬‬

‫‪block‬‬
‫‪# 37‬‬
‫‪Turn Buckle‬‬
‫‪# 38‬‬
‫‪Load cell / water bag‬‬
‫‪# 39‬‬
‫اﻧﻮاع ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر واﻳﺮ‬
‫‪ o‬ﻣﻐﺰ ﻛﻨﻔﻲ‬
‫‪ o‬ﻣﻔﺰ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ‬
‫‪# 40‬‬
Rope Cores
‫ ﻣﻐﺰي ﻛﻨﻔﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻓﻴﺒﺮ‬-1

‫ ﻣﻐﺰي ﻓﻴﺒﺮي ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﺷﺪه‬-2
‫ ﻣﻐﺰي اﺳﺘﻴﻞ از ﻧﻮع اﺳﺘﺮاﻧﺪ‬-3
(‫ ﻣﻐﺰي ﻓﻠﺰي ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ) ﻧﻪ از ﻧﻮع اﺳﺘﺮاﻧﺪ‬-4
# 41
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺳﻴﻢ ﺑﻜﺴﻞ‬

Wire rope and construction
Strands and Construction
Wires are the basic building blocks
of wire rope. They lay around a
"center" in a specified pattern in one
or more layers to form a strand. The
strands lay around a core to form a
wire rope.
Characteristics like fatigue
resistance and resistance to
abrasion are directly affected by the
design of strands. In most strands
with two or more layers of wires,
inner layers support outer layers in
such a manner that all wires may
slide and adjust freely when the
rope bends. As a general rule, a rope
that has strands made up of a few
large wires will be more abrasion
resistant and less fatigue resistant
than a rope of the same size made
up of strands with many smaller
wires.
# 42
‫‪# 43‬‬
‫‪Wire rope sling‬‬
‫‪# 44‬‬
Lay length
# 45
‫ﮔﺎم درﺳﻴﻢ ﺑﻜﺴﻞ ﻫﺎ‬
·The length along the rope that a strand makes one

complete spiral around the rope core. This is a
measurement frequently used in wire rope inspection.
Standards and regulations require removal when a
certain number of broken wires per rope lay are
found. The lay of a rope affects its operational
characteristics. Regular lay is more stable and more
resistant to crushing than lang lay. While lang lay is
more fatigue resistant and abrasion resistant, use is
normally limited to single layer spooling and when the
rope and load are restrained from rotation.
# 46
‫ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺳﻴﻢ ﺑﻜﺴﻞ ﻫﺎ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﭼﭗ ﮔﺮد ﻳﺎ راﺳﺖ ﮔﺮد ﺑﻮدن‬
‫ﺭﺍﺳﺕ ﮔﺭﺩﻣﻧﻅﻡ )‪(ZS‬‬
‫ﺭﺍﺳﺕ ﮔﺭﺩ ﻟﻧﮓ )◌َ ◌َ ◌َ ◌َ ‪(Z َ◌Z‬‬
‫ﭼپ ﮔﺭﺩ ﻣﻧﻅﻡ )‪(SZ‬‬
‫ﭼپ ﮔﺭﺩ ﻟﻧﮓ )‪(SS‬‬
‫‪# 47‬‬
‫‪Basic 19 wire strand construction‬‬
‫‪# 48‬‬
‫‪Basic 31 wire strand construction‬‬
‫‪# 49‬‬
‫‪Lay rope type‬‬
‫‪# 50‬‬
Wire rope construction
Key to abbreviations:
Strand core
FC - Fiber core
WS - Warrington Seale
RR – Right Regular Lay
RL – Right Lang Lay
IWRC - Independent Wire Rope Core
# 51
Wire rope core
Independent wire rope

core (IWRC)
Steel strand core
Armoured core
Fibre core (FC)
# 52
basic strand ‫اﻧﻮاع ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر‬

constructions
Single (ordinary) Layer. The most common example of the single

layer construction is a 7-wire strand. It has a single-wire center with six
.wires of the same diameter around it
‫ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ‬-1
‫ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪه ﺗﻌﺪاد اﺳﺘﺮاﻧﺪ اﺳﺖ‬6 ‫ﻋﺪد‬
‫ ﺗﻌﺪاد رﺷﺘﻪ رﺷﺘﻪ ﺳﻴﻢ در اﺳﺘﺮاﻧﺪ اﺳﺖ‬19 ‫ﻋﺪد‬
FC=FIBER CORE ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻪ ﻛﻨﻔﻲ‬
# 53
‫اﻧﻮاع ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر‬
Seale. This construction has two layers of wires around a

center wire with the same number of wires in each layer.
All wires in each layer are the same diameter. The strand
is designed so that the large outer wires rest in the alleys
between the small inner wires.
‫ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺳﻴﻞ‬-2
‫ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪه ﺗﻌﺪاد اﺳﺘﺮاﻧﺪ اﺳﺖ‬8 ‫ و‬6 ‫ﻋﺪد‬
‫ ﺗﻌﺪاد رﺷﺘﻪ رﺷﺘﻪ ﺳﻴﻢ در اﺳﺘﺮاﻧﺪ اﺳﺖ‬19 ‫ﻋﺪد‬
IWRC= INDEPENDENT WIRE ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ‬
ROPR CORE
# 54
‫‪ -2‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺳﻴﻞ )ﺟﺰﻳﻴﺎت اﺳﺘﺮاﻧﺪ ‪ 19‬ﺳﻴﻤﻪ (‬
‫‪# 55‬‬
‫‪Filler Wire. This construction has two layers of uniform-size wire around‬‬
‫‪a center wire with the inner layer having half the number of wires as the‬‬
‫‪outer layer. Small filler wires, equal in number to the inner layer, are laid‬‬
‫‪in the valleys of the inner layer.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﻓﻴﻠﺮ )ﭘﺮ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه(‬
‫ﻋﺪد ‪ 8‬و ‪ 6‬ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪه ﺗﻌﺪاد اﺳﺘﺮاﻧﺪ اﺳﺖ‬

‫ﻋﺪد ‪ 19‬و ‪ 25‬ﺗﻌﺪاد رﺷﺘﻪ رﺷﺘﻪ ﺳﻴﻢ در اﺳﺘﺮاﻧﺪ اﺳﺖ‬
‫~ ﻫﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ‪IWRC= INDEPENDENT WIRE ROPR CORE‬‬
‫‪# 56‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﻓﻴﻠﺮ )ﺟﺰﻳﻴﺎت اﺳﺘﺮاﻧﺪ ‪ 41‬ﺳﻴﻤﻪ (‬
‫‪# 57‬‬
‫‪Warrington. This construction has two layer with one‬‬

‫‪diameter of wire in the inner layer, and two diameters of‬‬
‫‪wire alternating large and small in the outer layer. The‬‬
‫‪larger outer-layer wires rest in the valleys, and the‬‬
‫‪smaller ones on the crowns, of the inner layer.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر وارﻳﻨﮕﺘﻮن‬
‫ﻋﺪد ‪ 8‬و ‪ 6‬ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪه ﺗﻌﺪاد اﺳﺘﺮاﻧﺪ اﺳﺖ‬

‫ﻋﺪد ‪ 19‬ﺗﻌﺪاد رﺷﺘﻪ رﺷﺘﻪ ﺳﻴﻢ در اﺳﺘﺮاﻧﺪ اﺳﺖ‬
‫‪# 58‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر وارﻳﻨﮕﺘﻮن )ﺟﺰﻳﻴﺎت اﺳﺘﺮاﻧﺪ ‪ 19‬ﺳﻴﻤﻪ (‬
‫‪# 59‬‬
‫‪Combined patterns:‬‬
‫‪ٌ◌ ٌ◌ When a strand is formed in a single operation‬‬
‫‪using two or more of the constructions, it is‬‬
‫"‪referred to as a "combined pattern.‬‬
‫‪ -5‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر‬
‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ‬
‫‪# 60‬‬
‫دﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺳﻴﻢ ﺑﻜﺴﻞ ﻫﺎ‬
‫‪ -1‬دردﺳﺘﻪ ‪ 6*7‬ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺳﻴﻢ در ﻫﺮ اﺳﺘﺮاﻧﺪ از ‪ 3‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 14‬ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ اﺳﺖ‪-‬‬

