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 Chapter 17 - Combination

Exercise :17.1

Page Number:17.8

Q1.

Answer :

(i) We have,
14 14 13 12 11 n
C3     C0 [∵ n Cr  n 1 Cr 1 ]
3 2 1 r
⇒ 14 C3  364 [∵ n C0  1 ]

(ii) We have,
12
C10 12 C2 [∵ n Cr  n Cn  r ]

12 11 10 n
 12 C10 12 C2    C0 [∵ n Cr  n 1 Cr 1 ]
2 1 r

12 11
12 C10   1 [∵ n C0 1 ]
2 1

12 C10  66

(iii) We have,

35
C35 = 35C0 [∵ n Cr  n Cn  r ]

⇒35C35 =1 [∵ n C0 1 ]

(iv) We have,

n+1
Cn = n+1C1 [∵ n Cr  n Cn  r ]
n 1 n n
 n 1 Cn  n 1 C1   C0 [∵ n Cr  n 1 Cr 1 ]
1 r
n
⇒ Cn = n+1 [∵ C0  1 ]
n+1

(v) We have,

5
5
 Cr 5 C1  5 C2  5 C3  5 C4  5 C5
r 1

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 5
  5 Cr 5 C1  5 C3 5 C3  5 C1  5 C0 [∵ n Cr  n Cn  r ]
r 1

5
5  5 4 3  n
 5 Cr  2    4C0   2      2C0   5C0 [∵ n Cr  n 1 Cr 1 ]
r 1 1  3 2 1  r

5
 5Cr 10  20 1  31. [∵ n C0 1 ]
r 1

Q2.

Answer :

We have,
n
C12 = nC5
 n 12  5 17 [∵ n Cx  n C y  x  y or, n  x  y ]

Q3.

Answer :

We have,
n
C4  n C6
 n  6  4 10 [∵ n Cx  n C y  x  y or, n  x  y ]

12
Now, C10  12 C2 [∵ n Cr  n Cn  r ]
12 11 n
12 C10 12 C2   10 C0 [∵ n Cr  n 1 Cr 1 ]
2 1 r
 12 C10  66 [∵ n C0 1 ]

Q4.

Answer :

Given: nC10 = nC12

We have,
n
C10  n C12
 n 12  10  22 [∵ n Cx  n C y  x  y or, n  x  y ]

23
Now, C22  23 C1 [∵ n Cr  n Cn  r ]
23 n
 23 C22  23 C1  22 C0 [∵ n Cr  n 1 Cr 1 ]
1 r
 23 C22  23 [∵ n C0 1 ]

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Q5.

Answer :

Given:
24
Cx = 24C22x+3
We have,
24  x  2 x  3 [∵ n Cx  n C y  x  y or, n  x  y ]
 24  3 x  3 3 x  21 x  7

Q6.

Answer :

Given:
18
Cx = 18Cx+2

n n
By using Cx  C y  x  y or n  x  y we get,
18  x  x  2 2 x 16 x  8

Q7.

Answer :

Given:
15
C3r = 15Cr+3
15  3r  r  3. [∵ n Cx  n C y  x  y or, n  x  y ]
 15  4r  3 4r 12 r  3

Q8.

Answer :

Given:
8
Cr − 7C3 = 7C2
We have,
8
C r  7 C 2  7 C3
 8 Cr 8 C3 [∵ n Cr  n Cr 1  n 1 Cr r  n ]
 r  3 [∵ n Cx  n C y  x  y or, n  x  y ]

And r  3  8 r  5

Q9.

Answer :

Given:
15
Cr : 15Cr-1 = 11 : 5

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We have,
15
Cr 11
15

Cr 1 5

n
15  r  1 11 C n  r 1
  [∵ n r  ]
r 5 Cr 1 r

 75  5r  5 11r16r  80 r  5

Q10.

Answer :

We have, n+2C8 : n-2P4 = 57 : 16

n2
C8 57
 n2

P4 16


 n  2 !   n  6 !  57
8!  n  6  !  n  2  ! 16


 n  2   n  1 n  n  1  n  2 !  1

57
8!  n  2 ! 16
57 19  3
  n  2   n  1 n  n  1   8!   8  7  6  5  4  3  2 1
16 16
  n  2   n  1 n  n  1  143640
  n  1 n  n  1  n  2   19  3  7  6  5  4  3
  n  1 n  n  1  n  2   19   3  7    6  3   4  5 
  n  1 n  n  1  n  2   18  19  20  21
 n  1  18
 n  19

Q11.

Answer :

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We have, 28C2r2:24C2r-4= 225 : 11
28
C2 r 225
 24

C2 r  4 11


28!

 2r  4 !  28  2r !  225
2r !  28  2r  ! 24! 11
28  27  26  25 225
 
2r  2r  1  2r  2   2r  3 11
28  27  26  25 11
 2r  2r  1  2r  2   2r  3 
225
 2r  2r  1  2r  2   2r  3  28  3  26 11
 2r  2r  1  2r  2   2r  3  4  7  3 13  2 11
 2r  2r  1  2r  2   2r  3   2  7   13   3  4   11
 2r  2r  1  2r  2   2r  3  14 13 12 11
 2r  14
r 7

Q12.

Answer :

4n
C2 n 1.3.5...  4n  1

Cn 1.3.5...  2n  1  2
2n
 
4n
C
LHS  2 n 2 n
Cn


 4n  !  n ! n !
 2n ! 2n  !  2n !
2
 4n   4n  1   4n  2    4n  3 .................3  2  1   n !
 2
 2n   2n  1   2n  2  .......3  2 1  2n  !
2
1 3  5........  4n  1   2  4  6...............4n    n !
 2 2
1 3  5  .........  2n  1   2  4  6  .......2n    2n  !
2
1 3  5........  4n  1   2 2 n  1 2  3..........2n   n !
  2 2
1 3  5  .........  2n  1   22 n 1 2  3  .......n   2n  !
2
1 3  5........  4n  1   2n  ! n !
  2 2
1 3  5  .........  2n  1   n !  2n  !

