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Basic Math Symbols: Equals Sign
Basic Math Symbols: Equals Sign
Symbo
Symbol Name Meaning / definition Example
l
5 = 2+3
= equals sign equality
5 is equal to 2+3
5≠4
≠ not equal sign inequality
5 is not equal to 4
sin(0.01) ≈ 0.01,
approximately
≈ equal
approximation x ≈ y means x is
approximately equal to y
5>4
> strict inequality greater than
5 is greater than 4
4<5
< strict inequality less than
4 is less than 5
5 ≥ 4,
≥ inequality greater than or equal to x ≥ y means x is greater
than or equal to y
4 ≤ 5,
≤ inequality less than or equal to x ≤ y means x is less than
or equal to y
calculate expression inside
() parentheses
first 2 × (3+5) = 16
division sign /
÷ obelus
division 6÷2=3
n n-th root
√a (radical)
for n=3, n√8 = 2
Geometry symbols
Symbo
Symbol Name Meaning / definition Example
l
measured
ABC = 30°
angle
∆ABC≅
≅ congruent to equivalence of geometric shapes and size
∆XYZ
∆ABC~
~ similarity same shapes, not same size
∆XYZ
ΔABC≅
Δ triangle triangle shape
ΔBCD
π = 3.141592654...
c = π⋅d =
π pi constant is the ratio between the circumference and
2⋅π⋅r
diameter of a circle
Algebra symbols
Symbo
Symbol Name Meaning / definition Example
l
≡ equivalence identical to
equal by
≜ definition
equal by definition
equal by
:= definition
equal by definition
Symbo
Symbol Name Meaning / definition Example
l
approximately
~ equal
weak approximation 11 ~ 10
approximately
≈ equal
approximation sin(0.01) ≈ 0.01
{} braces set
π = 3.141592654...
is the ratio between the
π pi constant
circumference and diameter
c = π⋅d = 2⋅π⋅r
of a circle
probability
P(A) function
probability of event A P(A) = 0.5
probability of
probability that of
P(A ∩ B) events
events A and B P(A∩B) = 0.5
intersection
conditional
probability of event A
P(A | B) probability
given event B occured P(A | B) = 0.3
function
probability
P(a ≤ x ≤ b) = ∫
f (x) density function
f(x) dx
(pdf)
Symbol Symbol Name Meaning / definition Example
cumulative
F(x) distribution F(x) = P(X≤ x)
function (cdf)
expected value of
conditional
E(X | Y) expectation
random variable X E(X | Y=2) = 5
given Y
variance of random
var(X) variance
variable X var(X) = 4
variance of population
σ2 variance
values σ2 = 4
standard deviation
standard
σX deviation
value of random σX = 2
variable X
middle value of
median
random variable x
covariance of random
cov(X,Y) covariance
variables X and Y cov(X,Y) = 4
correlation of random
corr(X,Y) correlation
variables X and Y corr(X,Y) = 0.6
correlation of random
ρX,Y correlation
variables X and Y ρX,Y = 0.6
double
∑∑ summation
double summation
Symbol Symbol Name Meaning / definition Example
average / arithmetic
x sample mean
mean x = (2+5+9) / 3 = 5.333
population samples
s 2 sample variance
variance estimator s 2 = 4
population samples
sample standard
s deviation
standard deviation s = 2
estimator
normal
N(μ,σ2) distribution
gaussian distribution X ~ N(0,3)
exponential
exp(λ) distribution f (x) = λe-λx , x≥0
λ) Γ(c), x≥0
geometric
Geom(p) distribution f (k) = p(1-p) k
hyper-geometric
HG(N,K,n) distribution
Bernoulli
Bern(p) distribution
Combinatorics Symbols
Symbol Symbol Name Meaning / definition Example
nCk
combination 5C3 = 5!/[3!(5-3)!]=10