‫‪ -2‬دردﺳﺘﻪ ‪ 6*19‬ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺳﻴﻢ در ﻫﺮ اﺳﺘﺮاﻧﺪ از ‪ 16‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 26‬ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ اﺳﺖ‪-‬‬
‫‪ -3‬دردﺳﺘﻪ ‪ 6*37‬ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺳﻴﻢ در ﻫﺮ اﺳﺘﺮاﻧﺪ از ‪ 27‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 49‬ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ اﺳﺖ‬
‫‪ -4‬دردﺳﺘﻪ ‪ 8*19‬ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺳﻴﻢ در ﻫﺮ اﺳﺘﺮاﻧﺪ از ‪ 15‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 26‬ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ اﺳﺖ‬
‫‪# 61‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻴﻢ ﺑﻜﺴﻞ ﻫﺎي‪6*19‬‬
‫)‪6 X 19 (FC‬‬ ‫)‪6 X 19 (IWRC‬‬
‫‪Breaking strength‬‬ ‫‪Breaking strength‬‬

‫‪Rope‬‬ ‫‪in tons of 2,000 lb‬‬ ‫‪Rope‬‬ ‫‪in tons of 2,000 lb‬‬
‫‪Weight‬‬ ‫‪Weight‬‬
‫‪diameter‬‬ ‫‪diameter‬‬
‫)‪(lb per ft‬‬ ‫‪Improved‬‬ ‫)‪(lb per ft‬‬ ‫‪Improved‬‬
‫)‪(in.‬‬ ‫‪Plow steel‬‬ ‫)‪(in.‬‬ ‫‪Plow steel‬‬
‫‪plow steel‬‬ ‫‪plow steel‬‬
‫‪3/16‬‬ ‫‪0.06‬‬ ‫‪1.3‬‬ ‫‪1.5‬‬ ‫‪3/16‬‬ ‫‪0.07‬‬ ‫‪1.4‬‬ ‫‪1.6‬‬
‫‪1/4‬‬ ‫‪0.10‬‬ ‫‪2.4‬‬ ‫‪2.7‬‬ ‫‪1/4‬‬ ‫‪0.11‬‬ ‫‪2.6‬‬ ‫‪2.9‬‬
‫‪5/16‬‬ ‫‪0.16‬‬ ‫‪3.8‬‬ ‫‪4.1‬‬ ‫‪5/16‬‬ ‫‪0.18‬‬ ‫‪4.1‬‬ ‫‪4.4‬‬
‫‪3/8‬‬ ‫‪0.23‬‬ ‫‪5.4‬‬ ‫‪6.0‬‬ ‫‪3/8‬‬ ‫‪0.25‬‬ ‫‪5.8‬‬ ‫‪6.5‬‬
‫‪7/16‬‬ ‫‪0.31‬‬ ‫‪7.0‬‬ ‫‪8.0‬‬ ‫‪7/16‬‬ ‫‪0.34‬‬ ‫‪7.5‬‬ ‫‪8.6‬‬
‫½‬ ‫‪0.40‬‬ ‫‪10.0‬‬ ‫‪11.0‬‬ ‫½‬ ‫‪0.44‬‬ ‫‪10.8‬‬ ‫‪11.8‬‬
‫‪9/16‬‬ ‫‪0.51‬‬ ‫‪11.7‬‬ ‫‪13.3‬‬ ‫‪9/16‬‬ ‫‪0.56‬‬ ‫‪12.6‬‬ ‫‪14.3‬‬
‫‪5/8‬‬ ‫‪0.63‬‬ ‫‪15.0‬‬ ‫‪16.5‬‬ ‫‪5/8‬‬ ‫‪0.69‬‬ ‫‪16.1‬‬ ‫‪17.7‬‬
‫‪3/4‬‬ ‫‪0.90‬‬ ‫‪21.5‬‬ ‫‪23.8‬‬ ‫‪3/4‬‬ ‫‪0.99‬‬ ‫‪23.1‬‬ ‫‪25.6‬‬
‫‪7/8‬‬ ‫‪1.23‬‬ ‫‪28.3‬‬ ‫‪32.0‬‬ ‫‪7/8‬‬ ‫‪1.35‬‬ ‫‪30.4‬‬ ‫‪34.4‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1.60‬‬ ‫‪38.0‬‬ ‫‪41.7‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1.76‬‬ ‫‪40.8‬‬ ‫‪44.8‬‬
‫‪1 1/8‬‬ ‫‪2.03‬‬ ‫‪48.5‬‬ ‫‪53.0‬‬ ‫‪1 1/8‬‬ ‫‪2.23‬‬ ‫‪52.1‬‬ ‫‪57.0‬‬
‫‪1 1/4‬‬ ‫‪2.50‬‬ ‫‪60.0‬‬ ‫‪65.0‬‬ ‫‪1 1/4‬‬ ‫‪2.75‬‬ ‫‪64.5‬‬ ‫‪70.4‬‬
‫‪1 3/8‬‬ ‫‪3.03‬‬ ‫‪73.5‬‬ ‫‪81.0‬‬ ‫‪1 3/8‬‬ ‫‪3.33‬‬ ‫‪79.0‬‬ ‫‪87.1‬‬
‫½‪1‬‬ ‫‪3.60‬‬ ‫‪88.5‬‬ ‫‪96.0‬‬ ‫½‪1‬‬ ‫‪3.96‬‬ ‫‪95.1‬‬ ‫‪103.0‬‬
‫‪1 5/8‬‬ ‫‪4.23‬‬ ‫‪103.0‬‬ ‫‪113.0‬‬ ‫‪1 5/8‬‬ ‫‪4.65‬‬ ‫‪111.0‬‬ ‫‪122.0‬‬
‫‪1 3/4‬‬ ‫‪4.90‬‬ ‫‪119.0‬‬ ‫‪130.0‬‬ ‫‪1 3/4‬‬ ‫‪5.39‬‬ ‫‪128.0‬‬ ‫‪140.0‬‬
‫‪1 7/8‬‬ ‫‪5.63‬‬ ‫‪138.0‬‬ ‫‪152.0‬‬ ‫‪1 7/8‬‬ ‫‪6.19‬‬ ‫‪148.0‬‬ ‫‪163.0‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪6.40‬‬ ‫‪154.0‬‬ ‫‪169.0‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪7.04‬‬ ‫‪166.0‬‬ ‫‪182.0‬‬
‫‪2 1/4‬‬ ‫‪8.10‬‬ ‫‪193.0‬‬ ‫‪210.0‬‬ ‫‪2 1/4‬‬ ‫‪8.91‬‬ ‫‪208.0‬‬ ‫‪226.0‬‬
‫½‪2‬‬ ‫‪10.00‬‬ ‫‪235.0‬‬ ‫‪260.0‬‬ ‫½‪2‬‬ ‫‪11.00‬‬ ‫‪253.0‬‬ ‫‪280.0‬‬
‫‪2 3/4‬‬ ‫‪12.10‬‬ ‫‪280.0‬‬ ‫‪305.0‬‬ ‫‪2 3/4‬‬ ‫‪13.30‬‬ ‫‪301.0‬‬ ‫‪328.0‬‬
‫‪# 62‬‬
6*37 ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻴﻢ ﺑﻜﺴﻞ ﻫﺎي‬
6 X 37 (FC) 6 X 37 (IWRC)
B r e a k in g s tr e n g th B r e a k in g s tr e n g th
Rope in to n s o f 2 ,0 0 0 lb Rope in to n s o f 2 ,0 0 0 lb
W e ig h t W e ig h t
d ia m e te r d ia m e te r
( lb p e r ft) Im p r o v e d ( lb p e r ft) Im p ro v e d
( in .) P lo w s te e l ( in .) P lo w s t e e l
p lo w s te e l p lo w s te e l
1 /4 0 .1 0 2 .2 2 .5 1 /4 0 .1 1 2 .4 2 .7
5 /1 6 0 .1 6 3 .8 4 .0 5 /1 6 0 .1 8 4 .1 4 .3
3 /8 0 .2 2 5 .0 5 .5 3 /8 0 .2 4 5 .4 5 .9
7 /1 6 0 .3 0 6 .9 7 .5 7 /1 6 0 .3 3 7 .4 8 .1
½ 0 .3 9 9 .2 1 0 .0 ½ 0 .4 3 9 .9 1 0 .8
9 /1 6 0 .4 9 1 1 .4 1 2 .5 9 /1 6 0 .5 4 1 2 .3 1 3 .4
5 /8 0 .6 1 1 4 .5 1 6 .0 5 /8 0 .6 7 1 5 .6 1 7 .2
3 /4 0 .8 7 2 0 .2 2 2 .2 3 /4 0 .9 6 2 1 .7 2 3 .9
7 /8 1 .1 9 2 7 .5 3 0 .2 7 /8 1 .3 0 2 9 .6 3 2 .5
1 1 .5 5 3 6 .0 3 9 .5 1 1 .7 1 3 8 .7 4 2 .5
1 1 /8 1 .9 6 4 4 .0 4 9 .0 1 1 /8 2 .1 6 4 7 .3 5 2 .7
1 1 /4 2 .4 2 5 5 .0 6 1 .0 1 1 /4 2 .6 6 5 9 .1 6 5 .6
1 3 /8 2 .9 3 6 8 .5 7 4 .5 1 3 /8 3 .2 2 7 3 .6 8 0 .1
1 ½ 3 .4 9 8 2 .0 9 0 .0 1 ½ 3 .8 4 8 8 .1 9 6 .7
1 5 /8 4 .0 9 9 6 .5 1 0 5 .5 1 5 /8 4 .5 0 1 0 4 .0 1 1 3 .0
1 3 /4 4 .7 5 1 1 0 .0 1 2 1 .0 1 3 /4 5 .2 3 1 1 8 .0 1 3 0 .0
1 7 /8 5 .4 5 1 2 9 .0 1 4 2 .0 1 7 /8 6 .0 0 1 3 9 .0 1 5 3 .0
2 6 .2 0 1 4 2 .0 1 5 5 .0 2 6 .8 2 1 5 3 .0 1 6 7 .0
2 1 /4 7 .8 5 1 8 2 .0 2 0 1 .0 2 1 /4 8 .6 4 1 9 6 .0 2 1 6 .0
2 ½ 9 .6 9 2 2 5 .0 2 4 5 .0 2 ½ 1 0 .6 6 2 4 2 .0 2 6 3 .0
2 3 /4 1 1 .7 2 2 6 9 .0 2 9 3 .0 2 3 /4 1 2 .8 9 2 8 9 .0 3 1 5 .0
3 1 3 .9 5 3 2 3 .0 3 5 3 .0 3 1 5 .3 5 3 4 7 .0 3 7 9 .0
# 63
Diameter measurement
# 64
‫‪# 65‬‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮه ﺻﺤﻴﺢ اﻧﺪازه ﮔﻴﺮي ﻗﻄﺮ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺑﻜﺴﻞ‬
‫ﺳﻴﻢ ﺑﻜﺴﻞ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﻛﻤﻲ ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ از‬