 1 3  5........  4n  1   RHS

2
1 3  5  .........  2n  1 
Hence, proved .

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Q13.

Answer :

Given: 2nC3 : nC2  44 : 3

2nC3 44

nC2 3
2n ! 2!  n  2  ! 44
  
3!  2n  3 ! n! 3
2n  2n  1  2n  2  44
 
3 n  n  1 3
  2n  1  2n  2   22  n  1
 4n 2  6n  2  22n  22
 4n 2  28n  24  0
 n 2  7n  6  0
 n 2  6n  n  6  0
 n  n  6   1 n  6   0
  n  1  n  6   0

Now, n  1 2C3 : 2C2  44 : 3

But, this is not possible.
∴ n6

Q14.

Answer :

Given:
16
Cr  16 Cr  2

16  r  r  2 [∵ Property 5: n Cx  n C y  x  y or x  y  n ]
 2r  2 16 2r 14 r  7

Now, r C4  7 C4
 7 C4  7 C3 [∵ n Cr  n Cn  r ]
7 6 5 n
 7 C4  7 C3    4 C0 [∵ n Cr  . n 1 Cr 1 ]
3 2 1 r
7 n
 C4  35 [∵ C0 1 ]

Q15.

Answer :

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Given:
5
20
C5   25  r C4
r 2

5
20
C5   25  r C4
r 2

 20C5  23 C4  22C4  21C4  20C4

  20

C4  20C5  21 C4  22 C4  23 C4

22
 21 C5  21 C4  C4  23 C4 [∵ n Cr 1  n Cr  n 1 Cr ]
  21

C4  21 C5  22 C4  23 C4
 22 C5  22 C4  23 C4 [∵ n Cr 1  n Cr  n 1 Cr ]
 23 C5  22 C4  23 C4
 23 C5  23 C4  24 C5 [∵ n Cr 1  n Cr  n 1 Cr ]

25! 24  23  22  21 20
   42504
19!5! 5  4  3  2 1

Q16.

Answer :

Let 2n negative integers be  r  ,   r  1 ,  r  2  ,....,...,  r  2n  1 .

2n
Then, product =  1  r  r  1 r  2  ,....,...  r  2n  1

 r  1!  r  r  1  r  2  ......  r  2n  1
 r  1!

 r  2n  1!
 r  1!
 r  2n  1!  2n !
  
 r  1! 2n !
 r  2 n 1C2 n   2n  !
This is divisible by  2n  !.

Q17.

Answer :

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 2n
LHS  Cn  2 nCn 1


 2n  !   2n  !
n ! n !  n  1 !  2n  n  1 !


 2n  !   2n  !
n ! n !  n  1 !  n  1 !


 2n  !   2n  !
n  n  1 ! n !  n  1 !  n  1 n !


 2n  !  1  1 
n !  n  1 !  n n  1 


 2n  !  2n  1 
 
n !  n  1 !  n  n  1 


 2n  1!
n !  n  1 !
1 2 n 2
RHS  Cn 1
2


1   2n  2  ! 
 
2   n  1 !  2n  2  n  1 !
1   2n  2  ! 
  
2   n  1 !  n  1 !
1   2n  2   2n  1 !
  
2   n  1 n !  n  1 ! 

1  2  n  1  2n  1 !
  
2   n  1 n !  n  1 !


 2n  1!
n !  n  1 !

∴ LHS = RHS

Q18.

Answer :

Since nC4 , nC5 and nC6 are in AP.

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∴ 2. nC5 = nC4 + nC6
n! n! n!
 2  
5! n  5  ! 4! n  4  ! 6! n  6  !
2 1 1
  
5  4! n  5  n  6  ! 4! n  5  n  4  n  6  ! 6  5  4! n  6  !
2 1 1
  
5  n  5   n  5  n  4  30
2 1 1
  
5  n  5   n  5  n  4  30
2n  8  5 1
 
5  n  5  n  4  30
2n  13 1
 
 n  5 n  4  6
 12n  78  n 2  9n  20
 n 2  21n  98  0
  n  7  n  14   0
 n  7 and 14

Q19.

Answer :


C2 


  1  C n
[∵ n Cr  . n 1 Cr 1 ]
0
2 1 r

1
    1 [∵ n C0  1 ]
2

1 m
  C2  m C2  1 
2  
1  m!  m! 
   1 
2  2!  m  2  !  2!  m  2  !  

1  m  m  1  m  m 1 
   1
2  2  2  
1  m  m  1  m  m 1  2  
   
2  2  2  
1
  m  m  1 m  m  1  2
8
1 2
  m 2  m 1  2m  m 1 
8  
1
  m 2  m 2  1  2m  -2 m 2  2m 
8

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 1
  m 4  m 2  2m3  2m 2  2m 
8
1
  m 4  2m3  m 2  2m
8
1
  m 2  2m   m 2  1 
8  
1
  m  m  2   m  1  m 1 
8
1
  m 1 m  m  1  m  2 
8

Q20.

Answer :

(a)
n
Cr n  r 1
n

Cr 1 r
n
Cr
LHS  n
Cr 1


n!

 r  1!  n  r  1!
r!  n  r  ! n!


 n  r  1  n  r !  r 1!
r  r  1 !  n  r  !
n  r 1
  RHS
r

∴ LHS  RHS

(b)
LHS  n. n1Cr 1
n  n  1 !

 r  1!  n  1  r  1!
n!

 r  1!  n  r !

