Republicof the Philippines

Department of Education Republic of the Philippines

Region IV –A CALABARZON Department of Education
Division of Cavite
District of Tagaytay Region IV- A CALABARZON
NEOGAN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL Division of Cavite
DISTRICT of TAGAYTAY

MAYETTE P. ENRIQUEZ
You handed this module to learn more
about the Reproduction of Non-vascular
plants.
 Make sure your hands are clean
before you continue reading
 Do not write anything on this
module
 Use answer sheet in answering
questions
 Read and understand carefully the
discussion.
 Use this module PROPERLY.
THANK YOU and GOOD LUCK!
MAYETTE P. ENRIQUEZ

i
 Copyright © 2019

All rights reserved. This book or any portion thereof

may not be reproduced or used in any manner whatsoever
without the express written permission of the publisher
except for the use of brief quotations in a book review.

ii
 Nonvascular plants are very small because their lack of a vascular system means they do not
have mechanics required for transporting food and water far distance.

Another characteristic of nonvascular plants that sets them apart from vascular plants is that
they lack roots. Instead of roots, nonvascular plants have rhizoids, which are small hairs that
insert into the substrate to keep the plants in place.

Nonvascular plants are commonly found in moist environments so that they are always close
to a water source and can absorb the water right into the main part of the plant without relying on
roots.

Non-vascular plants is low-growing plants, no cell walls, no roots live in damp, shady places.

iii
 Page

Pre-Test ………………………………………………………………………………….. 1
Discussion ………………………………………………………………………………….. 2-3
Let’s Try This …………………………………………………………………………………. 4
Analyze This ....................................................................................... 5
Post Test …………………………………………………………………………………. 6
Let’s Remember …………………………………………………………………………… 7
Answer Key ………………………………………………………………………………… 8
Glossary ………………………………………………………………………………….. 9
References ………………………………………………………………………………….. 10
The Author ........................................................................................ 11

iv
 The learners demonstrate understanding of how non-flowering
plants reproduce.

The learners should be able to

 Make a multimedia presentation on how parts of the reproductive
system of spore-bearing and cone-bearing plants ensure their
survival
 Make a flyer on how plants can be propagated vegetatively

Distinguish how spore-bearing and cone-bearing plants

reproduce.

v
Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. What structure is not found in non-vascular plants?
a. Phloem c. chloroplast
b Rhizoids. d. cell wall
2. The nonvascular plants are the ____________.
a. algae and blue-green algae c. hornworts, liverworts and mosses
b. fungi and shine d. gymnosperm
3. Which of these is NOT true of bryophytes?
a. included liverworts and mosses c. require moisture to accomplish fertilization
b. lack of vascular tissue d. produce spores carried by insects
4. How many group of nonvascular plants?
a. 2 c. 4
b. 3 d. 1
5. What type of plants have no roots, stems or leaves?
a. vascular plants c. nonvascular plants
b. gymnosperm d. sperm
6. Why mosses and liverworts need water?
a. to shows an alteration of generation c. to carry the sperm to the eggs for fertilization
b. to carry the eggs to the sperm for fertilization d. to get nutrients
7. What are the tiny plants that grow as a green carpet in moist areas?
a. mosses c. ferns
b. liverworts d. hornworts
8. Some mosses are found on _______ and in arid locations.
a. water c. land
b. rocks d. mountain
9. Instead of having roots moss has _____________.
a. moist habitats c. habitats
b. warm habitats d. warm
10. What are the other name for female sex organ of bryophytes?
a. archegonia c. antherozoid
bantherocytes d. antheridia

1
 NON-VASCULAR PLANTS
(Bryophytes)

Nonvascular plants also known as Bryophytes are plants which do not have tissues to
transport water and food. They do not have real roots, stems and leaves.Mosses, liverworts
and hornworts are classified as nonvascular plants. They are the most simple plants found on
land.

They are attached to the places where they live by means of their root-like
rhizoids.Rhizoids absorb water and nutrients;anchors the plant to a surface instead of true
roots.They grow very close to damp grounds, stone walls or tree trunks.
Plants need to reproduce in order to expand their species, but non-vascular plants do
not produce flower or seed. Non-vascular plants can reproduce sexually and asexually,
though asexual reproduction is not very common method.

Characteristics of Non vascular plants

 Do not produce seeds, flowers or fruits

 Do not have the vascular tissues, xylem and phloem
 Have multi-celled and cell walls composed of cellulose
 Do not have true roots, stems and leaves.
 Depend on water for reproduction.

2
How nonvascular plants reproduce?
Process of Reproduction
1. During sexual reproduction, the archegonia, present on female gametophytes on the top
leaves of mosses, produce egg cells.
2. The sperm cells are produced by Antheridia, present on the male gametophytes. The sperm
cells require water such as a dew or rain drop to reach archegonium where they fertilize the
egg cells.
3. The resulting zygote develops into a sporophyte that is inside the archegonium.
4. Gradually, it takes the shape of a slender stalk with a spore capsule on its tip. In this
capsule, haploid spores are produced by the process of meiosis.
5. This capsule opens up to free up the spores. These spores get buried in soil and produce
.gametophytes.

3
ACTIVITY 1
Identify and put the correct cycle of the picture shown below. Get the answer on the box

Spore developing gametophyte

Fertilization eggs form in archegonia
mature gametophyte archegonium
sperm swim to egg zygote
developing sporophyte

4
ACTIVITY 2
II. Identify if the statement is correct write T and if false, write the correct answer on the
blank.

_________1. The sexual reproduction for leafy liverworts is very similar to the mosses.

________ 2. The sexual reproduction of moss, the plants produced two structures, one male
and one female, usually on the same plants.