‫ﺳﺎﻳﺰ ﻧﺎﻣﻲ ﺧﻮد ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺟﺪول زﻳﺮ ﺗﻠﺮاﻧﺲ اﻧﺪازه ﺳﻴﻢ ﺑﻜﺴﻞ‬
‫ﻫﺎ را ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ‬
‫‪# 66‬‬
‫‪Broken Wire‬‬
‫‪# 67‬‬
‫‪Broken Wire‬‬
‫‪# 68‬‬
‫‪Wire rope criteria‬‬
‫‪# 69‬‬
‫‪Maximum allowable broken wire‬‬
‫‪# 70‬‬
‫‪External wear‬‬
‫‪# 71‬‬
‫‪External wear‬‬
‫‪# 72‬‬
‫‪# 73‬‬
‫‪External corrosion‬‬
‫‪# 74‬‬
‫‪# 75‬‬
‫‪# 76‬‬
‫‪Internal Wear‬‬
‫‪# 77‬‬
‫‪Internal Wear‬‬
‫‪# 78‬‬
‫‪Birdcage‬‬
‫‪# 79‬‬
‫‪Strand Protrusion‬‬
‫‪# 80‬‬
‫‪Strand Protrusion‬‬
‫‪# 81‬‬
‫‪Core Protrusion‬‬
‫‪# 82‬‬
‫‪Core Protrusion‬‬
‫‪# 83‬‬
‫‪Wire Protrusion‬‬
‫‪# 84‬‬
‫‪Local increase in dia due to core protrusion‬‬
‫‪# 85‬‬
‫‪# 86‬‬
‫‪# 87‬‬
‫‪Local reduction in wire diameter‬‬
‫‪# 88‬‬
‫‪kink‬‬
‫‪# 89‬‬
‫‪kink‬‬
‫‪# 90‬‬
‫‪kink‬‬
‫‪# 91‬‬
‫‪kink‬‬
‫‪# 92‬‬
‫‪kink‬‬
‫‪# 93‬‬
‫‪Flattened Portion‬‬
‫‪# 94‬‬
‫‪Flattened Portion‬‬
‫‪# 95‬‬
‫‪Wire rope Inspection‬‬
‫‪# 96‬‬
‫اﺗﺼﺎﻻت اﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺑﻜﺴﻞ ﻫﺎ‬
‫‪1- wedge & socket‬‬
‫‪2- pressed sleeve loop back thimble‬‬

‫‪attachment‬‬
‫‪3- flemish loop and sleeve‬‬
‫)‪4-swaged socket ( open /closed‬‬
‫‪5- clip / fist grip clips‬‬
‫‪6- hand splice‬‬
‫‪# 97‬‬

‫‪wedge & socket‬‬
‫ﻛﺎراﯾﻲ اﯾﻦ ﻧﻮع اﺗﺼﺎل ‪ %75‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫‪# 98‬‬

‫روش ﺻﺤﻴﺢ اﺗﺼﺎل‬

‫اﻧﺘﻬﺎي آزاد ﺳﻴﻢ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ‪ 6‬ﺗﺎ‬
‫‪ 9‬اﻳﻨﭻ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪# 99‬‬
‫‪# 100‬‬
‫‪# 101‬‬
‫‪# 102‬‬

‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ روش اﺗﺼﺎل‬

‫ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻫﺎي درﻳﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫‪API 2D recommendation‬‬
‫‪practice for Offshore crane‬‬
‫‪# 103‬‬

‫‪pressed sleeve loop back thimble attachment‬‬
‫‪# 104‬‬
‫‪flemish sleeve loop back thimble attachment‬‬
‫‪# 105‬‬

‫‪swaged spelter socket‬‬
‫ﻛﺎراﯾﻲ اﯾﻦ ﻧﻮع اﺗﺼﺎل ‪ %100‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫‪# 106‬‬