RHS   n  r  1 nCr
n!
  n  r  1
 r 1!  n  r  1!
n!
  n  r  1
 r 1!  n  r  1 n  r !

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 n!

 r  1!  n  r !

∴ LHS = RHS

(c)
nCr n

n  1Cr1 r

n
Cr
LHS  n 1
Cr 1


n!

 r  1 !  n  1  r  1!
r!  n  r  !  n 1!
n  n  1 !  r  1!  n  r !
 
r  r 1 !  n  r  !  n  1!
n
  RHS
r

∴ LHS = RHS

(d)
n
Cr  2. n Cr 1  n Cr  2  n  2 Cr

LHS  n Cr 2.n Cr 1  n Cr  2   n
 
Cr  n Cr 1  n
Cr 1  n Cr  2 
n 1 n 1
 Cr  Cr 1 [∵ nCr  nCr 1  n 1Cr ]
 n2 Cr [∵ nCr  nCr 1  n 1Cr ]
= RHS
∴ LHS = RHS

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Exercise :17.2

Page Number:17.15

Q1.

Answer :

15
Required number of ways = C11

Now, 15 C11 15 C4

15 14 13 12 11
=      C0
4 3 2 1

= 1365

Q2.

Answer :

Clearly, out of the 25 boys and 10 girls, 5 boys and 3 girls will be chosen.

25
Then, different boat parties of 8 = C5 10 C3

25! 10!
 
5! 20! 3! 7!
25  24  23  22  21 10  9  8
 
5  4  3  2 1 3  2 1
 6375600

Q3.

Answer :

We are given that 2 courses are compulsory out of the 9 available courses,
Thus, a student can choose 3 courses out of the remaining 7 courses.
7! 7  6  5  4!
Number of ways = 7 C3    35
3! 4! 3  2  1 4!

Q4.

Answer :

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Number of ways in which 11 players can be selected out of
16 16! 16  15 14 13 12
C11    4368
11!5! 5  4  3  2 1
(i) If 2 particular players are included, it would mean that out of 14 players, 9 players are
selected.
14 14! 14 13 12 1110
Required number of ways = C9    2002
9!5! 5  4  3  2 1

(ii) If 2 particular players are excluded, it would mean that out of 14 players, 11 players
are selected.
14 14! 14  13  12
Required number of ways = C11    364 .
11!3! 3  2 1

Q.5

Answer :

Clearly, 2 professors and 3 students are selected out of 10 professors and 20 students,
respectively.
10 10 9 20 19 18
Required number of ways = C2 20 C3       51300
2 1 3 2 1

(i) If a particular professor is included, it means that 1 professor is selected out of the
remaining 9 professors.
20 20 19 18 9
Required number of ways = C3 9 C1     10260
3 2 1 1

(ii) If a particular student is included, it means that 2 students are selected out of the
remaining 19 students.
19 19 18 10 9
Required number of ways = C2 10 C2      7695
2 1 2 1

(iii) If a particular student is excluded, it means that 3 students are selected out of the
remaining 19 students.
19 19 18 17 10 9
Required number of ways = C3 10 C2       43605
3 2 1 2 1

Q6.

Answer :

Required number of ways of getting different products = 4C2+4C3 +4C4 = 6 + 4 + 1 = 11

Q7.
Answer :

Two girls who won the prizes last year are to be included in every selection.
So, we have to select 8 students out of 12 boys and 8 girls, choosing at least 4 boys and
2 girls.

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Number of ways in which it can be done =
12
C6 8 C2  12 C5 8 C3  12 C4 8 C4  25872  44352  34650 104874

Q8.

Answer :

(i) Required ways of selecting 4 books from 10 books without any restriction =
10 10 9 8
C4     7  210
4 3 2

(ii) Two particular books are selected from 10 books. So, 2 books need to be selected
from 8 books.
8 7
Required number of ways if 2 particular books are always selected = 8 C2    28
2 1

(iii) Two particulars books are never selected from 10 books. So, 4 books need to be
selected from 8 books.
Required number of ways if two particular books are never selected =
8 8 7 6 5
C4      70
4 3 2 1

Q9.

Answer :

(i) From 4 officers and 8 jawans, 6 need to be chosen. Out of them, 1 is an officer.
8! 8  7  6  5!
Required number of ways = 4 C1  8 C5  4   4  224
5!3! 5!6

(ii) From 4 officers and 8 jawans, 6 need to be chosen and at least one of them is an
officer.
Required number of ways = Total number of ways – Number of ways in which no officer
is selected
12! 8! 12  11  10  9  8  7 8  7
12 C6 8 C6      924  28 896
6! 6! 6! 2! 6  5  4  3  2  1 2

Q10.

Answer :

A sports team of 11 students is to be constituted, choosing at least 5 students of class XI

and at least 5 from class XII.
Required number of ways =
20
 
C5 20 C6  20 C6 20 C5  2 20 C5 20 C6  2 20C6  20C5 .

Q11.

Answer :

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The various possibilities for answering the 10 questions are given below:
(i) 4 from part A and 6 from part B.
(ii) 5 from part A and 5 from part B.
(iii) 6 from part A and 4 from part B.
∴ Required number of ways = 6 C4 7 C6  6 C5 7 C5  6 C6 7 C4

6! 7! 7!
  7  6  1  105  126  35 266 .
4! 2! 5! 2! 4!3!

Q12.

Answer :

A student has to answer 4 question out of 5 questions.