_________ 3. There are two forms of reproduction of hornworts, the asexual or

thallusreproduction and sexual reproduction.

_________ 4. The fertilized embryos are scattered over the plant and grow into the next
generation of sporophytes.

_________ 5.Mosses reproduce using spores, not seeds, and have no flower.

ACTIVITY 3
I. Fill in the blank with the correct answer based on our discussion.

1.________________are the tiny plants that grow as a green carpet in moist areas.

2. The __________reproduction for leafy liverworts is very similar to the mosses.

3. The sexual parts of liverworts are contained in small and inconspicuous structures known
as

antheridia (male) and __________ (female), which develop on separate plant bodies.

4. During the sexual reproduction phase of mosses, the plants produce two __________, one
male and one female, usually on different plants.

5. _____________reproduction occurs when any part of the stems or even a leaf breaks off of
a plant
and regenerates to create a new moss plant.

5
Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. What structure is not found in non-vascular plants?
a. Phloem c. chloroplast
b Rhizoids. d. cell wall
2. The nonvascular plants are the ____________.
a. algae and blue-green algae c. hornworts, liverworts and mosses
b. fungi and shine d. gymnosperm
3. Which of these is NOT true of bryophytes?
a. included liverworts and mosses c. require moisture to accomplish fertilization
b. lack of vascular tissue d. produce spores carried by insects
4. How many group of nonvascular plants?
a. 2 c. 4
b. 3 d. 1
5. What type of plants have no roots, stems or leaves?
a. vascular plants c. nonvascular plants
b. gymnosperm d. sperm
6. Why mosses and liverworts need water?
a. to shows an alteration of generation c. to carry the sperm to the eggs for fertilization
b. to carry the eggs to the sperm for fertilization d. to get nutrients
7. What are the tiny plants that grow as a green carpet in moist areas?
a. mosses c. ferns
b. liverworts d. hornworts
8. Some mosses are found on _______ and in arid locations.
a. water c. land
b. rocks d. mountain
9. Instead of having roots moss has _____________.
a. moist habitats c. habitats
b. warm habitats d. warm
10. What are the other name for female sex organ of bryophytes?
a. archegonia c. antherozoid
bantherocytes d. antheridia

6
 Nonvascular plants include mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. They are the only
plants with a life cycle in which the gametophyte generation is dominant. Figure below
shows the life cycle of moss. The familiar, green, photosynthetic moss plants are
gametophytes. The sporophyte generation is very small and dependent on the gametophyte
plant.

The gametophytes of nonvascular plants have distinct male or female reproductive

organs Male reproductive organs, called antheridia (singular, antheridium), produce motile
sperm with two flagella. Female reproductive organs, called archegonia (singular,
archegonium), produce eggs.

In order for fertilization to occur, sperm must swim in a drop of water from an
antheridium to an egg in an archegonium. If fertilization takes place, it results in a zygote that
develops into a tiny sporophyte on the parent gametophyte plant. The sporophyte produces
haploid spores, and these develop into the next generation of gametophyte plants. Then the
cycle repeats.

7
 PRE-TEST/POST TEST

1. A
2. C
3. D
4. B
5. C
6. C
7. A
8. B
9. A
10. A

ACTIVITY 2

ACTIVITY 1 1. True
2. Different
1. Mature gametophyte 3. Vegetative
2. Eggs form in archegonia 4. True
3. Sperm swim to egg 5. True
4. Fertilization
5.Archegonium
6. Zygote
7. Developing sporophyte
ACTIVITY 3
8. Mature gametophyte
9. Spore
1. Mosses
10. Mature gametophyte
2. Sexual
3. Archegonia
4. Structure
5. Asexual

8
ANTHERIDIA - the male sex organ of algae, mosses, ferns, fungi, and other non-flowering
plants.

ARCHEGONIA - the female sex organ in mosses, liverworts, ferns, and most conifers.

BRYOPHYTE – any of a division (Bryophyta) of non-flowering plants comprising the

mosses, liverworts, and hornworts

GAMETOPHYTE -(in the life cycle of plants with alternating generations) the gamete-
producing and usually haploid phase, producing the zygote from which the sporophyte arises.
It is the dominant form in bryophytes.

MEIOSIS - a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the
number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores.

PHLOEM - the vascular tissue in plants that conducts sugars and other metabolic products
downward from the leaves.

RHIZOID - a filamentous outgrowth or root hair on the underside of the thallus in some
lower plants, especially mosses and liverworts, serving both to anchor the plant and (in
terrestrial forms) to conduct water.

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION - the production of new living organisms by combining

genetic information from two individuals of different types (sexes). In most higher
organisms, one sex (male) produces a small motile gamete that travels to fuse with a larger
stationary gamete produced by the other (female).

SPOROPHYTE - (in the life cycle of plants with alternating generations) the asexual and
usually diploid phase, producing spores from which the gametophyte arises. It is the
dominant form in vascular plants, e.g., the frond of a fern.

XYLEM - the vascular tissue in plants that conducts water and dissolved nutrients upward
from the root and also helps to form the woody element in the stem.

ZYGOTE - a diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes; a fertilized
ovum.

9
Arveersindependentstudyunit.weebly.com
commons.wikimedia.com
garden.lovetoknow.com

10
 MAYETTE P. ENRIQUEZ

Mayette Payaban Enriquez was born at Taal Batangas but spent all her
life at Kaybagal Tagaytay City. She graduated at Cavite State University with
the degree of Bachelor of Secondary Education major in Biology. She is
currently teaching at Mendez Crossing Elementary School. She is the class
adviser of grade six students and is teaching Science subject. She is also a school
paper adviser of the school publication.
MENDEZ CROSSING ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
MUNICIPALITY OF TAGAYTAY