‫ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ آﻣﺎده ﺳﺎزي ﺳﻴﻢ ﺑﺮاي‬
‫‪swaged socket‬‬
‫‪# 107‬‬

‫‪clips‬‬
‫‪# 108‬‬

‫‪fist grip clips‬‬
‫‪# 109‬‬
‫‪# 110‬‬
‫‪# 111‬‬

‫‪clips‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻛﻠﯿﭗ ھﺎ واﻧﺪازه ﺳﺮ آزاد ﺳﯿﻢ‬
‫‪No of wire rope clip= (diameter of the rope * 3) + 1 to the next hole number‬‬
‫‪Example: 1 1/2 inch wire rope‬‬
‫‪(1 ½ *3) + 1= 5.5 6‬‬
‫‪spacing of wire rope clips = diameter of the rope x 6‬‬

‫‪Example: 1 ½ * 6 = 9 inch‬‬
‫‪# 112‬‬

‫ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﻧﺼﺐ ‪clips‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪# 113‬‬
‫‪Thimble splice / loop splice hand tucked‬‬
‫‪# 114‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ ﻣﻴﺰان ﺑﺎر ﻣﺠﺎز‬
‫‪o SWL=Breaking strength / factor of safety‬‬

‫‪---------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫‪o SWL (in ton)= diameter square * 8‬‬
‫‪o Example: SWL of ½ “ wire rope‬‬
‫‪( ½ * ½ )* 8 = 2 ton‬‬
‫اﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﻴﺮي ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ‪ 40‬ﺗﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻴﻢ ﺑﻜﺴﻠﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮي ﻣﻌﺎدل ‪ 1‬اﻳﻨﭻ و‬
‫ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮراﻳﻤﻨﻲ ‪ 5‬ﺑﻪ ‪ 1‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪# 115‬‬
‫‪Wire rope Inspection‬‬
‫‪11‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫‪# 116‬‬
‫‪Termination ,Using clips‬‬
‫‪# 117‬‬
‫‪Wedge and socket‬‬
‫‪# 118‬‬
‫‪Wedge & socket -thimble‬‬
‫‪# 119‬‬
‫‪Wire rope defect‬‬
‫‪# 120‬‬
‫‪Damage end fitting‬‬
‫‪# 121‬‬
‫‪# 122‬‬
‫‪# 123‬‬
‫‪# 124‬‬
‫‪# 125‬‬
‫‪# 126‬‬
‫‪Drum capacity‬‬
‫‪# 127‬‬
‫‪Proper position of rope on drum‬‬
‫‪# 128‬‬
‫‪Wire rope &sheave matching‬‬
‫‪# 129‬‬
‫‪Fleet angle‬‬
‫‪# 130‬‬
‫‪Sheave groove and sheave gage‬‬
‫‪# 131‬‬
‫‪Chain‬‬
‫‪# 132‬‬
‫‪Chain defects‬‬
‫‪# 133‬‬
‫‪Chain defects‬‬
‫‪# 134‬‬
Chain sling inspection summary
1) Sizes of chain, rings and hooks for loads required

2) Stretch due to wear and loading, variation in the lengths
of the legs, (Compare with past records)
3) Hooks for opening and distortion (see also B)
4) Rings and links for distortion or roundness
5) Chain for bent and twisted links. The links should
articulate freely
6) All parts for wear, (8% reduction in diameter), corrosion,
nicks and chemical attack
7) Cracks, weld faults and marks in weld areas
# 135
Eye bolt BS 4278
# 136
‫‪Eye bolt‬‬
‫‪# 137‬‬
‫‪# 138‬‬
‫‪# 139‬‬
‫‪Eye bolt orientation‬‬
‫‪# 140‬‬
Eye bolt
# 141
Eye bolt inspection point summary

Eyebolts
Should be examined and checked for:
Size for loads to be carried
Thread for completeness, wear and alignment
Alignment of shank and eye
Cracks in shank and eye
Wear in eye and link etc. ie 8% reduction in diameter
Corrosion and chemical attack
# 142
Typical hook block
# 143
Hook inspection point summary
Hooks
Alignment
Wear in eye, saddle etc, ie 8% reduction in thickness
Cracks, nicks, scores and gall marks in the body of the
hook
Shank for alignment, swivel for free running, soundness
and completeness of thread etc
# 144
‫‪Hook acceptance criteria‬‬
‫‪# 145‬‬
‫‪Reeving_effect of sheave friction‬‬
‫‪# 146‬‬
‫‪Reeving‬‬
‫‪# 147‬‬
‫‪Reeving‬‬
‫‪# 148‬‬
‫‪Reeving-2 sheaves -2,3,4 fall line‬‬
‫‪# 149‬‬
‫‪Reeving-3 sheaves-2,3,4 fall line‬‬
‫‪# 150‬‬
‫‪Reeving and rope tension‬‬
‫‪# 151‬‬
‫‪Effect of sling angle on sling load‬‬
‫‪# 152‬‬
‫‪Shackle type‬‬
‫‪# 153‬‬
‫‪Shackle Inspection area‬‬
‫‪# 154‬‬
Shackle inspection point summary
Shackles
Size for loads to be lifted
Correct pin fitted. Free working of pin
Wear of the pin thread
Alignment of holes in shackle
Wear in pin and bow (as per steel chain, ie 8% reduction
in diameter)
All parts for nicks, cracks, corrosion and chemical attack
# 155
Shackle use
# 156
‫‪Spread beam and equalizer‬‬
‫‪# 157‬‬
‫‪Spread beam and equalizer‬‬
‫‪# 158‬‬
‫ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭘﻠﻲ اﺳﺘﺮي‬
# 159

1-Endless or Grommet Sling—Both ends of one piece of webbing are lapped and
sewn to form a continuous piece. They can be used as vertical hitches, bridle hitches,
in choker arrangements, or as basket slings. Because load contact points can be
shifted with every lift, wear is evenly distributed and sling life is extended.
2-Standard Eye and Eye—Webbing is assembled and sewn to form a flat-body

sling with an eye at each end and the eye openings in the same plane as the sling
body. The eyes may either be full web width or may be tapered by being folded and
sewn to a width narrower than the webbing width.
3-Twisted Eye—An eye-and-eye type that has twisted terminations at both ends.
The eye openings are at 90 degrees to the plane of the sling body. This configuration
is also available with either full-width or tapered eyes. .
4-In place of the sewn eyes, synthetic-web slings are also available with metal
end fittings The most common are triangle and choker hardware. Combination
hardware consists of a triangle for one end of the sling and a triangle/rectangle
choker attachment for the other end. With this arrangement, both choker and basket
hitches, as well as straight hitches, may be rigged. They help reduce wear in the
sling eyes and thus lengthen sling life.
# 160

‫‪working loads limit‬‬
‫‪# 161‬‬
‫‪# 162‬‬
‫ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭘﻠﻲ اﺳﺘﺮي )ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻫﺎ (‬
‫‪# 163‬‬

