Fundamental Problems Partial Solutions and Answers

Chapter 1
F1–1 Entire beam:
d+ ©MB = 0; 60 ! 10(2) ! Ay(2) " 0 Ay " 20 kN

Left segment:
:+ ©F = 0;
x NC " 0 Ans.
+ c ©Fy = 0; 20 ! VC " 0 VC " 20 kN Ans.
d+ ©MC = 0; MC # 60 ! 20(1) " 0 MC " !40 kN # m Ans.

F1–2 Entire beam:

d+ ©MA = 0; By(3) ! 100(1.5)(0.75) ! 200(1.5)(2.25) " 0
By " 262.5 N

Right segment:
:+ ©F = 0;
x NC " 0 Ans.
+ c ©Fy = 0; VC # 262.5 ! 200(1.5) " 0 VC " 37.5 N Ans.
d+ ©MC = 0; 262.5(1.5) ! 200(1.5)(0.75) ! MC " 0
MC " 169 N # m Ans.

F1–3 Entire beam:

:+ ©F = 0;
x Bx " 0
d+ ©MA = 0; 20(2)(1) ! By(4) " 0 By " 10 kN

Right segment:
:+ ©F = 0;
x NC " 0 Ans.
+ c ©Fy = 0; VC ! 10 " 0 VC " 10 kN Ans.
d+ ©MC = 0; -MC ! 10(2) " 0 MC " !20 kN # m Ans.

F1–4 Entire beam:

1
d+ ©MB = 0; (10)(3)(2) + 10(3)(4.5) - Ay(6) = 0 Ay " 27.5 kN
2
Left segment:
:+ ©F = 0;
x NC " 0 Ans.
+ c ©Fy = 0; 27.5 ! 10(3) ! VC " 0 VC " -2.5 kN Ans.
d+ ©MC = 0; MC # 10(3)(1.5) ! 27.5(3) " 0 MC " 37.5 kN # m Ans.

F1–5 Entire beam:

:+ ©F = 0;
x Ax " 0
1
d+ ©MB = 0; 300(6)(3) - (300)(3)(1) - Ay(6) = 0 Ay " 825 lb
2
Left segment:
:+ ©F = 0;
x NC " 0 Ans.
+ c ©Fy = 0; 825 ! 300(3) ! VC " 0 VC " -75 lb Ans.
d+ ©MC = 0; MC # 300(3)(1.5) - 825(3) " 0 MC " 1125 lb # ft Ans.

810
 FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEMS PARTIAL SOLUTIONS AND ANSWERS 811

F1–6 Entire beam:

3
d+ ©MA = 0; FBD a b (4) - 5(6)(3) = 0 FBD = 37.5 kN
5

:
+ ©F = 0; 4
x 37.5a b - Ax = 0 Ax = 30 kN
5
3
+ c ©Fy = 0; Ay + 37.5a b - 5(6) = 0 Ay = 7.5 kN
5
Left segment:
:+ ©F = 0;
x NC ! 30 " 0 NC " 30 kN Ans.
+ c ©Fy = 0; 7.5 ! 5(2) ! VC " 0 VC " -2.5 kN Ans.
d+ ©MC = 0; MC # 5(2)(1) ! 7.5(2) " 0 MC " 5 kN # m Ans.