Since questions 1 and 2 are compulsory, he/she will have to answer 2 question from the
remaining 3.
∴ Required number of ways = 3 C2  3

Q13.

Answer :

Required ways = 6 C5 6 C2  6 C4 6 C3  6 C3 6 C4  6 C2 6 C5

 
 2 6 C5 6 C2  6 C4 6 C3  2  90  300  2  390  780

Q14.

Answer :

Number of straight lines formed joining the 10 points, taking 2 points at a time =
10 10 9
C2    45
2 1
Number of straight lines formed joining the 4 points, taking 2 points at a time =
4 4 3
C2    6
2 1
But, when 4 collinear points are joined pair wise, they give only one line.
∴ Required number of straight lines = 45  6 1 40

Q15.

Answer :

A polygon of n sides has n vertices. By joining any two vertices we obtain either a side or
a diagonal.

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 n n  n  1
∴ Number of ways of selecting 2 out of 9  C2 
2
Out of these lines, n lines are the sides of the polygon.

n  n  1 n  n  3
∴ Number of diagonals = n 
2 2

(i) In a hexagon, there are 6 sides.

6  6  3
∴ Number of diagonals = 9
2

(ii) There are 16 sides.

16 16  3
∴ Number of diagonals =  104
2

Q16.

Answer :

Out of 12 points, 5 points are collinear and 3 points are required to form a triangle.
12 11 10 5 4 3
Required ways 12 C3 5 C3        220 10  210 .
3 2 1 3 2 1

Q17.

Answer :

5 persons are to be selected out of 6 men and 4 women. At least, one woman has to be
selected in all cases.

Required number of ways  4 C1 6 C4  4C2 6 C3  4C3 6 C2  4 C4 6 C1

 60  120  60  6
 246

Q18.

Answer :

52 families have at most 2 children, while 35 families have more than 2 children.
The selection of 20 families of which at least 18 families must have 2 children can be
made in the ways given below.
(i) 18 families out of 52 and 2 families out of 35
(ii) 19 families out of 52 and 1 family out of 35
(iii) 20 families out of 52
∴ Required ways = 52 C18  35 C2  52 C19  35 C1  52 C20  35 C0

Q19.

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Answer :

Each set of parallel lines consists of  m  2  lines.

Each parallelogram is formed by choosing two lines from the first set and two straight
lines from the second set.
2
∴ Total number of parallelograms = m2
C2  m  2 C2   m2
C2 
Q20.

Answer :

A decagon has 10 sides.

n  n  3 10 10  3
(i) Number of diagonals =   35
2 2
10 10 9 8
(ii) Number of triangles (i.e. 3 sides are to be selected) = C3    120
3 2 1

Q21.

Answer :

(i) Number of straight lines formed joining the 18 points, taking 2 points at a time =
18 18 17
C2   153
2 1
Number of straight lines formed joining the 5 points, taking 2 points at a time =
5 5 4
C 2    10
2 1
But, when 5 collinear points are joined pair wise, they give only one line.
∴ Required number of straight lines = 153 10 1144

(ii) Number of triangles formed joining the 18 points, taking 3 points at a time =
18 18 17 16
C3     816
3 2 1
Number of straight lines formed joining the 5 points, taking 3 points at a time =
5 5 4 3
C3    10
3 2 1
∴ Required number of triangles = 816 10  806

Q22.

Answer :

There are 4 kings in the deck of cards.

So, we are left with 48 cards out of 52.

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 48
∴ Required combination = C1 4 C4  48 C2 4 C3  48 C3 4 C2  48 C4 4 C1
 48  4512  103776  778320 886656

Q23.

Answer :

6 people are to be selected from 8.

There are two case.

(i) When A is selected, then B must be chosen.
Number of ways  6 C4  15

(ii) When A is not chosen:

Number of ways  7 C6  7

∴ Total number of ways = 15 + 7 = 22

Q24.

Answer :

3 boys and 3 girls are to be selected from 5 boys and 4 girls.

5 4 3 4 3 2
∴ Required ways = 5 C3 4 C3        40 .
3 2 1 3 2 1

Q25.

Answer :

6! 5! 5!
Required number of ways = 6 C3 5 C3 5 C3     2000 .
3!3! 3! 2! 3! 2!

Q26.

Answer :

There are total 4 aces in the deck of 52 cards. So, we are left with 48 cards.
4 48 47 46 45
∴ Required ways = 4 C1 48 C4       778320 .
1 4 3 2 1

Q27.

Answer :

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Out of 17 players, 11 need to be selected. There are 5 bowlers, of which four must be
selected in the team. So, we have to choose 7 players from the remaining 12 players.
12!
Required number of ways = 5 C4 12 C7  5   5  792  3960 .
7!5!

Q28.

Answer :

2 black and 3 red balls are to be selected from 5 black and 6 red balls.
5 4 6 5 4
Required number of ways = 5 C2 6 C3       200 .
2 1 3 2 1

Q29.

Answer :

2 courses are compulsory out of the 9 available courses. There are 7 more courses.
So, we need to choose 3 courses out of 7 courses.
7 6 5
∴ Required number of ways = 7 C3     35
3 2 1

Q30.

Answer :

A committee of 7 has to be formed from 9 boys and 4 girls.

(i) When the committee consists of exactly 3 girls:

4 3 2 9 8 7 6
Required number of ways = 4 C3 9 C4         504
3 2 1 4 3 2 1

(ii) When the committee consists of at least 3 girls:

Required number of ways = 4 C3 9 C4  4 C4 9 C3  504  84  588

(iii) When the committee consists of at most 3 girls:

Required number of ways =

4
C0 9 C7  4 C1 9 C6  4 C2 9 C5  4 C3 9 C4  36  336  756  504 1632

Q31.

