Unit 2 - Week 1: Introduction To Clouds, Virtualization and Virtual Machine

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Unit 2 - Week 1: Introduction to Clouds,

Virtualization and Virtual Machine
Course outline
How to access the portal
Week 1: Introduction to Clouds, Virtualization and Virtual Machine
 Introduction to Cloud Computing
 Virtualization
 Hotspot Mitigation for Virtual Machine Migration
 Quiz : Assignment-01
 WEEK-1 FEEDBACK
 Week 1: Lecture material
 Assignment-01: Solution
Week 2: Network Virtualization and Geo-distributed Clouds

Week 3: Leader Election in Cloud, Distributed Systems and Industry Systems
Week 4: Classical Distributed Algorithms and the Industry Systems
Week 5: Consensus, Paxos and Recovery in Clouds
Week 6: Cloud Storage: Key-value stores/NoSQL
Week 7: P2P Systems and their use in Industry Systems, Cloud Applications: MapReduce
Week 8: Cloud Applications: Spark and Apache Kafka

Assignment-01
The due date for submitting this assignment has passed.
Due on 2018-09-12, 23:59 IST.
Assignment submitted on 2018-09-11, 16:11 IST
1 point
Which of these statements are correct?
Statement-1: Moore’s law indicates that network bandwidth doubles every 18 months.
Statement-2: Gilder’s law indicates that processor speed has doubled each year in the past.
Only statement 1 is correct

Only statement 2 is correct
Both statements are correct
Both statements are false
Yes, the answer is correct.
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:

1 point
Web based email service is an example of ____________________
Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)
Platform-as-a-Service (Paas)
Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS)
None of the mentioned

Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)
1 point
Amazon Web Services (AWS) is an example of______________________
Software as a service (SaaS)

Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
Platform as a Service (PaaS)

Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)

1 point
True or False ?
Utility computing focuses on a business model in which customers receive computing resources
from a paid service provider.
True
False

Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
True
1 point
Which type of Hypervisor is shown in the following figure ?

Type 1
Type 2
Type 3

Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
Type 2
1 point
Which of the following figure is the example of Passthrough Model:

Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3

Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
Figure 1
1 point
______________are accessible only to company employees
______________provide service to any paying customer
Private clouds, Private clouds

Public clouds, Public clouds
Private clouds, Public clouds
Public clouds, Private clouds

Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
Private clouds, Public clouds

1 point
_____________________where a VM can be moved from one physical machine to another even
as it continues to execute.
Load Balancing
Migration
Live Migration
Server consolidation
No, the answer is incorrect.

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
Live Migration
1 point
Consider the following regarding the Sandpiper architecture:

P: I,Q: II, R:III, S:IV, T:V

P: IV,Q: III, R:I, S:V, T:II
P: III,Q: V, R:I, S:IV, T:II
P: III,Q: IV, R:I, S:V, T:II

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
P: III,Q: IV, R:I, S:V, T:II

1 point
_____________________ method is completely OS and application agnostic
__________________________method access to OS stats and application logs

Black-box, Gray-Box
Gray-Box, Black-box
Black-box, White-Box
Gray-box, White-Box

Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
Black-box, Gray-Box
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Unit 3 - Week 2: Network Virtualization and

Geo-distributed Clouds
Course outline
 Server Virtualization
 Software Defined Network
 Geo-distributed Cloud Data Centers
 Week 2: Lecture Material
 WEEK-2 FEEDBACK


Assignment-02
Due on 2018-09-12, 23:59 IST.
1 point
Match the correct pairs:

P: IV, Q: I, R: III, S: II
P: III, Q: I, R: II, S: IV
P: IV, Q: II, R: III, S: I
P: III, Q: IV, R: II, S: I

Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
P: III, Q: IV, R: II, S: I

1 point
___________________________is an approach to efficiently pack virtual machines into a fewer
number of servers to increase resource utilization and reduce power consumption.
Load Balancing
Migration
Live Migration

Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
1 point
To offer hotspot free performance for arbitrary traffic matrices, VL2 uses two related
mechanisms:
Flows and out-of-order delivery
Clos network and EQMP
VLB and ECMP
Agility and Load balancing

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
VLB and ECMP

1 point
The challenges of a Multi-Tenant Data Center are:
A. Agility
B. Location independent addressing
C. Performance uniformity
D. Scalability
A, B, C
A, B, D
B, C, D
A, C, D

Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
A, B, C
1 point
With the use of Traffic Engineering (TE) in Google’s WAN B4, it can:
i) Leverage control at network edge to adjudicate among competing demands during resource
constraint
ii) Use multipath forwarding/tunneling to leverage available network capacity according to

application priority, and
iii) Dynamically reallocate bandwidth in the face of link/switch failures or shifting application
demands
Only (i) and (ii) are true
Only (iii) is true
Only (i) and (iii) are true
All are true

Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
All are true

1 point
____________________________is an open-source project that automates the deployment of
applications inside software containers, by providing an additional layer of abstraction and
automation of OS–level virtualization on Linux.
Knocker
Hypervisor
KVM
Docker

Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
Docker
1 point
Consider the following statements:
Statement 1: In Single-root I/O Virtualization (SR-IOV), the live VM migration becomes
trickier, because the virtual machine is tied to physical resources of the machine.

Statement 2: In Single-root I/O Virtualization (SR-IOV), forwarding is no longer as flexible
because it relies on a layer two switch that is built into the hardware of the NIC.
Only statement 1 is true
Both statements are true
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:

1 point
Identify the correct key ideas for software-defined networking architecture:
Statement 1: Low-level interface and programmatic interface for the data plane
Statement 2: Logically centralized controller that allows us to build software abstractions on top
of it.

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:

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Unit 4 - Week 3: Leader Election in Cloud,

Distributed Systems and Industry Systems
Course outline
 Leader Election (Ring LE & Bully LE Algorithm)
 Leader Election in Rings (Classical Distributed Algorithms)

 Design of Zookeeper
 WEEK-3 FEEDBACK


Assignment-03
Due on 2018-09-19, 23:59 IST.
1 point
In a Classical Algorithm of Ring Election, what will be the message complexity for N labelled
processes ?
(N-1) messages
(2N-1) messages
(3N-1) messages
(4N-1) messages
1 point
True or False ?
There is no leader election algorithm for anonymous rings, even if algorithm knows the ring size
(non-uniform) and synchronous model.
True
False
1 point
ZooKeeper itself is intended to be replicated over a sets of hosts called ______________
Chunks
Ensemble
Subdomains
1 point
Find the message and time complexity of below algorithm:
send value of own id to the left

when receive an id j (from the right):
if j > id then
forward j to the left (this processor has lost)
if j = id then
elect self (this processor has won)
if j < id then
do nothing
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Unit 4 - Week 3: Leader Election in Cloud,
Distributed Systems and Industry Systems
Course outline
 Leader Election (Ring LE & Bully LE Algorithm)
 Leader Election in Rings (Classical Distributed Algorithms)
 Design of Zookeeper
 WEEK-3 FEEDBACK


Assignment-03
Due on 2018-09-19, 23:59 IST.
1 point
In a Classical Algorithm of Ring Election, what will be the message complexity for N labelled
processes ?
(N-1) messages
(2N-1) messages
(3N-1) messages
(4N-1) messages

Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
(3N-1) messages
1 point
True or False ?
There is no leader election algorithm for anonymous rings, even if algorithm knows the ring size
(non-uniform) and synchronous model.
True
False

Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
True
1 point
ZooKeeper itself is intended to be replicated over a sets of hosts called ______________
Chunks
Ensemble
Subdomains

Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
Ensemble
1 point
Find the message and time complexity of below algorithm:
send value of own id to the left

when receive an id j (from the right):
if j > id then
forward j to the left (this processor has lost)
if j = id then
elect self (this processor has won)
if j < id then
do nothing
[Math Processing Error]Messages and [Math Processing Error] Time
[Math Processing Error] Messages and [Math Processing Error] Time
[Math Processing Error]Messages and [Math Processing Error]Time

Score: 1
Accepted Answers:

0 points
Statement 1: When two processes are competing with each other causing data corruption, it is
called deadlock.
Statement 2: When two processes are waiting for each other directly or indirectly, it is called
race condition.