F1–7 Beam: F1–11

p p
©MA = 0; TCD " 2w AA = AC = (0.52) = 0.0625p in2, AB = (12) = 0.25p in2
4 4
©Fy = 0; TAB " w NA 3
sA = = = 15.3 ksi (T) Ans.
AA 0.0625p
Rod AB:
NB -6
P w sB = = = -7.64 ksi = 7.64 ksi (C) Ans.
s = ; 300(103) = ; AB 0.25p
A 10 NC 2
w " 3 N!m sC = = = 10.2 ksi (T) Ans.
AC 0.0625p
Rod CD:
F1–12
P 2w
s = ; 300(103) = ; FAD = 50(9.81) N = 490.5 N
A 15
3
w = 2.25 N>m Ans. + c ©Fy = 0; FAC a b - 490.5 = 0 FAC " 817.5 N
5
2 2 -3 2
F1–8 A = p(0.1 - 0.08 ) = 3.6(10 )p m
:
+ ©F = 0; 4
P 300(103) x 817.5 a b - FAB = 0 FAB " 654 N
savg = = = 26.5 MPa Ans. 5
A 3.6(10 - 3)p p
AAB = (0.0082) = 16(10 - 6)p m2
F1–9 A = 3[4(1)] " 12 in2 4
FAB 654
P 15 (sAB)avg = = = 13.0 MPa Ans.
savg = = = 1.25 ksi Ans. AAB 16(10 - 6)p
A 12
F1–10 Consider the cross section to be a rectangle and
two triangles. F1–13 Ring C:
1 + c ©Fy = 0; 2F cos 60° - 200(9.81) " 0 F " 1962 N
0.15[(0.3)(0.12)] + (0.1)c (0.16)(0.3) d
©y~A 2
y = = F 1962
©A 1 (sallow)avg = ; 150(106) =
0.3(0.12) + (0.16)(0.3) A p 2
2 d
= 0.13 m = 130 mm Ans. 4

P 600(103) d " 0.00408 m " 4.08 mm

savg = = = 10 MPa Ans.
A 0.06 Use d " 5 mm Ans.
812 FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEMS PARTIAL SOLUTIONS AND ANSWERS

F1–14 Entire frame: F1–20

©Fy = 0; Ay = 600 lb :+ ©F = 0; N - 30 = 0
x AB NAB = 30 kip
©MB = 0; Ax = 800 lb :+ ©F = 0; N - 15 - 15 - 30 " 0 N = 60 kip
x BC BC
FA = 2160022 + 180022 = 1000 lb sY 50
sallow = = = 33.33 ksi
FA>2 1000>2 F.S. 1.5
(tA)avg = = p 2
= 10.2 ksi Ans.
4 10.252
A Segment AB:
F1–15 Double shear: NAB 30
sallow = ; 33.33 "
©Fx = 0; 4V - 10 " 0 V = 2.5 kip AAB h1(0.5)
p 3 2
A = a b = 0.140625p in2 h1 = 1.8 in.
4 4
V 2.5 Segment BC:
tavg = = = 5.66 ksi Ans. NBC 60
A 0.140625p sallow = ; 33.33 =
F1–16 Single shear: ABC h2(0.5)
P h2 " 3.6 in.
©Fx = 0; P - 3V = 0 V =
3
p 7 5
A = (0.0042) = 4(10 - 6)p m2 Use h1 = 1 in. and h2 = 3 in. Ans.
4 8 8
P
V 3 F1–21 N=P
(tavg)allow = ; 60(106) =
A -6
4(10 )p sY 250
sallow = = = 125 MPa
F.S. 2
P = 2.262(103) N " 2.26 kN Ans. p
Ar = (0.042) = 1.2566(10 - 3) m2
F1–17 :
+ ©F = 0;
x V - P cos 60° = 0 V = 0.5P 4
Aa-a = 2(0.06 - 0.03)(0.05) " 3(10-3) m2
0.05
A = a b(0.025) = 1.4434(10 - 3) m2 The rod will fail first.
sin 60° N P
V 0.5P sallow = ; 125(106) =
(tavg)allow = ; 600(103) = Ar 1.2566(10 - 3)
A 1.4434(10 - 3)
P = 157.08(103) N " 157 kN Ans.
P = 1.732(103) N " 1.73 kN Ans.
F1–18 The resultant force on the pin is
F = 2302 + 402 = 50 kN. F1–22 :
+ ©F = 0;
x 80 - 2V " 0 V " 40 kN
Here we have double shear: tfail 100
F 50 tallow = = = 40 MPa
V = = = 25 kN F.S. 2.5
2 2 40(103)
V
p
A = (0.032) = 0.225(10 - 3)p m2 tallow = ; 40(106) =
4 A p 2
d
4
V 25(103)
tavg = = = 35.4 MPa Ans. d = 0.03568 m " 35.68 mm
A 0.225(10 - 3)p
Use d " 36 mm Ans.
F1–19 :+ ©F = 0;
x 30 - N = 0 N = 30 kN
sY 250
sallow = = = 166.67 MPa F1–23 V=P
F.S. 1.5
tfail 120
N 30(103) tallow = = " 48 MPa
sallow = ; 166.67(106) = F.S. 2.5
A p 2
d Area of shear plane for bolt head and plate:
4
Ab = pdt = p(0.04)(0.075) = 0.003p m2
d " 15.14 mm
Ap = pdt = p(0.08)(0.03) = 0.0024p m2
Use d = 16 mm Ans.
 FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEMS PARTIAL SOLUTIONS AND ANSWERS 813

