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Chapter 22 - Brief Review of Cartesian System and Rectangular Coordinates.

Exercise: 22.1

Question 1.

Solution:

From the figure,

OP 2  x12  y12
OQ 2  x2 2  y2 2
2 2
PQ 2   x2  x1    y2  y1 
Using cosine formula in OPQ
PQ 2  OP 2  OQ 2  2OP·OQ cos 
2 2
  x2  x1    y2  y1   x12  y12  x2 2  y2 2  2OP·OQ cos 
 x2 2  x12  2 x1 x2  y2 2  y12  2 y1 y2  x12  y12  x2 2  y2 2  2OP·OQ cos 
 2 x1 x2  2 y1 y2  2OP·OQ cos 
 OP·OQ cos   x1 x2  y1 y2

Question 2.

Solution:

a2  c2  b2
Consider, cos B  , where a  BC , b  CA, c  AB are the length of a sides of the
2ac
triangle ABC
Thus,
2 2
a  BC   2  9    1  2   49  9  58

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 2 2
b  AC   0  9   0  2  81  4  85
2 2
c  AB   2  0    1  0   4 1  5
Apply cosine formula:
a2  c2  b2
cos B 
2ac
58  5  85 11
 cos B  
2 58  5 290

Question 3.

Solution:

Consider the area of a triangle with vertices  x1 , y1  ,  x2 , y2  and  x3 , y3  is:

1
Area 
2
 x1  y2  y3   x2  y3  y1   x3  y1  y2 
1
 Area of DBC  3  2  3 x   4  3 x  5   x  5  2 
2
 Area ofDBC  7  2 x  1
1 49
 Area of ABC  6  5  2   3  2  3   4  3  5  
2 2
Therefore,
Δ DBC 1

Δ ABC 2
7  2 x  1 2 1

49 2
11
x
2

Question 4.

Solution: The given points are A (2, 0), El (9, 1), C (11, 6) and D (4, 4). Let us find the length of
all the sides of the quadrilateral ABCD.
2 2
AB   2  9    0  1  50  5 2
2 2
BC  11  9    6  1  29
2 2
CD   4  11   4  6   49  4  53
2 2
AD   4  2   4  0  4  16  2 5
 AB  BC  CD  AD , quadrilateral ABCD is not a rhombus.

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Question 5.

Solution: The coordinate of the in-centre of a triangle whose vertices are:

 ax  bx2  cx3 ay1  by2  cy3 
A  x1 , y1  , B  x2 , y2  and C  x3 , y3  are  1 ,  where a  BC , b  AC
 abc abc 
And c = AB. Let A (-36, 7), B (20, 7) and C (0, -8) be the coordinates of the vertices of the given
triangle.
Now,
2 2
a  BC   20  0    7  8  25
2 2
b  AC   0  36    8  7   39
2 2
c  AB   20  36    7  7   56
Thus, the coordinates of the in Centre of the triangle are:
 25   36   39  20  0 25  7  39  7  56  8 
 , 
 25  39  56 25  39  56 
 120 
= ,0 
 120 
=  1, 0 
Hence, the coordinates of the centre of the circle inscribed in a triangle whose vertices are (-36, 7), (20,
7) and (0, -8) is (-1, 0).

Question 6.

Solution: Let ABC be an equilateral triangle, where BC = 2a. Let A(x, 0) be the third vertex of
 ABC.

In equilateral triangle ABC

AB=BC=AC
AB 2  BC 2  AC 2

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 2
 a 2  x 2   2a   BC  2a 
 x 2  3a 2
 x   3a
Hence, the vertices of the triangles are:
  
 0, a  ,  0, a  and 3a, 0 or  0, a  , 0, a  and  3a, 0 
Question 7.

Solution: The points are P  x1 , y1  and Q  x2 , y2 

Distance between P and Q is:
2 2
PQ   x1  x2    y1  y2 
(i) When PQ is parallel to Y-axis
In case, x1  x2
2 2
 PQ   x1  x1    y1  y2   y1  y2

(ii) When PQ is parallel to x-axis:

In this case, y1  y2
2 2
 PQ   x1  x2    y1  y1   x1  x2

Question 8.

Solution: Let C(x, 0) be a point on the x-axis, which is equidistant from the points A(7, 6) and
8(3, 4).
Therefore, AC= BC
 AC 2  BC 2
2 2 2 2
  7  x    6  0  3  x    4  0
 49  x 2  14 x  36  9  x 2  6 x  16
 85  14 x  25  6 x
 60  8 x
15
 x
2
 15 
Thus, the point on the x-axis, which is equidistant from the points (7, 6) and (3, 4) is  , 0 
 2 

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Exercise: 22.2

Page Number:22.18

Question 1.

Solution: Let P(h, k) be the point which is equidistant from the point (2, 4) and the y-axis. The
distance of point P(h, k) from the y-axis is h.

2 2
h   h  2   k  4
 h 2  4h  4  k 2  8k  16  h 2
 k 2  4h  8k  20  0

Hence, the locus of  h, k  is y 2  4 x  8 y  20  0

Question 2.

Solution: Let A(2, 0) and 8(1, 3) be the given points. Let P (h, k) be a point such that PA:PB =
5:4
PA 5
 
PB 4
2 2
 h  2   k  0 5
 
2
 h  1   k  3
2 4
Squaring both sides:
16  h 2  4h  4  k 2   25  h 2  2h  1  k 2  6k  9 
 9h 2  9k 2  64h  50h  150k  64  250  0
 9h 2  9k 2  14h  150k  186  0

Hence, the locus of  h, k  is 9 x 2  9 y 2  14 x  150 y  186  0

Question 3.