Score: 0
Accepted Answers:

1 point
True or False ?
Zookeeper is a replicated service that holds the metadata of distributed applications.

True
False

Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
True
1 point
True or False ?
Consider the following statement:
“Leader Election problem represents a general class of non symmetry-breaking problems.”

True
False

Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
False
1 point
In the [Math Processing Error] messages leader election algorithm, the probe distance in phase k
is _______ and the number of messages initiated by a processor in phase k is at most
______________including probes and replies in both directions.
[Math Processing Error]

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:

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Unit 5 - Week 4: Classical Distributed

Algorithms and the Industry Systems
Course outline
 Time and Clock Synchronization in Cloud Data Centers
 Global State and Snapshot Recording Algorithms
 Distributed Mutual Exclusion



Assignment-04
Due on 2018-09-26, 23:59 IST.
1 point
Assign Lamport timestamps to the events (a, b, c, d, e, f) as shown in the figure:

a: 6, b: 2, c: 6, d: 7, e: 7, f: 8
a: 1, b: 2, c: 2, d: 3, e: 4, f: 2
a: 6, b: 7, c: 6, d: 7, e: 7, f: 8
a: 6, b: 7, c: 6, d: 7, e: 8, f: 9
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
a: 6, b: 7, c: 6, d: 7, e: 8, f: 9
1 point
The properties hold for quorums in a coterie are:
Intersection property
Minimality property
Total ordered set property
Both Intersection and Minimality property

Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
Both Intersection and Minimality property

1 point
Which event is concurrent with the vector clock (2, 7, 3)?
(1, 7, 4)
(4, 9, 4)
(1, 5, 1)
(5, 7, 3)

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
(1, 7, 4)
1 point
A client gets a timestamp of 3:12:30.500 from a time server. The elapsed time between the
request and response was 20 msec (0.020 sec). The current time on the client is 3:12:30.510.
Using Cristian’s algorithm i.e. server time + ½(elapsed time), what is the time set on the client?
3:12:30.480
3:12:30.490
3:12:30.510
3:12:30.520

Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
3:12:30.510
1 point
A client's clock reads 3:20:00. The server's clock reads 3:10:00 when they synchronize using the
Berkeley algorithm. Assume message delays are negligible. What is the time at the client after
synchronization?
3:20:00
3:10:00
6:30:00
3:15:00

Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
3:15:00
1 point
True or False ?
DTP (Datacenter Time Protocol) uses the physical layer of network devices to implement a
decentralized clock synchronization protocol.
True
False

Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
True
1 point
True or False ?

The Chandy-Lamport global snapshot algorithm works correctly for non-FIFO channels.
True
False

Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
False
1 point
Find out the correct property to solve mutual exclusion in distributed system:
Property 1: At most one process executes in critical section at any time
Property 2: Every request for a critical section is granted eventually
Property 3: Requests are granted in the order they were made

Property 1: Liveness, Property 2: Fairness, Property 3: Safety
Property 1: Safety, Property 2: Fairness, Property 3: Liveness
Property 1: Fairness, Property 2: Safety, Property 3: Liveness
Property 1: Safety, Property 2: Liveness, Property 3: Fairness

Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
Property 1: Safety, Property 2: Liveness, Property 3: Fairness

1 point
Statement 1: Lamport’s algorithm achieves mutual exclusion.
Statement 2: Lamport’s algorithm is fair.