Answer :

A question paper consists of 12 questions divided into 2 parts, one with 5 and the other
with 7 questions.
A student has to attempt 8 questions out of the 12 questions by selecting at least 3 from
each part.
∴ Required number of ways = 5 C3 7 C5  5 C4 7 C4  5 C5 7 C3  210  175  35  420

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Q32.

Answer :

A group consists of 4 girls and 7 boys. Out of them, 5 are to be selected to form a team.
(i) If the team has no girls, then the number of ways of selecting 5 members =
7 7! 7  6
C5    21
5! 2! 2

(ii) If the team has at least 1 boy and 1 girl, then the number of ways of selecting 5
members
=  4 C1 7 C4  4 C2 7 C3  4 C3 7 C2  4 C4 7 C1 140  210  84  7  441 .

(iii) If the team has at least 3 girls, then the number of ways of selecting 5 members
= 4 C3 7 C2  4 C4 7 C1  84  7  91 .

Q33.

Answer :

A committee of 3 people is to be constituted from a group of 2 men and 3 women.

∴ Number of ways = 2 C0 3 C3  2 C1 3 C2  2 C2 3 C1  1  2  3  3  1  10

Number of committees consisting of 1 man and 2 women = 2 C1 3 C2  6 .

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Exercise :17.3

Page Number:17.23

Q1.

Answer :

2 out of 5 vowels and 3 out of 17 consonants can be chosen in 5 C2  17 C3 ways.

Thus, there are 5 C2  17 C3 groups, each containing 2 vowels and 3 consonants.
Each group contains 5 letters, which can be arranged in 5! ways.
∴ Required number of words =  5

C2  17 C3 5! = 6800 120  816000

Q2.

Answer :

A tea party is arranged for 16 people along two sides of a long table with 8 chairs on
each side.
4 people wish to sit on side A (say) and two on side B (say).
Now, 10 people are left, out of which 4 people can be selected for side A in 10C4 ways.
And, from the remaining people, 6 people can be selected for side B in 6C6 ways.
∴ Number of selections = 10 C4 6 C6
Now, 8 people on each side can be arranged in 8! ways.
2
∴ Total number ways in which the people can be seated = 10 C4  6 C6  8! 8! 10C4   8!

Q3.

Answer :

A businessman hosts a dinner for 21 guests.

15 people can be accommodated at one table in 21C15 ways. They can arrange
themselves in 15  1 !  14! ways.
The remaining 6 people can be accommodated at another table in 6C6 ways. They can
arrange themselves in  6  1 !  5! ways.
∴ Total number of ways = 21 C15 6 C6  14! 5!  21 C15  14! 5! .

Q4.

Answer :

There are 11 letters in the word EXAMINATION, namely AA, NN, II, E, X, M, T and O.
The four-letter word may consist of
(i) 2 alike letters of one kind and 2 alike letters of the second kind

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(ii) 2 alike letters and 2 distinct letters
(iii) all different letters
Now, we shall discuss the three cases one by one.

(i) 2 alike letters of one kind and 2 alike letters of the second kind:
There are three sets of 2 alike letters, namely AA, NN and II.
Out of these three sets, two can be selected in 3C2 ways.
So, there are 3C2 groups, each containing 4 letters out of which two are alike letters of
one kind and two 2 are alike letters of the second kind.
4!
Now, 4 letters in each group can be arranged in ways.
2! 2!
∴ Total number of words that consists of 2 alike letters of one kind and 2 alike letters of
4!
the second kind = 3 C2   3  6  18
2! 2!

(ii) 2 alike and 2 different letters:

Out of three sets of two alike letters, one set can be chosen in 3C1 ways.
Now, from the remaining 7 letters, 2 letters can be chosen in 7C2 ways.
Thus, 2 alike letters and 2 distinct letters can be chosen in  3

C1 7 C2 ways.
So, there are  3

C1 7 C2 groups of 4 letters each.
4!
Now, the letters in each group can be arranged in ways.
2!
∴ Total number of words consisting of 2 alike and 2 distinct letters =
4!
 3

C1  7 C2 
2!
 756
(iii) All different letters:
There are 8 different letters, namely A, N, I, E, X, M, T and O. Out of them, 4 can be
selected in 8C4 ways.
So, there are 8C4 groups of 4 letters each. The letters in each group can be arranged in
4! ways.
∴ Total number of four-letter words in which all the letters are distinct = 8 C4  4! 1680

∴ Total number of four-letter words = 18 + 756 + 1680 = 2454

Q5.

Answer :

There are 10 letters in the word PROPORTION, namely OOO, PP, RR, I, T and N.
(a) The four-letter word may consists of
(i) 3 alike letters and 1 distinct letter
(ii) 2 alike letters of one kind and 2 alike letters of the second kind
(iii) 2 alike letters and 2 distinct letters
(iv) all distinct letters

Now, we shall discuss these four cases one by one.

(i) 3 alike letters and 1 distinct letter:
There is one set of three alike letters, OOO, which can be selected in one way.
Out of the 5 different letters, P, R, I, T and N, one can be selected in5C1 = 5 ways.
(ii) There are 3 sets of two alike letters, which can be selected in 3C2 = 3 ways.
(iii) There are three sets of two alike letters, which can be selected in 3C1 ways.