‫)ﻣﻌﻴﺎرﻫﺎي رد (‬
‫‪# 164‬‬
(chain)‫اﻧﻮاع زﻧﺠﻴﺮ‬
Attachments: Hooks, rings, oblong links, pear shaped links, welded or

mechanical coupling links and other attachments shall have a rated capacity at
least equal to that of the alloy steel chain with which they are used or the sling
shall not be used in excess of the rated capacity of the weakest component.
The design factor for steel-chain slings shall be a minimum of 4:1 based upon
breaking strength.
# 165
Size in inches Size in inches
60 ° 45 ° 30 °
Single Leg
Two Legs Two Legs Two Legs
9/32 3,500 6,100 4,900 3,500 9/32
3/8 7,100 12,300 10,000 7,100 3/8
½ 12,000 20,800 17,000 12,000 ½
5/8 18,100 31,300 25,600 18,100 5/8
3/4 28,300 49,000 40,000 28,300 3/4
7/8 34,200 59,200 48,400 34,200 7/8
1 47,700 82,600 67,400 47,700 1
1 1/4 72,300 125,200 102,200 72,500 1 1/4
Other grades of proof tested steel chain include Proof Coil (Grade 28),
Hi -Test (Grade 43) Chain and Transport (Grade70) Chain.
Thèse grades are not recommended for overhead lifting and therefore are not covered in the
applicable standards.
Rating of multileg slings adjusted for angle of loading between the inclined leg and the horizontal plane of
the load.
# 166
‫زﻧﺠﻴﺮ )‪(chain‬‬
‫‪# 167‬‬
‫ﻋﻴﻮب زﻧﺠﻴﺮ‬
‫‪# 168‬‬
‫)‪(chain inspection‬‬
‫‪# 169‬‬
‫‪Allowable wear in chain‬‬

‫‪Maximum‬‬
‫‪Chain size allowable wear‬‬
‫)‪(in.‬‬ ‫)‪(in.‬‬
‫‪1/4‬‬ ‫‪3/64‬‬
‫‪3/8‬‬ ‫‪5/64‬‬
‫‪1/2‬‬ ‫‪7/64‬‬
‫‪5/8‬‬ ‫‪9/64‬‬
‫‪3/4‬‬ ‫‪10/64‬‬
‫‪7/8‬‬ ‫‪11/64‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪12/64‬‬
‫‪1-1/4‬‬ ‫‪16/64‬‬
‫‪NOTE: For other sizes, consult chain or sling manufacturer.‬‬
‫‪# 170‬‬
Chain Inspection
1) Sizes of chain, rings and hooks for loads required
2) Stretch due to wear and loading, variation in the lengths of
the legs, (Compare with past records)
3) Hooks for opening and distortion
4) Rings and links for distortion or roundness
5) Chain for bent and twisted links. The links should articulate
freely
6) All parts for wear, (8% reduction in diameter), corrosion,
nicks and chemical attack
7) Cracks, weld faults and marks in weld areas
# 171
Shackle (SWL , Good & Bad practice)
# 172
Shackle (side loading)
# 173
Shackle inspection
Shackles
Size for loads to be lifted
Correct pin fitted. Free working of pin
Wear of the pin thread
Alignment of holes in shackle
Wear in pin and bow (as per steel chain, ie 8% reduction in diameter)
All parts for nicks, cracks, corrosion and chemical attack
# 174
‫‪Eyebolts.‬‬
‫‪Eyebolts shall have a minimum design factor of 5:1.‬‬
‫‪# 175‬‬
‫‪Eyebolts.‬‬
‫‪# 176‬‬
Eye bolt good & bad

practice
# 177
Eye bolt inspection

Size for loads to be carried
Thread for completeness, wear and alignment
Alignment of shank and eye
Cracks in shank and eye
Wear in eye and link etc. ie 8% reduction in diameter
# 178
‫‪Hook‬‬
‫‪# 179‬‬
‫‪Hook good & bad practice‬‬
‫‪# 180‬‬
Hook
# 181
Hook
The capacity can be found by the diameter of the hole

in the eye of the hook. If the throat opening of any
hook exceeds the dimension of the nominal corresponding
diameter of the eye, the hook has been over strained and
must not be used.
# 182
Hook
# 183
sheave
• Sheave pitch diameter (D) to
nominal wire rope diameter
(d) ratio shall not be less
than 18
• Sheave groove contour shall
be smooth and free from
defects injurious to the wire
rope
# 184
‫‪sheave‬‬
‫•‬ ‫‪Sheave groove radius for wire rope support shall be sized for the specified wire rope‬‬
‫‪diameter in accordance with the following table‬‬
‫‪# 185‬‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت و ﻛﺎر ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ‬
‫‪ o‬ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﺻﻼﺣﻴﺖ اﭘﺮاﺗﻮرﻫﺎي ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ‬
‫‪# 186‬‬
‫ﻧﻔﺮات ﻣﺠﺎز ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻧﻔﺮات زﻳﺮ ﻣﺠﺎز ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪ o‬ﻧﻔﺮات ﻃﺮاح‬
‫‪ o‬ﻛﺎرآﻣﻮز زﻳﺮ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﻔﺮ ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﺻﻼﺣﻴﺖ ﺷﺪه‬
‫‪ o‬ﻧﻔﺮات ﺗﺴﺖ و ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮات‬
‫‪ o‬ﺑﺎزرﺳﺎن‬
‫‪# 187‬‬
‫ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﺻﻼﺣﻴﺖ اﭘﺮاﺗﻮرﻫﺎي ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﺻﻼﺣﻴﺖ اﭘﺮاﺗﻮرﻫﺎ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪o‬‬

‫اﭘﺮاﺗﻮرﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ و آزﻣﻮﻧﻬﺎي ﻛﺘﺒﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺷﻔﺎﻫﻲ و ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫آزﻣﻮن ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﺻﻼﺣﻴﺖ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺮاي ﻫﻤﺎن ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰ‬
‫ﺧﺎص ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﺷﻮد‪ .‬ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺑﻴﻨﺎﻳﻲ ‪ 20/30‬اﺳﻨﻞ ﻳﻚ ﭼﺸﻢ و ﭼﺸﻢ دﻳﮕﺮ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ‪20/50‬‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫اﺳﻨﻞ‬
‫ﻋﺪم ﻛﻮر رﻧﮕﻲ‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫ﺷﻨﻮاﻳﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺪﻧﻲ ‪ ،‬اﻧﻌﻄﺎف‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ واﻛﻨﺶ‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫ﻋﺪم ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻟﻴﺖ ﺟﺴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫‪# 188‬‬
‫ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﺻﻼﺣﻴﺖ اﭘﺮاﺗﻮر ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻫﺎي رﻳﻤﻮﺗﻲ‬
‫‪ o‬ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﻨﺪرج در اﺳﻼﻳﺪ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎﻧﻪ در ‪6‬‬

‫ﻣﺎه اول ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ اﭘﺮاﺗﻮر ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻫﺎي رﻳﻤﻮت دار‪ ،‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﮔﺮدد‪.‬‬
‫‪# 189‬‬
‫ﻣﻬﺎرﺗﻬﺎي ﻻزم ﺑﺮاي اﭘﺮاﺗﻮر‬
‫ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ اﭘﺮاﺗﻮر ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺑﺎرﺑﺮداري و ﻋﺪم ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي دﻳﮕﺮ‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫آﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ و ﺗﺴﻠﻂ اﭘﺮاﺗﻮر ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼﻳﻢ ﺑﺎرﺑﺮداري و ﭘﺎﺳﺨﮕﻮﻳﻲ ﺑﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫ﻧﻔﺮ ﻋﻼﻳﻢ دﻫﻨﺪه‬
‫در ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺎز ﻧﻔﺮ رﻳﮕﺮ و ﻋﻼﻣﺖ دﻫﻨﺪه ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﻮﻟﻴﺖ ﺑﺎر ﺑﺮ ﻋﻬﺪه‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫اﭘﺮاﺗﻮر اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻄﻴﻊ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ دﺳﺘﻮر ‪ stop‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮاه از ﻫﺮ ﻛﺴﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫درﺻﻮرت وﺟﻮد ﻣﻮارد ﻧﺎ اﻳﻤﻦ ﭘﺲ از ﻣﺸﻮرت ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻇﺮ اﻗﺪام ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎرﺑﺮداري‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎم روﺷﻦ ﻧﻤﻮدن دﺳﺘﮕﺎه و ﻳﺎ ﻋﺒﻮر ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ از ﻣﺠﺎورت ﭘﺮﺳﻨﻞ‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻫﺸﺪار دﻫﻨﺪه را ﻓﻌﺎل ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪# 190‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﺗﺮك ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎ و ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻣﻌﻠﻖ را ﺑﺮ روي‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫زﻣﻴﻦ ﻗﺮار دﻫﺪ و ﺳﻮﻳﭻ اﺻﻠﻲ را ‪ off‬ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﭘﺲ از ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻦ ﺷﺪن از ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد ﻧﻔﺮات در ﻣﺠﺎورت‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ و اﺗﻤﺎم ﻛﺎر ‪ ،‬اﻗﺪام ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻣﻮش ﻧﻤﻮدن ﺳﻮﻳﭻ اﺻﻠﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ از ﺧﺎﻣﻮش ﻧﻤﻮدن ﺳﻮﻳﭻ اﺻﻠﻲ از ‪ off‬ﺑﻮدن ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻟﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫در ﺻﻮرت ﻗﻄﻊ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ‪ ،‬اﭘﺮاﺗﻮر ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ‪ off‬ﻧﻤﻮدن‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻟﺮﻫﺎ اﻗﺪام ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪# 191‬‬
‫اﭘﺮاﺗﻮر ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ آﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰ و ﻧﺤﻮه ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري از ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰ‬ ‫‪o‬‬