Since the area of shear plane for the plate is F2–4

smaller, LBC = 23002 + 4002 = 500 mm
V P
tallow = ; 48(106) = LB$C = 2(300 - 3)2 + (400 + 5)2 = 502.2290 mm
Ap 0.0024p
P = 361.91(103) N = 362 kN Ans. 3
a = = 0.007407 rad
405
F1–24 LB¿C - LBC 502.2290 - 500
1 (PBC)avg = =
d+ ©MB = 0; (300)(9)(6) - 6V(9) = 0 V " 150 lb LBC 500
2 = 0.00446 mm>mm Ans.
tfail 16 p p p
tallow = = = 8 ksi (gA)xy = -u= - a + ab = -a = !0.00741 rad Ans.
F.S. 2 2 2 2
V 150
tallow = ; 8(103) "
A p 2 F2–5
d
4 LAC = 2LCD2 + LAD2 = 23002 + 3002 = 424.2641 mm
d " 0.1545 in.
LA$C $ = 2LC¿D¿2 + LA¿D¿2 = 23062 + 2962 = 425.7370 mm
3
Use d " in. Ans. u LC¿D¿ 306
16 = tan - 1 a b; u = 2 tan - 1 a b = 1.6040 rad
2 LA¿D¿ 296
LA¿C¿ - LAC 425.7370 - 424.2641
(PAC)avg = =
LAC 424.2641
Chapter 2
= 0.00347 mm!mm Ans.
dC 0.2
F2–1 = ; dC = 0.3 mm p p
600 400 (gE)xy = - u = - 1.6040 = -0.0332 rad Ans.
2 2
dC 0.3
PCD = = = 0.001 mm>mm Ans.
LCD 300
Chapter 3
F2–2 F3–1 Material has uniform properties throughout. Ans.
F3–2 Proportional limit is A. Ans.
0.02°
u = a bp rad = 0.3491(10 - 3) rad Ultimate stress is D. Ans.
180°
F3–3 The initial slope of the s - P diagram. Ans.
dB = uLAB = 0.3491(10 - 3)(600) = 0.2094 mm
F3–4 True. Ans.
dC = uLAC = 0.3491(10 - 3)(1200) = 0.4189 mm
F3–5 False. Use the original cross-sectional area
dB 0.2094
PBD = = = 0.524(10 - 3) mm>mm Ans. and length. Ans.
LBD 400
F3–6 False. It will normally decrease. Ans.
dC 0.4189
PCE = = = 0.698(10 - 3) mm>mm Ans. s P
LCE 600 F3–7 P = =
E AE
PL 100(103)(0.100)
F2–3 d = PL = = p 2 9
4 (0.015) 200(10 )
AE
2 4
a = = 0.005 rad b = = 0.01333 rad = 0.283 mm Ans.
400 300
p s P
(gA)xy = - u F3–8 P = =
2 E AE
p p PL
= - a - a + bb d = PL = ;
2 2 AE
= a - b (10 000)(8)
0.003 =
= 0.005 - 0.01333 12E
= -0.00833 rad Ans. E = 2.22(106) psi Ans.
814 FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEMS PARTIAL SOLUTIONS AND ANSWERS

