.

‫ امنة خالد عبد الزهرة‬: ‫اعداد‬

. ‫ابتسام عبد اهلل‬.‫ د‬: ‫اشراف‬

over jet in different cases of malocclusion

Introduction
• overjet, commonly referred to as buck teeth, refers to the horizontal relationship of the upper
front teeth and the lower front teeth. This condition is characterized by upper incisors that
protrude or stick out far over the lower teeth.A normal overlap of the upper front teeth
measures between two and four millimeters. This is referred to as a Class I overjet. A
patient who has protruding front teeth has a Class II overjet.
• Class II Division I is an incisal classification of malocclusion where the incisal edge of the
mandibular incisors lie posterior to the cingulum plateau of the maxillary incisors with normal or
proclinedmaxillary incisors There is always an associated increase in overjet.
• In the Class II Division 2 incisal classification of malocclusion, the lower incisors occlude posterior
to the cingulum plateau of the upper incisors and the upper central incisors are retroclined.
• The overjet is usually minimal but it may be increased.condition is defined as an overjet measuring
more than four millimeters. Some cases can be slight, around five or six millimeters, while other can
be severe, measuring 10 millimeters or more.
CLASS II DIV I
• Benefits associated with orthodontic treatment include a reduction in the susceptibility to caries,
periodontal disease and temporomandibular joint dysfunction, whilst also improving speech and
masticatory function. However, the supporting evidence is equivocal.
• It may be assumed that correction of an increased overjet will potentially reduce the risk of trauma,
as it has been shown that individuals with an overjet greater than 3 mm (0.12 in)
are twice as likely to suffer injury to their upper incisors.
• overjet is measured from the labial surface of the most prominent incisor to the
labial surface of the mandibular incisor. Normally, this measurement is 2–4 mm
(0.079– 0.157 in). If the lower incisor is anterior to the upper incisors, the overjet
is given a negative value. overjet is generally described as increased if it is >3.5
mm (0.14 in). The Index of Orthodontic Treament Need rates overjet highly on its
weighting system, second behind missing teeth. It then grades severity of overjet
as:
• 1. Grade 3, Borderline need for treatment = increased overjet 3.5 mm (0.14 in) <
6 mm (0.24 in)
• 2. Grade 4, Need for treatment = increased overjet 6 mm (0.24 in) < 9 mm (0.35
in)
• 3. Grade 5, Need for treatment = increased overjet > 9 mm (0.35 in).
 ANGLE CLASS II: DISTOOCCLUSION (OVERJET)

Molar relationship: The molar relationship shows the mesiobuccal groove of the mandibular
first molar is DISTALLY (posteriorly) positioned when in occlusion with the mesiobuccal cusp of
the maxillary first molar. Usually the mesiobuccal cusp of maxillary first molar rests in between
the first mandibular molar and second premolar.
Canine Relationship:The mesial incline of the maxillary canine
occludes ANTERIORLY with the distal incline of the mandibular canine.
The distal surface of the mandibular canine is POSTERIOR to the mesial surface of the
maxillary canine by at least the width of a premolar.
Line of occlusion is not specified but irregular, depending on facial pattern, overcrowded teeth
and space needs.
Retrognatic: convex face profile resulting from a mandible that is too small or maxilla that is too
large

ANGLE CLASS III: MESIOOCCLUSION (NEGATIVE OVERJET)

Molar relationship: The mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first permanent molar occludes
DISTALLY (posteriorly) to the mesiobuccal groove of the mandibular first molar.
Canine Relationship: Distal surface of the mandibular canines are mesial to the mesial surface
of the maxillary canines by at least the width of a premolar Mandibular incisors are in complete
crossbite.
Line of occlusion is not specified but irregular, depending on facial pattern, overcrowded teeth
and space needs.
Prognathic: concave face profile with prominent mandible is associated with Class III
malocclusion.

CAUSES OF OVERJET
• the Overjet is caused by the lower jawbone (mandible) failing to keep up with the forward
growth of the upper jawbone (maxillary). This results in the bottom jawbone, and the teeth in
it, being situated behind their optimal positions for an ideal smileThere are many factors that
can contribute to an overjet, but the most common causes are a lower jaw that is short or
underdeveloped compared with the upper jaw, and childhood habits such as thumb or finger
sucking that persist when adult teeth start to come through.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF OVERJET

• Overjet is one of the various types of dental malocclusion. A malocclusion is defined simply
as imperfect positioning of the teeth when the mouth is closed.
• Malocclusion is typically inherited, making it important to monitor children’s teeth as they are
developing, especially if the parents also have malocclusions.Orthodontic treatment can help
to improve aesthetic concerns and oral function in people of all ages. Some of the most
common symptoms of this type of malocclusion are: (Frequently biting the tongue or inner
cheeksDeveloping a lisp or other speech problems,Discomfort when biting and
chewing,Unbalanced facial appearance,Habitual mouth breathing,Improper teeth
alignment,Inability to seal lips)
GRADES OF MALOCCLUSION
Malocclusion refers to the misalignment of the teeth. An overjet is one of the various types of
malocclusions. When an orthodontist diagnoses a malocclusion, they will categorize it based
on its severity and type.The three primary classifications of malocclusion as follows:
1. Class I malocclusion is when the upper teeth slightly overlap the bottom teeth. The
person’s bite is still considered normal with this most common type of malocclusion.
2. Also called a retrognathism, a. An estimated 25% of the global population have a Class 2
causes the lower jawbone to protrude forward and makes the lower teeth stick out farther
than the upper teeth.
TREATING OVERJET
• Braces, Invisalign, & More ,Dentists diagnose malocclusions routinely and most cases
require no treatment.
• Slight malocclusions are very common. However, when a malocclusion is severe, the dentist
will likely refer the patient to an orthodontist forfurther examination and treatment.The
orthodontist might recommend any of various treatment options including:(Removal of
certain teethDental braces to straighten teeth ,Dental bonding, caps, or
implants,Orthognathic surgery to reform the jawbone,Metal wires or plates to stabilize the
jawbone.)
• Each patient receives a customized treatment plan based on age,orthodontic needs, and
various other personal factors.
• Some common orthodontic treatments for overjet and other malocclusions are traditional
metal braces, Damon braces, lingual braces, clear aligners, tooth extraction, and
orthognathic surgery.
REFERENCES

1. Pubmed - Overjet and overbite distribution and correlation: a comparative epidemiological English-
Iraqi study.
2. Hunt NP. Why should the NHS continue to fund orthodontic treatment in the current financial
climate? Royal College of Surgeons of England: Faculty Dental Journal 2013; 4: 16−19.
3. Lee RT, Kyi CS, Mack GJ. A controlled clinical trial of the effects of the Twin Block and Dynamax
appliances on the hard and soft tissues. Eur J Orthod 2007; 29: 272−282.