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Now, from the remaining 5 letters, 2 letters can be chosen in 5C2 ways.
Thus, 2 alike letters and 2 different letters can be selected in 3C1×5C2 = 30 ways.
(iv) There are 6 different letters.
Number of ways of selecting 4 letters = 6C4 = 15

∴ Total number of ways = 5+ 3 + 30 + 15 = 53

(b) The four-letter word may consists of

(i) 3 alike letters and 1 distinct letter
(ii) 2 alike letters of one kind and 2 alike letters of the second kind
(iii) 2 alike letters and 2 distinct letters
(iv) all distinct letters

Now, we shall discuss these four cases one by one.

(i) 3 alike letters and 1 distinct letter:
There is one set of three alike letters, OOO, which can be selected in one way.
Out of the 5 different letters, P, R, I, T and N, one can be selected in5C1 ways.
4!
These four letters can be arranged in ways.
3!1!
4!
∴ Total number of ways = 5 C1   20
3!1!
(ii) There are 3 sets of two alike letters, which can be selected in 3C2 ways.
4!
Now, the letters of each group can be arranged in ways.
2! 2!
4!
∴ Total number of ways = 3 C2   18
2! 2!
(iii) There are three sets of two alike letters, which can be selected in 3C1 ways.
Now, from the remaining 5 letters, 2 letters can be chosen in 5C2 ways.
Thus, 2 alike letters and 2 different letters can be selected in 3C1×5C2 = 30 ways.
4!
Now, the letters of each group can be arranged in ways.
2!
4!
∴ Total number of ways = 30   360
2!
(iv) There are 6 different letters.
So, the number of ways of selecting 4 letters is 6C4 = 15 and these letters can be
arranged in 4! ways.
∴ Total number of ways = 15 × 4! = 360

∴ Total number of ways = 20 + 18 + 360 + 360 = 758

Q6.

Answer :

There are 9 letters in the word MORADABAD, namely AAA, DD, M, R, B and O.
The four-letter word may consists of
(i) 3 alike letters and 1 distinct letter
(ii) 2 alike letters of one kind and 2 alike letters of the other kind
(iii) 2 alike letters and 2 distinct letters
(iv) all different letters

(i) 3 alike letters and 1 distinct letter:

There is one set of three alike letters, AAA, which can be selected in one way.

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Out of the 5 different letters D, M, R, B and O, one can be selected in 5C1 ways.
4!
These four letters can be arranged in ways.
3!1!
4!
∴ Total number of ways = 5 C1   20
3!1!

(ii) There are two sets of two alike letters, which can be selected in 2C2 ways.
4!
Now, the letters of each group can be arranged in ways.
2! 2!
4!
∴ Total number of ways = 2 C2  6
2! 2!

(iii) There is only one set of two alike letters, which can be selected in 2C1 ways.
Now, from the remaining 5 letters, 2 letters can be chosen in 5C2 ways.
Thus, 2 alike letters and 2 different letters can be selected in 2C1×5C2 = 20 ways.
4!
Now, the letters of each group can be arranged in ways.
2!
4!
∴ Total number of ways = 20   240
2!

(iv) There are 6 different letters A, D, M,B, O and R.

So, the number of ways of selecting 4 letters is 6C4, i.e. 15, and these letters can be
arranged in 4! ways.
∴ Total number of ways = 15 × 4! = 360
∴ Total number of ways = 20 + 6 + 240 + 360 = 626

Q7.

Answer :

There are 4 vowels and 4 consonants in the word INVOLUTE.

Out of these, 3 vowels and 2 consonants can be chosen in  4

C3 4 C2 ways.
The 5 letters that have been selected can be arranged in 5! ways.
∴ Required number of words =  4

C3  4 C2  5!  4  6  120  2880

Q8.

Answer :

We have n different things.

We are to select r things at a time such that two specified things occur together.
Remaining things = n -2
Out of the remaining (n -2) things, we can select (r -2) things in n -2Cr -2 ways.
Consider the two things as one and mix them with (r -2) things.
Now, we have (r -1) things that can be arranged in (r -1)! ways.
But, two things can be put together in 2! ways.

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 n2
 Required number of ways  Cr  2   r  1 ! 2!
n2
 2  r  1 Cr  2   r  2  !
n2
 2  r  1 Pr  2

Q9.

Answer :

There are six letters in the word MONDAY.

(i) 4 letters are used at a time:

Four letters can be chosen out of six letters in 6C4 ways.
So, there are 6C4 groups containing four letters that can be arranged in 4! ways.
6! 6!
∴ Number of ways = 6 C4  4!   4!   360
4! 2! 2!

(ii) All the letters are used at a time:

This can be done in 6C6 ways.
So, there are 6C6 groups containing six letters that can be arranged in 6! ways.
∴ Number of ways = 6 C6  6! 1 720  720

(iii) All the letters are used, but the first letter is a vowel:
There are two vowels, namely A and O, in the word MONDAY.
For the first letter, out of the two vowels, one vowel can be chosen in 2C1 ways.
The remaining five letters can be chosen in 5C5 ways.
So, the letters in 5C5 group can be arranged in 5! ways.
∴ Number of ways = 2 C1 5 C5  5!  2  1 5!  240

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Chapter 17 VSA

Page Number:17.24

Q1.

Answer:

We know:

n
Cr  nCr 1  n 1
Cr
m
nr
 Cr  nC0  n 1C1  n 2C2  n 3C3  ...  n mCm
r 0

 nC0  n 1
C0
m
  n  r Cr  n 1
C0  n 1C1  n  2C2  n 3C3  ...  n  mCm
r 0

Using nCr 1  nCr  n 1

Cr :
m
  n  r Cr  n2
C1  n  2C2  n 3C3  ...  n  mCm
r 0
m
  n  r Cr  n 3
C2  n 3C3  ...  n mCm
r 0

Proceeding in the same way:

m m
n r n m nm n  m 1
 Cr  Cm1  Cm  Cm  n  rCr  n  m 1
Cm
r 0 r 0

Q2.