Score: 1
Accepted Answers:

1 point
___________________provides Advisory locks only and doesn’t guarantee mutual exclusion
unless every client checks lock before accessing resource.
Paxos
Cassandra
Google’s Chubby
Microsoft Azure

Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
Google’s Chubby
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Unit 6 - Week 5: Consensus, Paxos and

Recovery in Clouds
Course outline
 Consensus in Cloud Computing and Paxos
 Byzantine Agreement
 Failures & Recovery Approaches in Distributed Systems



Assignment-05
Due on 2018-10-03, 23:59 IST.
As per our records you have not submitted this assignment.
1 point
Find out the correct model for the given assumptions of a system:
Assumption 1: Each message is received within bounded time
Assumption 2: Drift of each process’ local clock has a known bound
Assumption 3: Each step in a process takes lb < time < ub , where lb represents lower bound and
ub represents an upper bound.
Asynchronous distributed system
Synchronous distributed system
On demand computing system
Parallel processing system

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
Synchronous distributed system

1 point
Statement 1: In the synchronous system model, consensus is impossible to solve
Statement 2: In the asynchronous system model, consensus is solvable
Statement 3: Paxos provides safety and eventual liveness

Only statement 1 and statement 2 are true
Only statement 2 and statement 3 are true

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:

1 point
Consider the given table of agreement problems and match the correct pair:

(P): (i), (Q): (ii), (R): (iii)
(P): (iii), (Q): (ii), (R): (i)
(P): (iii), (Q): (i), (R): (ii)
(P): (ii), (Q): (iii), (R): (i)
Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
(P): (iii), (Q): (i), (R): (ii)

1 point
True or False ?
“Byzantine agreement cannot be reached among three processors if one processor is faulty”
True
False

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
True
1 point
True or False ?
“Pease showed that in a fully connected network, it is possible to reach an agreement if number
of faulty processors ‘ f ’ exceeds (n-1)/3 where n = number of processors”
True
False

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
False
1 point
True or False ?
“Koo-Toueg algorithm is a uncoordinated checkpointing and recovery technique that takes a
consistent set of checkpointing and avoids domino effect and livelock problems during the
recovery”
True
False

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
False
1 point
Messages whose ‘send’ is done but ‘receive’ is undone due to rollback are called____________
In-transit messages
Lost messages
Orphan messages
Duplicate messages

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
Lost messages
1 point
Cascaded rollback which causes the system to roll back to too far in the computation (even to the
beginning), in spite of all the checkpoints is known as_______________________
Rollback
Phantom Effect
Domino Effect
Livelock

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
Domino Effect
1 point
Messages with ‘receive’ recorded but message ‘send’ not recorded and do not arise if processes
roll back to a consistent global state are called______________________
In-transit messages
Lost messages
Orphan messages
Duplicate messages

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
Orphan messages
1 point
The ____________________may arise when a process rolls back to its checkpoint after a failure
and requests all the other affected processes also to roll back.
Rollback
Phantom Effect
Domino Effect
Livelock problem

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
Livelock problem
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Unit 7 - Week 6: Cloud Storage: Key-value

stores/NoSQL
Course outline
 Design of Key-Value Stores

 Design of HBase
 Week 6 : Lecture Material

Assignment-06
Due on 2018-10-10, 23:59 IST.
1 point
Statement 1: Scale out means grow your cluster capacity by replacing with more powerful
machines.
Statement 2: Scale up means incrementally grow your cluster capacity by adding more COTS
machines (Components Off the Shelf).

Score: 1
Accepted Answers:

1 point
Cassandra uses a protocol called _____________ to discover location and state information
Gossip
HBase
Key-value

Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
Gossip
1 point
Fill the correct choices for the given scenarios:
_________________Reads/writes complete reliably and quickly.
__________________When thousands of customers are looking to book a flight, all updates

from any client (e.g.- book a flight) should be accessible by other clients.
_________________Can happen across datacenters when the Internet gets disconnected

Availability, Consistency, Partition tolerance
Consistency, Availability, Partition tolerance
Partition tolerance, Consistency, Availability
Consistency, Partition tolerance, Availability

Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
Availability, Consistency, Partition tolerance

1 point
HBase is a distributed ______________database built on top of the Hadoop file system.
Row-oriented
Column-oriented
Tuple-oriented

Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
Column-oriented
1 point
A small chunk of data residing in one machine which is part of a cluster of machines holding one
Hbase table is known as______________________
Rowarea
Tablearea
Region
Split

Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
Region
1 point
Cell in HBase Table is a combination of _________________________
Row and column family
Row, column family and column qualifier
Row, column family, column qualifier and row keys
Row, column family, column qualifier and contains a value and a timestamp

Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
Row, column family, column qualifier and contains a value and a timestamp
1 point
A bloom filter is a bit vector V with m entries and k (ideally-independent) hash functions. To
insert a new element i, we set V[hj(i)] =1 for each of the k hash functions hj. To check whether
an element i is in the set, we AND together each value V[hj(i)] for all k hash functions.
The optimal number of hash functions is k=mnln2. For that number of hash functions, and
given a choice of false positive rate, the ratio mn=−lnp(ln2)2 , where n is the number of keys
in the table and p is the false positive rate.
Compute the approximate number of bits per entry and the number of hash functions needed for
a false positive rate of 1%.
9.6 bits per key and 7 hash functions
12.6 bits per key and12 hash functions

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:

1 point
A __________ determines which data centers and racks nodes must belong to.
Client requests
Snitch
Partitioner

Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
Snitch
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Unit 8 - Week 7: P2P Systems and their use in

Industry Systems, Cloud Applications:
MapReduce
Course outline
 Peer to Peer Systems in Cloud Computing
 MapReduce

Assignment-07
Due on 2018-10-17, 23:59 IST.
1 point
Peer-to-peer (P2P) network systems use ___________________organization of the network
overlay for flexibly sharing resources (e.g., files and multimedia documents) stored across
network-wide computers.
Physical-level
Network-level
Transport-level
Application-level
Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
Application-level
1 point
What is the characteristic of P2P network?
Fault Tolerance
Self-Adaptation
Dealing with instability
All of the mentioned

Score: 1
Accepted Answers:

1 point
Consider the given table of P2P systems and find out the correct match:

(P): (i), (Q): (ii), (R): (iii), (S): (iv)
(P): (iii), (Q): (iv), (R): (i), (S): (ii)
(P): (iii), (Q): (i), (R): (ii), (S): (iv)
(P): (iv), (Q): (iii), (R): (i), (S): (ii)

Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
(P): (iii), (Q): (i), (R): (ii), (S): (iv)

1 point
Which of these P2P system uses a 1 hop Lookup DHT (Distributed Hash Table) ?
CAN
CHORD
Kelips
Gnutella

Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
Kelips
1 point
In a Chord structured DHT (Distributed Hash Table) with N nodes, how many hops would a
lookup operation require?
N
N/2
log(logN)
log(N)

Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
log(N)
1 point
If the Map phase is subdivided into M pieces and the reduce phase into R pieces then since the
master must make ____________ scheduling decisions and keeps __________ state in memory.
O(M + R), O(M * R)
O(M*R), O(M * R)
O(M + R), O(M + R)
O(M * R), O(M + R)

Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
O(M + R), O(M * R)

1 point
______________function merges all intermediate values associated with the same intermediate
key.
Map
Reduce
Both Map and Reduce

Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
Reduce
1 point
_______________function processes a key/value pair to generate a set of intermediate key/value
pairs.
Map
Reduce
Both Map and Reduce

Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
Map
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Unit 9 - Week 8: Cloud Applications: Spark
and Apache Kafka
Course outline
 Introduction to Spark
 Introduction to Kafka
Assignment-08
Due on 2018-10-24, 23:59 IST.
1 point
Identify the correct kafka commands for the following:
P: It is the distributed, durable equivalent of Unix pipes. Use it to connect and compose your
large-scale data applications.
Q: These are the commands of your Unix pipelines. Use it to transform data stored in Kafka.
R: It is the I/O redirection in your Unix pipelines. Use it to get your data into and out of Kafka.
P: Kafka Streams, Q: Kafka Connect, R: Kafka Core
P: Kafka Core, Q: Kafka Connect, R: Kafka Stream
P: Kafka Streams, Q: Kafka Core, R: Kafka Connect
P: Kafka Core, Q: Kafka Streams, R: Kafka Connect