‫را داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و در ﺻﻮرت ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه‬
‫ﻋﻴﻮب‪ ،‬آن را ﮔﺰارش ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺧﻮد ﺑﺎ ‪ runway‬و ﺗﺪاﺧﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻫﺎي دﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺻﻮرت ﭘﺬﻳﺮد‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﺲ از ﺗﺮك ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻠﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﺧﺎرج از ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻛﺎرﮔﺎه ﻗﺮار دارﻧﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻔﻞ ﻧﻤﻮدن درب ﻛﺎﺑﻴﻦ اﻗﺪام ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫در زﻣﺎن وزش ﺑﺎد ﺷﺪﻳﺪ و آﻻرم ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺎد ﺳﻨﺞ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻧﻤﻮدن ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺑﺎرﺑﺮداري اﻗﺪام ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪# 192‬‬
‫در ﺻﻮرت اﻧﺠﺎم ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮات ﺟﺰﻳﻲ ﺑﺮ روي ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫ﻗﻔﻞ ﻧﻤﻮدن ﺳﻮﻳﭻ اﺻﻠﻲ و ‪ Tag‬زدن ﺑﺮ روي آن اﻗﺪام ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫در ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻣﮕﻨﺖ ﺣﻤﺎل ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬و ﺳﻮﻳﭻ اﺻﻠﻲ ‪off‬‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ‪ lock‬ﻧﻤﻮدن و ‪ tag‬زدن آن اﻗﺪام ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫در اﺑﺘﺪاي ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻫﺮ ﺷﻴﻔﺖ ﻛﺎري ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻟﺮﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ اﭘﺮاﺗﻮر‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫ﺗﺴﺖ ﮔﺮدد و ﺧﺮاﺑﻲ ﻫﺎي اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﺮﻃﺮف ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﻮﻃﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺠﺎز ورود ﻧﻔﺮات در زﻳﺮ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻠﻬﺎي ﺳﻘﻔﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫ﮔﺮدد‪.‬‬
‫در ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﻪ دو ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮي ‪hoisting‬‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬از ﻫﺮ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻣﺠﺎز ﺧﻮد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫‪# 193‬‬
‫آﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻼﻳﻢ ﺑﺎرﺑﺮداري‬
‫‪# 194‬‬
‫‪# 195‬‬
‫‪# 196‬‬
‫ﺑﺎرﺑﺮداري‬
‫‪Handling The load‬‬
‫‪ o‬ﻣﻴﺰان ﺑﺎر‬
‫‪ o‬ﻣﻴﺰان ﺑﺎر ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ از ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ اﺳﻤﻲ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﺗﺠﺎوز ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫‪ o‬ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﺰان ﺑﺎر ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ دو ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪ hoisting‬از ﻣﻴﺰان‬
‫ﺗﻨﺎژ اﺳﻤﻲ ﺗﺠﺎوز ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪# 197‬‬
‫ﺑﺎرﺑﺮداري ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰي ﺷﺪه ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬
‫‪ o‬اﻳﻦ ﺑﺎرﺑﺮداري ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻠﻬﺎي ﺑﺎ ﺗﻨﺎژ اﺳﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از ‪ 5‬ﺗﻦ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺻﻮرت ﭘﺬﻳﺮد‪.‬‬
‫‪ o‬ﻣﻴﺰان ﺑﺎر از ‪ %125‬ﺗﻨﺎژ اﺳﻤﻲ ﺗﺠﺎوز ﻧﻨﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﮕﺮ اﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻣﺸﻮرت ﮔﺮدد‪.‬‬
‫‪ o‬ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﻌﺪاد اﻳﻦ ﺑﺎرﺑﺮداري ﻫﺎ از ‪ 2‬ﺑﺎر در ﺳﺎل ﺗﺠﺎوز ﻧﻨﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻣﮕﺮ اﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه ﻣﺸﻮرت ﮔﺮدد‪.‬‬
‫‪# 198‬‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ از ﺑﺎرﺑﺮداري ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰي ﺷﺪه ﻧﻴﺰ رﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻮارد زﻳﺮ اﻟﺰاﻣﻲ اﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫‪ o‬ﺳﻮاﺑﻖ ﻛﺘﺒﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎرﺑﺮداري ﻫﺎي ﻗﺒﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮات ﺳﺎزه و ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات‬
‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﮔﺮدد‪.‬‬
‫‪ o‬ﻣﻮارد ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ اﺟﺰا ﺷﺎﻣﻞ اﺟﺰاي ﺳﺎزه اي ‪ ،‬ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ‪ ،‬اﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ‬
‫و ﻧﻴﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎرﺑﺮداري ﻣﺬﻛﻮر ﻣﻮرد ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‪.‬‬
‫‪ o‬ﺳﺎﭘﻮرﺗﻬﺎي ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ و ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺳﺎزه اي ﻣﻮر ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‪.‬‬
‫‪ o‬ﻗﺒﻞ از ﺑﺎرﺑﺮداري ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‪.‬‬
‫‪# 199‬‬
‫ﻧﺼﺐ ﻋﻼﻳﻢ ﻫﺸﺪار دﻫﻨﺪه در ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﺑﺎرﺑﺮداري‬ ‫‪o‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﺑﺎرﺑﺮداري ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻛﻮﺗﺎه از ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﺷﺪن ﺑﺎر‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﻣﺰﻫﺎي‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺳﻂ اﭘﺮاﺗﻮر ﺗﺴﺖ ﮔﺮدد و ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﭘﺲ از ‪ stop‬و‬
‫درﺳﺖ ﺑﻮدن ﺗﺮﻣﺰﻫﺎ ﺑﺎرﺑﺮداري ﺻﻮرت ﭘﺬﻳﺮد‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﺲ از اﺗﻤﺎم ﺑﺎرﺑﺮداري ﻧﻴﺰ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‪.‬‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫ﮔﺰارش ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ و ﺗﺴﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﮔﺮدد‪.‬‬
‫‪# 200‬‬
‫اﺗﺼﺎل ﺑﺎر‬
‫‪ o‬واﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮي ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﻋﻴﻮب ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل ﺑﻮده و ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ دور ﺑﺎر‬
‫ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪه ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫‪ o‬ﺑﺎر ﺑﻪ وﺳﻠﻴﻪ ‪ sling‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻮك داراي ﺿﺎﻣﻦ اﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫‪ o‬ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ‪ sling‬ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻴﺰ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﻋﻴﻮب غ ق ق ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪# 201‬‬
‫ﻧﻜﺎت ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎر‬