Answer:
35
Cn+7 = 35C4n- 2 n

n
n  7  4n  2  35 [ Cx n C y  n  x  y or x  y ]

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 5n  30 n  6And , n  7  4n  2 n3
Q3.

Answer:

An n-sided polygon has n vertices. By joining any two vertices of the polygon, we obtain either a
side or a diagonal of the polygon. Number of line segments obtained by joining the vertices of an
n-sided polygon if we take two vertices at a time = Number of ways of selecting 2 out of n = nC2
Out of these lines, n lines are sides of the polygon.

n n  n  1 n  n  3
Number of diagonals of the polygon = C2  n  n
2 2
Q4.

Answer:

n
Cr 1  nCr 1  2.n Cr
  n
Cr 1  n Cr    n
Cr  n Cr 1   n Cr  n Cr 1  n 1 Cr 
 n 1 Cr 1  n 1 Cr  n Cr  n Cr 1  n 1 Cr 
 n  2 Cr 1
Q5.

Answer:

We know:

n
Cr 1  nCr  n 1
Cr

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Now, we have :
6
56  r
 C3  50C4
r 1

 C3  54 C3  53 C3  52 C3  51 C3  50 C3  50 C4
55

55 C3  54 C3  53 C3  52 C3  51 C3  51 C4
55 C3  54 C3  53 C3  52 C3  52 C4
55 C3  54 C3  53 C3  53 C4
55 C3  54 C3  54 C4
55 C3  55 C4
56 C4
Q6.

Answer:

Total number of ways in which the letters can be put = 3! = 6 Suppose, out of the three letters,
one has been put in the correct envelope. This can be done in 3C1, i.e. 3, ways. Now, out of three,
if two letters have been put in the correct envelope, then the last one has been put in the correct
envelope as well. This can be done in 3C3, i.e. one way. Number of ways = 3 + 1 =4 Number of
ways in which no letter is put in the correct envelope = 6 - 4 = 2

Q7.

Answer:

We know that two lines are required for one point of intersection. 7 Number of points of
8 7
intersection = 8 C2    28
2 1

Q8.

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Answer:

A parallelogram is formed by choosing two straight lines from a set of four parallel lines and two
straight lines from a set of three parallel lines. Two straight lines from the set of four parallel
lines can be chosen in 4C2 ways and two straight lines from the set of three parallel lines can be
chosen in 3C2 ways.

4! 3!
4! 3! Number of parallelograms that can be formed = 4C2  3C2    6  3 18
2! 2! 2!1!

Q9.

Answer:

4 white and 5 red balls are to be selected from 8 white and 10 red balls. Required number of
ways = 8 C4 10 C5

Q10.

Answer:

Number of groups in which 12 boys are to be divided = 3 Now, 4 boys can be chosen out of 12
boys in  C4 8 C4 4 C 12 4  ways. These groups can be arranged in 3! ways.

12
C4  8 C 4  4 C4 12! 8! 12!
Total number of ways =   .
3! 4! 8! 4! 4! 3!  4!3  3!

Q11.

Answer:

2 out of 4 vowels and 3 out of 5 consonants can be chosen in 4 C2  5 C3 ways. The total number of
letters is 5. These letters can be arranged in 5! ways. Total number of words = 4 C2  5 C3  5!

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Chapter 17 MCQ

Page Number:17.25

Q1.

Answer:

(b)816

r    r  1 0   20   [ n Cx n C y  n  x  y  or  x  y ] 

 2r  1 0   20 2r    30  r  1 5

Now, 

18
Cr 18 C15

 18 C15    18 C3

18 17
18 C3      16   816
3 2

Q2.

Answer :

(b) 56
r    r    4   20 [∵ n Cx n C y   n  x  y  or  x  y ]
 2r    4    20  2r  1 6  r    8

Now, r C3    8 C3
8 8! 8  7  6
C3          56
3! 5! 3  2  1

Q3.

Answer :

(c) 3
3r    r    3 1 5 [∵ n Cx n C y   n  x  y  or  x  y ]
  4r    3 1 5  4 r  1 2  r    3

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Q4.

Answer :

(a) 10
r  1    r  1    20 [∵ n Cx n C y   n  x  y  or  x  y ]
  2r    20  r  1 0

Q5.

Answer :

(a) 231
n
C12   n C8
 n  1 2   8   20 [∵ n Cx n C y   n  x  y  or  x  y ]

Now, 22 Cn   22 C20

22 21
    
2 1
   231

Q6.

Answer :

(c) 2 m = n (n − 1)

m
C1 = nC2

m! n!
 
1!  m  1 ! 2!  n  2  !

m   m  1 ! n   n  1   n  2  !
 
 m  1! 2  n  2  !
   2m    n   n  1

Q7.

Answer :

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(a) 20

n  1 2   8   20        [∵ n Cx n C y   n  x  y  or  x  y ]

Q8.

Answer :

(d) r + 1

nCr    nCr 1    n  1Cx [Given]

We have:
 n Cr   n Cr 1    n 1 C x [∵ n Cr   n Cr 1    n 1 Cr ]
  n 1 Cr 1    n 1 C x
 r  1  x      [∵ n Cx n C y   n  x  y  or  x  y ]

Q9.

Answer :

(b) 3

n n
a 2  a   2   4 [∵ C x  C y  n  x  y  or  x  y ]
  a 2    a    6   0
 a 2   3a    2a    6    0
  a   a  3    2  a  3   0
   a  2    a  3   0
 a  2 or  a  3
But, a  2 is not possible.
∴ a   3

Q10.