s P P 10(103)
F3–9 P = = F3–13 s = = p = 56.59 MPa
E AE 2
4 (0.015)
A
PL 6(103)4
d = PL = = s 56.59(106)
AE p 2 9
4 (0.01) 100(10 )
Plong = = = 0.808(10-3)
E 70(109)
= 3.06 mm Ans.
Plat = -nPlong = -0.35(0.808(10-3))
= -0.283(10-3)
P 100(103)
F3–10 s = = p 2
= 318.31 MPa dd = (-0.283(10-3))(15 mm) = -4.24(10-3) mm
4 (0.02 )
A
Ans.
Since s 6 sY = 450 MPa, Hooke’s Law is P 50(103)
applicable. F3–14 s = = p 2
= 159.15 MPa
4 (0.02 )
A
sY 450(106) d 1.40
E = " " 200 GPa Pa = = = 0.002333 mm>mm
PY 0.00225 L 600
s 318.31(106) s 159.15(106)
P = = = 0.001592 mm>mm E = = = 68.2 GPa Ans.
E 200(109) Pa 0.002333
d = PL = 0.001592(50) = 0.0796 mm Ans. d¿ - d 19.9837 - 20
Pe = = = -0.815(10-3) mm>mm
d 20
P 150(103) Pe -0.815(10-3)
F3–11 s = = p 2
= 477.46 MPa n = - = - = 0.3493 = 0.349
4 (0.02 )
A Pa 0.002333
Since s 7 sY " 450 MPa, Hooke’s Law is not E 68.21
G = = = 25.3 GPa Ans.
applicable. From the geometry of the stress-strain 2(1 + n) 2(1 + 0.3493)
diagram,
0.5
P - 0.00225 477.46 - 450 F3–15 a = = 0.003333 rad
= 150
0.03 - 0.00225 500 - 450 p p p
P = 0.017493 g = - u = - a - ab
2 2 2
When the load is removed, the strain recovers = a = 0.003333 rad
along a line parallel to the original elastic line. t = Gg = [26(109)](0.003333) = 86.67 MPa
sY 450(106) V P
Here E = " " 200 GPa. t = ; 86.67(106) =
PY 0.00225 A 0.15(0.02)
The elastic recovery is P = 260 kN Ans.
s 477.46(106) 3
Pr = = = 0.002387 mm>mm F3–16 a = = 0.02 rad
E 200(109) 150
Pp = P - Pr = 0.017493 - 0.002387 p p p
g = - u = - a - ab = a = 0.02 rad
= 0.01511 mm>mm 2 2 2
dp = PpL = 0.01511(50) = 0.755 mm Ans. When P is removed, the shear strain recovers
along a line parallel to the original elastic line.
gr = gY = 0.005 rad
dBC 0.2
F3–12 PBC = = = 0.6667(10-3) mm>mm gp = g - gr = 0.02 - 0.005 = 0.015 rad Ans.
LBC 300
sBC = EPBC = 200(109)[0.6667(10-3)] Chapter 4
= 133.33 MPa p
F4–1 A = (0.022) = 0.1(10-3)p m2
Since sBC 6 sY = 250 MPa, Hooke’s Law is valid. 4
FBC FBC 1
sBC = ; 133.33(106) = p 2
dC = {40(103)(400) + [-60(103)(600)]}
ABC 4 (0.003 )
AE
FBC = 942.48 N -20(106) N # mm
=
d+ ©MA = 0; 942.48(0.4) - P(0.6) = 0 AE
P = 628.31 N = 628 N Ans. = -0.318 mm Ans.