‫ﻗﺒﻞ از ﺑﺎرﺑﺮداري‬
‫‪ o‬ﺑﺎر‪ sling ،‬و ﻳﺎ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺑﺎرﺑﺮداري دﻗﻴﻘـﺎ در دﻫﺎﻧـﻪ ﻫـﻮك ﻗـﺮار‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ o‬ﭘﺲ از اﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎر در دﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﻮك ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ و ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﭘـﺲ از ﭼﻨـﺪ‬
‫اﻳﻨﭻ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﻧﻤﻮدن ﺑﺎر ‪:‬‬
‫‪ o‬واﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮي ﻧﭙﻴﭽﻴﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪( kink ) .‬‬
‫‪ o‬واﻳﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ دور ﻫﻢ ﻧﭙﻴﭽﻴﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
‫‪ o‬ﻃﻨﺎب ﺑﻨﺪي ﺻﺤﻴﺢ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ o‬واﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ درﺳﺘﻲ در ﺷﻴﺎرﻫﺎي درام و ﻗﺮﻗﺮه ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪# 202‬‬

‫ﺣﻴﻦ ﺑﺎرﺑﺮداري‬
‫‪ o‬از ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺷﺘﺎب ﻟﺤﻈﻪ اي و ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﭘﺮﻫﻴﺰ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫‪ o‬ﺑﺎر ﺑﺎ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻣﺎﻧﻌﻲ ﺗﺪاﺧﻞ ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ o‬از ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺑﺮاي ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﻛﺸﻴﺪن ‪ Pulling‬اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬
‫ﻧﺸﻮد‪ .‬ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺮاي ‪ lifting‬اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ‬
‫اﺳﻼﻳﺪ ﺑﻌﺪي ﻣﺠﺎز ﺑﻪ ‪ pulling‬ﺧﻮاﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻮد‪.‬‬
‫‪# 203‬‬
‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ در ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ‪pulling‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻛﻠﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ‪ pulling‬در ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻤﻨﻮع اﺳﺖ و ﺗﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ زﻳﺮ و ﺑﺎ ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪس ﻧﺎﻇﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﻧﺠﺎم اﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫ﻫﻴﭻ ﻋﻀﻮي از ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺑﻴﺶ از ﺣﺪ ﻗﺮار ﻧﮕﻴﺮد‪.‬‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫واﻳﺮ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺑﺎ دﻳﮕﺮ اﺟﺰا در ﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﻗﺮار ﻧﮕﻴﺮد‪.‬‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫ﻛﺸﻴﺪن ﺑﺎر ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ در رﻓﺘﻦ واﻳﺮ از ﻗﺮﻗﺮه و ﺷﻴﺎرﻫﺎي درام‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫ﻧﮕﺮدد‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﺸﻴﺪن ﺑﺎر ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ آﺳﻴﺐ ﺑﻪ دﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﻮك ﻧﮕﺮدد‪.‬‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫‪# 204‬‬

‫در زﻣﺎن ﻛﻪ رﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺮ روي ﺑﺎر اﺳﺖ ﻳﺎ در ﺣﺎل اﺗﺼﺎل ﺑﺎر ﺑﺮ روي‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫ﻫﻮك اﺳﺖ‪ ،‬از ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎر ﭘﺮﻫﻴﺰ ﻧﻤﻮد‪.‬‬
‫از ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎر در ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺮ اﻓﺮاد ﭘﺮﻫﻴﺰ ﮔﺮدد‪.‬‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫در ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻤﺎﻟﻪ آﻫﻨﺮﺑﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺖ‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫ﻻزم در زﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺳﻘﻮط اﺷﻴﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫در ﻫﺮ ﺷﻴﻔﺖ ﻛﺎري ﺗﺮﻣﺰﻫﺎي ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ اﭘﺮاﺗﻮر ﭼﻚ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫اﻳﻦ اﻣﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎرﺑﺮداري ﺗﺎ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﭼﻨﺪ اﻳﻨﭽﻲ و ﭼﻚ ﻧﻤﻮدن ﺗﺮﻣﺰﻫﺎ‬
‫اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫‪# 205‬‬

‫‪ o‬ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻃﻮل ﺑﺎرﺑﺮداري ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ‪ 2‬دور‬
‫واﻳﺮ ﺑﺮ روي درام ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺑﻤﺎﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﮕﺮ اﻳﻨﻜﻪ آﻻرم ﻛﺎﻫﺶ دور واﻳﺮ‬
‫ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﺑﺎز ﻫﻢ در ﻫﻴﭻ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از ‪ 1‬دور واﻳﺮ ﺑﺮ‬
‫روي دارم ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ o‬در ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ دو ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺣﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎرﺑﺮداري‬
‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻣﺴﻴﻮل ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺑﺎرﺑﺮداري‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ o‬اﭘﺮاﺗﻮر ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ در زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎر ﺑﺮ روي ﺳﺮ اﻓﺮاد ﻣﻌﻠﻖ اﺳﺖ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻟﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ را رﻫﺎ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪# 206‬‬

‫ﻟﻴﻤﻴﺖ ﺳﻮﻳﻴﭻ‬
‫‪Hoisiting-limit‬ﻗﻄﻊ ﻛﻦ ﺣﺪ‬
‫‪switch‬اﭘﺮاﺗﻮر ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺳﻮﻳﭻ‬
‫‪ o‬اﺑﺘﺪاي ﻫﺮ ﺷﻴﻔﺖ ﻛﺎري‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ را در ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺪون ﺑﺎر ﺗﺴﺖ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬در ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﻪ ‪ 2‬ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻟﻴﻤﻴﺖ ﺳﻮﻳﭻ ﺣﺪ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﻴﻤﻴﺖ‬
‫ﺳﻮﻳﭻ اوﻟﻴﻪ ﺗﺴﺖ ﮔﺮدد‪.‬‬
‫‪ o‬ﻣﻬﻢ ‪ :‬از ﻟﻴﻤﻴﺖ ﺳﻮﻳﭻ ﻫﺎي ﺣﺪ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻳﻚ اﺑﺰار‬
‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻟﻲ در ﺑﺎرﺑﺮداري اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫‪# 207‬‬