B = {9,14,28}
objects that belong to set A and
A ∩ B intersection set B A ∩ B = {9,14}
A={3,9,14},
both sets have the same
A = B equality members B={3,9,14},
A=B
all the objects that do not
Ac complement
belong to set A
A = {3,9,14},
objects that belong to A and not
A \ B relative complement to B B = {1,2,3},
A-B = {9,14}
Symbol Symbol Name Meaning / definition Example
A = {3,9,14},
objects that belong to A and not
A - B relative complement to B B = {1,2,3},
A-B = {9,14}
A = {3,9,14},
objects that belong to A or B B = {1,2,3},
A ∆ B symmetric difference but not to their intersection A∆B=
{1,2,9,14}
A = {3,9,14},
A⊖ objects that belong to A or B B = {1,2,3},
symmetric difference
B but not to their intersection A⊖B=
{1,2,9,14}
A={3,9,14}, |A|
|A| cardinality the number of elements of set A
=3
A={3,9,14},
#A cardinality the number of elements of set A
#A=3
infinite cardinality of natural
aleph-null
numbers set
Logic symbols
Symbol Symbol Name Meaning / definition Example
+ plus or x + y
⇒ implies
∀ for all
∃ there exists
∴ therefore
∵ because / since
time second
derivative of derivative
derivative
integration of function of 3
∫∫∫ triple integral
variables ∫∫∫ f(x,y,z)dxdydz
closed surface
∯ integral
closed volume
∰ integral
vector
unit vector
δ delta function
Numeral symbols
Name European Roman Hindu Arabic Hebrew
zero 0 ٠
one 1 I ١ א
two 2 II ٢ ב
four 4 IV ٤ ד
Name European Roman Hindu Arabic Hebrew
five 5 V ٥ ה
six 6 VI ٦ ו
nine 9 IX ٩ ט
ten 10 X ١٠ י
eleven 11 XI ١١ יא
fifteen 15 XV ١٥ טו
twenty 20 XX ٢٠ כ
forty 40 XL ٤٠ מ
fifty 50 L ٥٠ נ
sixty 60 LX ٦٠ ס
ninety 90 XC ٩٠ צ
Α α Alpha a al-fa
Β β Beta b be-ta
Γ γ Gamma g ga-ma
Δ δ Delta d del-ta
Ε ε Epsilon e ep-si-lon
Ζ ζ Zeta z ze-ta
Η η Eta h eh-ta
Θ θ Theta th te-ta
Ι ι Iota i io-ta
Κ κ Kappa k ka-pa
Λ λ Lambda l lam-da
Μ μ Mu m m-yoo
Ν ν Nu n noo
Ξ ξ Xi x x-ee
Ο ο Omicron o o-mee-c-ron
Π π Pi p pa-yee
Ρ ρ Rho r row
Σ σ Sigma s sig-ma
Τ τ Tau t ta-oo
Υ υ Upsilon u oo-psi-lon
Φ φ Phi ph f-ee
Χ χ Chi ch kh-ee
Ψ ψ Psi ps p-see
Ω ω Omega o o-me-ga
Roman numerals
Number Roman numeral
0 not defined
1 I
2 II
3 III
4 IV
5 V
6 VI
Number Roman numeral
7 VII
8 VIII
9 IX
10 X
11 XI
12 XII
13 XIII
14 XIV
15 XV
16 XVI
17 XVII
18 XVIII
19 XIX
20 XX
30 XXX
40 XL
50 L
60 LX
70 LXX
80 LXXX
90 XC
Number Roman numeral
100 C
200 CC
300 CCC
400 CD
500 D
600 DC
700 DCC
800 DCCC
900 CM
1000 M
5000 V
10000 X
50000 L
100000 C
500000 D
1000000 M
Math symbols are shorthand marks that represent mathematical
concepts.
Symbol Name
+ addition sign, plus sign Symbol Name
- subtraction sign, minus sign ∠ angle
x or ⋅ multiplication sign ° degree
÷ or / division sign ⊥ perpendicular
= equal || parallel
≠ not equal ∼ is similar to (tilde)
< less than ∪ union
> greater than ∩ intersection
≤ less than or equal to ∅ null or empty set
≥ greater than or equal to ∈ is a member of
# number sign ∉ is not a member of
() parentheses ⊂ is a subset of
& and (ampersand) ∃ there exists (existential quantifier)
% percent ∀ for all (universal quantifier)
π pi f(x) a function whose variable is x
|x| absolute value of x ∴ therefore
√ square root Σ sum
! factorial ... ellipsis (and so on)
± plus or minus ∞ infinity
ˆ caret - to the power of