 Two electrons cannot occupy a single orbital unless they

have opposite spins, therefore, each orbital is filled singly

by one electron before they are paired with opposite spins.

(i) The arrows signify the direction of the spins of the

electrons and the letters x, y and z show the axis
and position of the p orbitals
(ii) The electron in the 2py orbital is not spinning in
opposite directions with the electron in the 2px
orbital and therefore cannot pair in a single orbital
(iii) The s orbitals have a spherical shape and p orbitals
have a dumbbell shape.