AE8502 AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES II

BY
MR. L .OBLISAMY
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING
NEHRU INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
 LEARNING OBJECTIVE: IDENTIFY THE FIVE BASIC STRESSES ACTING ON AN AIRCRAFT.
• During flight, any maneuver that causes acceleration
or deceleration increases the forces and stresses on the
wings and fuselage
• Stresses on the wings, fuselage, and landing gear of
aircraft are tension, compression, shear, bending, and
torsion. These stresses are absorbed by each
component of the wing structure and transmitted to
the fuselage structure. these stresses are known as loads,
and the study of loads is called a stress analysis
EXAMPLES
• TENSION: An elevator control cable is in additional tension when the pilot moves the control
column.
• COMPRESSION: When an airplane is on the ground, the landing gear struts.
• SHEAR: The rivets and bolts of an aircraft experience both shear and tension stresses.
• TORSION: Engine crankshaft while the engine is running.
• BENDING: The wing spars of an aircraft in flight are subject to bending stresses.
SEMIMONOCOQUE CONSTRUCTION
FUNCTION OF STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS
A) it transmits and resists all loads applied to it
B) acts as a cover to maintain aerodynamic shape

• SKIN
a) Transmits aerodynamic forces to the longitudinal and transverse members
b) Develops shear stress to the applied torsional moments
c) Together with longitudinal members resists axial loads and applied bending.

• STRINGERS OR LONGERONS
a) Resist bending and axial load.

• FRAMES OR BULKHEAD
a) Maintain cross sectional shape
b) Distribute concentrated loads
c) Prevent buckling
d) Resist circumferential loads with the help of skin

• SPAR
a) Resists bending, axial and torsion
• SPAR
a) Resists bending, axial and torsion

• RIBS
a) Provides aerodynamic shape of wing
b) Resist the distributed aerodynamic pressure loads, they distribute concentrated loads into the
structure
c) Increase the column buckling stress of the longitudinal stiffener and increase the plate buckling
stress of the skin panels.
 UNIT-1
UNSYMMETRICAL BENDING
Symmetric bending
1.In symmetric bending , there exist at
least one plane of symmetry.
2.The load acting will be perpendicular
to the plane of symmetry.
3.The neutral axis is perpendicular to the 3.The neutral axis need not to be
applied load.
4. The moment acts along any one of
the axis
Unsymmetrical bending
1.In unsymmetrical , there will be no plane of
symmetry.
2.The load can be acting any direction
through the centroid.
perpendicular to point of application of
load.
4. The moment acts along both the x and y
axis.
 SKEW LOAD

• It is subjected to a load inclined to the axes of symmetry.

• In such cases bending will takes place about an inclined axis.
• Neutral axis (N.A)will be inclined at some angle to the XX axis and deflections will take place
perpendicular to the N.A.
• THREE METHODS FOR DETERMINING BENDING STRESS
• K-METHOD (X , Y AXIS)
• PRINCIPAL AXIS METHOD (U , V AXIS)
• NEUTRAL AXIS METHOD
 K-METHOD

• A beam having the cross section as shown in fig is subjected to a bending moment of 1500 Nm in
a vertical plane. Calculate the maximum direct stress due to bending stating the point which it acts.
36 mm 84 mm

A B
8 mm

8 mm

80 mm
 K-METHOD

• A beam having the cross section as shown in fig is subjected to a bending moment of 1500 Nm in
a vertical plane. Calculate the maximum direct stress due to bending stating the point which it acts.
36 mm Y 84 mm
A B
8 mm

8 mm
X C X
X = 52 mm Y = 66.4 mm
80 mm
 PRINCIPAL AXIS AND NEUTRAL PLANE METHOD
• The angle section of 80 x 10 mm as shown in fig and it has a length of 10 mm

2.4 m long and both ends are simply supported. A load of 400 N acts
along the vertical axis (Y) passes through the centroid, determine the
bending stress with respect to U and V axis and also determine 80 mm

the bending stress using the neutral plane method,

•
 X = 23.66 mm
Y axis
U Axis
N V Axis

ϴp = 45o
X axis
X axis
β = -75.42 o Y = 23.66 mm
A

Y axis
A BEAM OF I CROSS SECTION IS SUBJECTED TO A BENDING MOMENT
OF 3000 N-m INCLINED 30o TO THE VERTICAL AXIS AS SHOWN IN FIG.
DETERMINE THE BENDING STRESS FOR THE POINT AS STATED.
80 mm M = 3000 N-m
A B
10 mm

30o
15 mm
100 mm
40 mm

20 mm E
10 mm
C D
80 mm
DETERMINE THE BENDING STRESS FOR THE GIVEN IDEALIZED SECTION AS
SHOWN IN FIG WHERE THE MOMENT IS SUBJECTED TO CENTROIDAL X AND Y
AXIS, Mx = 5 kN-cm, My = 1 kN-cm.

B (3 cm2)

A (5 cm2)
15 cm 30 cm
(5 cm2) D C (3 cm2)
30 cm
FOR THE GIVEN CROSS SECTION WHEN IT IS SUBJECTED TO MX =
1200 N-M. DETERMINE THE BENDING STRESS FOR THREE CORNER
POINTS AS SHOWN IN FIG.