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
P: Kafka Core, Q: Kafka Streams, R: Kafka Connect

1 point
Kafka is run as a cluster comprised of one or more servers each of which is called
______________
cTakes
Broker
Chunks

Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
Broker
1 point
Kafka maintains feeds of messages in categories called ____________________
Topics
Chunks
Domains
Messages

Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
Topics
1 point
Each kafka partition has one server which acts as the ______________________
Leader
Follower
Stater

Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
Leader
1 point
Which type of processing Apache Spark can handle
Batch Processing
Stream Processing
Graph Processing
All of the Mentioned

Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
All of the Mentioned

1 point
In Spark, a ______________________is a read-only collection of objects partitioned across a
set of machines that can be rebuilt if a partition is lost.
Spark Streaming
Resilient Distributed Dataset (RDD)
FlatMap
Driver

Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
Resilient Distributed Dataset (RDD)

1 point
_________________________is a distributed graph processing framework on top of Spark.
MLlib
Spark Streaming
GraphX

Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
GraphX
1 point
_____________________ is a distributed machine learning framework on top of Spark.
MLlib
Spark Streaming
GraphX
RDDs

Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
MLlib
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Unit 2 - Week 1: Introduction to Clouds,

 Introduction to Cloud Computing

 Hotspot Mitigation for Virtual Machine Migration

 Week 1: Lecture material

Week 2: Network Virtualization and Geo-distributed Clouds

Assignment submitted on 2018-09-11, 16:11 IST

Only statement 1 is correct

Both statements are false

Yes, the answer is correct.

Software as a service (SaaS)

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

None of the mentioned

Yes, the answer is correct.

Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)

Yes, the answer is correct.

Yes, the answer is correct.

None of the mentioned

Yes, the answer is correct.

______________provide service to any paying customer

Private clouds, Private clouds

Yes, the answer is correct.

Private clouds, Public clouds

No, the answer is incorrect.

P: I,Q: II, R:III, S:IV, T:V

No, the answer is incorrect.

P: III,Q: IV, R:I, S:V, T:II

__________________________method access to OS stats and application logs

Yes, the answer is correct.

Unit 3 - Week 2: Network Virtualization and

 Geo-distributed Cloud Data Centers

 Week 2: Lecture Material

Week 3: Leader Election in Cloud, Distributed Systems and Industry Systems

Assignment submitted on 2018-09-12, 14:18 IST

Yes, the answer is correct.

P: III, Q: IV, R: II, S: I

Yes, the answer is correct.

No, the answer is incorrect.

VLB and ECMP

Yes, the answer is correct.

ii) Use multipath forwarding/tunneling to leverage available network capacity according to

Yes, the answer is correct.

All are true

Yes, the answer is correct.

Both statements are true

No, the answer is incorrect.

Both statements are true

Unit 4 - Week 3: Leader Election in Cloud,

 Leader Election (Ring LE & Bully LE Algorithm)

 Leader Election in Rings (Classical Distributed Algorithms)

 Week 3: Lecture Material

Week 4: Classical Distributed Algorithms and the Industry Systems

Assignment submitted on 2018-09-19, 17:02 IST

send value of own id to the left

 Leader Election (Ring LE & Bully LE Algorithm)

 Leader Election in Rings (Classical Distributed Algorithms)

 Week 3: Lecture Material

Week 4: Classical Distributed Algorithms and the Industry Systems

Assignment submitted on 2018-09-19, 17:02 IST

Yes, the answer is correct.

Yes, the answer is correct.

Yes, the answer is correct.

send value of own id to the left