‫ﻋﻼﻳﻢ‬
‫اﻟﻒ – ﻋﻼﻳﻢ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‪ :‬ﻋﻼﻳﻢ ﻣﺸﺘﺮك در اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎ ﺑﻮده و ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت‬
‫راﻳﺞ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ و ‪:‬‬
‫‪ o‬از ﻋﻼﻳﻢ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد و ﻳﺎ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻣﺨﺎﺑﺮاﺗﻲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫‪ o‬ﻋﻼﻳﻢ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﻲ و ﻳﺎ ﺷﻨﻴﺪاري ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ o‬ﻋﻼﻳﻢ دﺳﺖ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد و ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ اﺳﻼﻳﺪﻫﺎي ﻗﺒﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ب‪ -‬ﻋﻼﻳﻢ ﺧﺎص‬
‫‪ o‬ﻋﻼﻳﻢ ﺧﺎص ﻋﻼﺋﻮه ﺑﺮ ﻋﻼﻳﻢ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد و ﻳﺎ ﺗﻮﺿﺤﻴﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر‬
‫ﻣﻲ روﻧﺪ و ﺑﻴﻦ اﭘﺮاﺗﻮر و رﻳﮕﺮ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮓ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد‪.‬‬
‫‪ o‬ﻋﻼﻳﻢ ﺧﺎص ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻼﻳﻢ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺗﺪاﺧﻞ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪# 208‬‬
‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت دﻳﮕﺮ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﺑﺎﻻرﻓﺘﻦ از ﻧﺮدﺑﺎن‪ ،‬دﺳﺘﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻣﻼ آزاد ﺑﻮده و ﺣﻤﻞ اﺷﻴﺎ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺿﺮوري ﭘﺮﻫﻴﺰ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫ﻟﺒﺎس و ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات اﭘﺮاﺗﻮرﻫﺎ ﺗﺪاﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎرﺑﺮداري اﻳﻤﻦ ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات رواﻧﻜﺎري‪ ،‬اﺑﺰارآﻻت و ‪ ..‬در ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺿﺪ ﺣﺮﻳﻖ ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫اﭘﺮاﺗﻮر آﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﻛﭙﺴﻮﻟﻬﺎي اﻃﻔﺎ ﺣﺮﻳﻖ را داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫‪# 209‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖ‬
‫‪Lock out/ Tag out‬‬
‫‪ o‬اﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﻜﺘﻮب ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ و ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه‬
‫ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ‪ ANSI Z244.1‬ﺗﻬﻴﻪ و اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ‬
‫ﮔﺮدد‪.‬‬
‫اﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻣﻮارد زﻳﺮ را ﻟﺤﺎظ ﻛﻨﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ o‬ﻛﺎرﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ روي ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫‪ o‬ﻛﺎرﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ وﻟﻲ در ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻳﻤﻦ‬
‫ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ دارد‪.‬‬
‫‪ o‬ﻋﻴﻮب ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ‬
‫‪# 210‬‬
Safe Working Load

All cranes should be marked with their Safe Working Load which
must never be exceeded except for test purposes. If there is any doubt
of the weight to be lifted, advice should be sought.
# 211
Crane Failure
# 212
Check that when travelling on sloping ground the driver

changes the radius to accommodate the moving of the
load OR !
# 213
Loads must be lifted vertically-the crane must not be used to

drag a load.
# 214
1) Over travel Switches

To prevent the hook or sheave block from being raised right up
to the cable drum, a robust limit switch should be fitted to the
crab or upper sheave block. Checks of this limit switch should
be included in routine inspections.
NO
# 215
YES!
NO!
# 216
‫‪Wire rope‬‬
‫‪Recognize damage‬‬
‫‪slings‬‬
‫‪Check before use‬‬
‫‪# 217‬‬
‫‪Chain and link checking‬‬
‫!‪Please, NO‬‬
‫‪# 218‬‬
Load Distribution
Only one cable of three is
taking the load
# 219
Safe operating techniques for Cranes

There are certain basic techniques that must be practiced to
ensure the safest possible operation of the Crane.
These techniques include:
# 220
Loads should NOT be left hanging on the hook at the end of a

shift.
Those working above floor level who are likely to be struck by
the crane or its load MUST BE WARNED.
# 221
Loads should not be carried over people.

Drop zone (length of JIB radius) PLUS (+) 10 meters MUST
be barriered and vacated of ALL personnel.
Barrier =
r + 10m
# 222
‫‪Ensure that the Banks man is working in the correct manner.‬‬
‫‪# 223‬‬
‫‪Ensure that the Banks man is working in the correct manner.‬‬
‫‪# 224‬‬
‫‪Ensure that the Banksman is‬‬

‫‪working in the correct manner.‬‬
‫‪# 225‬‬
‫‪Safety Requirements‬‬
‫‪# 226‬‬
‫‪Safety‬‬
‫‪Never stay under a load‬‬
‫‪# 227‬‬
‫‪BANKSMAN‬‬
‫‪Only one man to guide the‬‬

‫‪crane operator‬‬
‫‪# 228‬‬
‫‪# 229‬‬
‫‪# 230‬‬
‫‪# 231‬‬
‫‪# 232‬‬
‫‪# 233‬‬
‫‪# 234‬‬
‫‪# 235‬‬
‫‪# 236‬‬

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‫آﻛﺎدﻣﻲ ﺗﻮف اﻳﺮان ‪ -‬آﻟﻤﺎن‬

‫ﻣﻜﺎن ‪ :‬ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻓﻮﻻد ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن‬

‫ﻣﺪرس ‪ :‬اﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ ﺧﻴّﺮ‬

‫اﻧﻮاع ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ‬

‫اﻧﻮاع ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ‬

‫اﻧﻮاع ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ‬

‫)‪Overhead Travel Crane (OTC‬‬

‫اﻧﻮاع ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ‬

‫اﻧﻮاع ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ‬

‫اﻧﻮاع ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ‬

Fork lift / lift truck

Lifting equipment category

BEAM Runway Beam

HOOK Safety Hook or Latch Hook

‫‪Beam / run way /Spreader‬‬

‫‪Chain / Chain sling‬‬

‫‪Hook / Hook block /headache ball/‬‬

Swivel hook/ snach block/ duplex Hook/Anchor line hook

Lifting equipment category-Continue

‫‪Personal carrying basket‬‬

‫‪Cargo and manbasket‬‬

Lifting equipment category-Continue

SHACKLE Dee Screw Pin Shackl

‫‪Shackle / Bow & Dee‬‬

‫‪Sheave / sheave block‬‬

‫‪o Fork lift / lift truck‬‬

‫‪Wire rope ( Fiber & Steel Core) / bridle‬‬

‫‪Wire rope sling‬‬

Lifting equipment category-Continue

PADEYE & EYE BOLT

Polyester / fibre sling / webbing sling

‫‪Wire rope Eye‬‬

‫•‬ ‫‪Hand spliced‬‬

‫‪Wire rope Fitting‬‬

‫‪Eye bolt / pad eye‬‬

‫‪Lever‬‬ ‫‪PULL LIFT‬‬

‫‪Load cell / water bag‬‬

‫اﻧﻮاع ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر واﻳﺮ‬

‫ ﻣﻐﺰي ﻛﻨﻔﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻓﻴﺒﺮ‬-1

‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺳﻴﻢ ﺑﻜﺴﻞ‬

‫‪Wire rope sling‬‬

‫ﮔﺎم درﺳﻴﻢ ﺑﻜﺴﻞ ﻫﺎ‬

·The length along the rope that a strand makes one

‫ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺳﻴﻢ ﺑﻜﺴﻞ ﻫﺎ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﭼﭗ ﮔﺮد ﻳﺎ راﺳﺖ ﮔﺮد ﺑﻮدن‬

‫ﺭﺍﺳﺕ ﮔﺭﺩﻣﻧﻅﻡ )‪(ZS‬‬

‫ﺭﺍﺳﺕ ﮔﺭﺩ ﻟﻧﮓ )◌َ ◌َ ◌َ ◌َ ‪(Z َ◌Z‬‬

‫ﭼپ ﮔﺭﺩ ﻣﻧﻅﻡ )‪(SZ‬‬

‫ﭼپ ﮔﺭﺩ ﻟﻧﮓ )‪(SS‬‬

‫‪Basic 19 wire strand construction‬‬

‫‪Basic 31 wire strand construction‬‬

‫‪Lay rope type‬‬

Wire rope construction

Wire rope core

Independent wire rope

basic strand ‫اﻧﻮاع ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر‬

Single (ordinary) Layer. The most common example of the single

Seale. This construction has two layers of wires around a

‫‪ -2‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺳﻴﻞ )ﺟﺰﻳﻴﺎت اﺳﺘﺮاﻧﺪ ‪ 19‬ﺳﻴﻤﻪ (‬