Answer :

(b) 31

5
C1  5 C2  5 C3  5 C4  5 C5
  5 C1    5 C2    5 C2    5 C1    5 C5

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  2  5 C1    2   5C2    5 C5
5!
  2   5   2    1   
2! 3!
 1 0   20  1  
  31

Q11. 

Answer :

(c) 7200
2 out of 4 vowels can be chosen in 4C2 ways and 3 out of 5 consonants can be chosen in
5
C3 ways.
 
Thus, there are C2  5 C 4 3 groups, each containing 2 vowels and 3 consonants.
Each group contains 5 letters that can be arranged in 5! ways.
∴ Required number of words =  4

C2  5 C3  5!   60 1 20   7200

Answer:

(c)64

12!
Number of straight lines joining 12 points if we take 2 points at a time =12C2       66
2!1 0!

Number of straight lines joining 3 points if we take 2 point at a time = 3C2 =3

But, 3 collinea points, when joined in pairs, give only one line.

Required Number of straight lines = 66 3 1

    64

Q13. 

Answer :

(a) 60
Three persons can take 5 seats in 5C3 ways. Moreover, 3 persons can sit in 3! ways.
∴ Required number of ways =  5 C3  3! 1
  0  6   60

Q14. 

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Answer :

(a) 246

 Required  number  of  ways  4 C1   6C4   4 C2   6C3    4 C3   6C2    4 C4   6C1
  60  1 20   60   6  
        246

Q15. 

Answer :

(b) 40
Number of straight lines formed by joining the 10 points if we take 2 points at a time =
10 10 9
C2         45
2 1
Number of straight lines formed by joining the 4 points if we take 2 points at a time =
4 4 3
C2          6
2 1
But, 4 collinear points, when joined in pairs, give only one line.
∴ Required number of straight lines = 45   6 1   40

Q16. 

Answer :

(b) 78

4 out of 13 players are bowlers.

In other words, 9 players are not bowlers.
A team of 11 is to be selected so as to include at least 2 bowlers.

 Number  of  ways    4 C2 9 C9    4C3 9 C8    4C4 9 C7

  6    36   36 
         78

Q17. 

Answer :

(b) 150

If set S has n elements, then C   n, k  is the number of ways of choosing k elements from
S.
Thus, the number of subsets of S of all possible values is given by

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C  n,0     C  n,1    C  n,3    ...   C  n, n     2n
Comparing the given equation with the above equation:
   2n    256  2n    28  n    8

16! 16 15
 2 n C2    16 C216 C2     1 20
2!1 4! 2

Q18. 

Answer :

(c) 12C8 − 10C6

A host lady can invite 8 out of 12 people in 12C8 ways. Two out of these 12 people do not
want to attend the party together.
∴ Number of ways = 12C8 − 10C6

Q19. 

Answer :

(b) 156
We need at least three points to draw a circle that passes through them.
Now, number of circles formed out of 11 points by taking three points at a time = 11C3 =
165
Number of circles formed out of 5 points by taking three points at a time = 5C3 = 10
It is given that 5 points lie on one circle.

∴ Required number of circles = 165- 10 + 1 = 156

Q20. 

Answer :

(d) 120

Number  of  committes  that  can  be  formed    6C3    4C2

6! 4!
  
3! 3! 2! 2!
6   5   4 4   3
    
3   2 2
 1 20

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Q21. 

Answer :

(a) 12

r    6   3r  1    43 [∵ n Cx n C y   n  x  y  or  x  y ]

  4r    5   43   4r    48  r  1 2

Q22

Answer :

(a) 20

An octagon has 8 vertices.

n   n  3
The number of diagonals of a polygon is given by .
2
8  8  3
∴ Number of diagonals of an octagon =    20 .
2

Q23. 

Answer :

(b) 28 − 2

 C0  7C1    7C1  7C2    7C2  7C3    7C3  7C4    7C4  7C5    7C5  7C6    7C6  7C7 
7

 1   2   7C1   2   7C2   2   7C3   2   7C4   2   7C5   2   7C6   1 

 1  2  7C1    2   7C2   2   7C3   2   7C3   2   7C2   2   7C6   1 
  2    22   7C1  7C2    7C3  

 7 7 6 
  2    22   7       6           5 
 2 3 2 
  2    252 
  254 
  28    2

Q24. 

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Answer :

(c) 264

Among 14 players, 5 are bowlers.

A team of 11 players has to be selected such that at least 4 bowlers are included in the
team.
 Required  number  of  ways  5C4  9C7    5C5   9C6
 1 80   84 
      264

Q25. 

Answer :

(b) 140

Suppose there are two friends, A and B, who do not attend the party together.
If both of them do not attend the party, then the number of ways of selecting 6 guests
= 8C6 = 28
If one of them attends the party, then the number of ways of selecting 6 guests = 2.8C5 =
112
∴ Total number of ways = 112 + 28 = 140

Q26. 

Answer :

(c) 5
  n1C3  2  nC2

 
 n  1!   2  n!
3!  n  2  ! 2!  n  2  !

 
 n  1  n !    2  n!
3  2!  n  2  ! 2!  n  2  !
  n  1   6
  n     5

Q27. 

Answer :

(d) 18
A parallelogram can be formed by choosing two parallel lines from the set of four parallel
lines and two parallel lines from the set of three parallel lines.
Two parallel lines from the set of four parallel lines can be chosen in 4C2 ways and two

parallel lines from the set of 3 parallel lines can be chosen in 3C2 ways.
4! 3!
∴ Number of parallelograms that can be formed = 4C2  3C2        6 3 1  8 .
2! 2 ! 2! 1!

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