Solution: Consider A  ae, 0  and B  ae, 0  be the point. Let P(h,K) be a point such that
PA  PB  2a

2 2 2 2
  h  ae    k  0    h  ae    k  0   2a
2 2
  h  ae   k 2  2a   h  ae   k2

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Squaring both sides:

2
h 2  a 2 e2  2aeh  k 2  4a 2  h 2  a 2e 2  2aeh  k 2  4a  h  ae   k2
2
 aeh  2a 2  aeh  2a  h  ae   k2
2
 eh  a   h  ae   k2  a  0 
Squaring again:

e2 h 2  a 2  2aeh  h 2  a 2e 2  2aeh  k 2
 e 2 h 2  a 2  h 2  a 2 e2  k 2
  
 a 2 e2  1  h 2 e2  1  k 2 
h2 k2
  1

a 2 a 2 e2  1 
x2 y 2
Hence, the locus of  h, k  is
a 2
 2  1, whereb2  a 2 e2  1
b
 

Question 4.

Solution: Let the two perpendicular lines be the coordinate axes. Let AB be a rod of length /and the
coordinates of A and B be (a, 0) and (0, b) respectively. As the rod AB slides, the values of a and b
change. Let P(h, k) be a point on AB.

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Here, BP: AP=1:2
a0 0  2b
h  ,k
3 3
3k
 a  3h, b 
2

The length of the given rod is l

 AB  l
 a 2  b2  l
 a 2  b2  l 2
Use equation (1)
2
 3k 
 9h 2     l 2
 2 
k2 l2
 h2  
4 9

y2 l 2
Hence, the locus of  h, k  is x 2  
4 9

Question 5.

Solution: Let P(h, k) be a point that is equidistant from A(1, 3) and the x-axis.
Now, the distance of the point P(h, k) from the x-axis is k.
Therefore, AP= k

 AP 2  k 2
2 2
  h  1   k  3  k 2
 h 2  2h  1  k 2  6 k  9  k 2
 h 2  2h  6k  10  0

Hence, the locus of  h, k  is x 2  2 x  6 y  10  0

Question 6.

Solution: Let P(h, k) be a point. Let 0(0, 0) be the origin. So, the distance of point P(h, k) from
the x-axis is k

 OP  3k
2
 OP 2   3k 

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 2 2 2
  h  0    k  0    3k 
 h 2  k 2  9k 2
 h2  8k 2

Hence, the locus of  h, k  is x 2  8 y 2

Question 7.

Solution: Let P  h, k  be a point. Let the given point be A(5,3) and B(3,-2)
1
 Area ofABP 
2
 x1  y2  y3   x2  y3  y1   x3  y1  y2 
1
9
2
5  2  k   3  k  3  h  3  2 
 5h  2k  19  18
 5h  2k  19  18 or 5h  2k  19  18
 5h  2k  37  0 or 5h  2k  1  0

Hence, the locus of  h, k  is 5 x  2 y  37  0 or 5 x  2 y  1  0

Question 8.

Solution: Consider the line x cos   y sin   p

We need to find the intersection of the above line with the coordinate axes Let us put x= 0, and
y= 0, respectively.
Thus,
At x=0, 0  y sin   p  y  p cos ec
At y=0, x cos   0  p  x  p sec 
So, the points on the axes are A  p sec  , 0  and B  0, p cos ec 
Let P  h, k  be the mid-point of the line AB.

p sec   0 0  p cos ec

h  and k 
2 2
p p
 cos   and sin  
2h 2k
2 2
Since, sin   cos   1

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 2 2
 p  p 
      1
 2h   2 k 
1 1 4
 2 2  2
h k p
1 1 4
Hence, the locus of  h, k  is 2
 2  2
x y p

Question 9.

Solution: Consider the points A  2, 0  and B  2, 0  let P  h, k  be the point such that
APB  90 ,
Thus,
 AB 2  AP 2  BP 2
2 2 2
 2  2  0   h  2  k 2   h  2  k 2
 16  h 2  4  4h  k 2  h 2  4  4h  k 2
 h2  k 2  4

Hence, the locus of  h, k  is x 2  y 2  4

Question 10.

Solution: let the coordinates of P be  h, k  , let the given point be A  1,1 and B  2,3
1
 Area of PAB  x1  y2  y3   x2  y3  y1   x3  y1  y2 
2
 8  2  1 3  k   2  k  1  h 1  3
 16  3  k  2k  2  2h
 16  2h  3k  5
 2h  3k  5  16 or 2h  3k  5  16
 2h  3k  11  0 or 2h  3k  21  0

Hence, the locus of  h, k  is 2 x  3 y  11  0 or 2 x  3 y  21  0

Question 11:

Solution: Consider the coordinates of Q be  a, b  which lies on the parabola y 2  x

 b2  a
Let P  h, k  be the mid-point of OQ
Now,

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 0a 0b
h and k 
2 2
 a  2h and b  2k

Putting a  2h and b  2k in the equation:

2
 2k   2h
2
 2k  h

Hence, the locus of  h, k  is 2 y 2  x

Question 12:

Solution:

Consider P  h, k  be a point. Let the point is A  0, 2  and B  0, 2 

AP  BP  6
2 2 2 2
 h  0   k  2   h  0   k  2 6
2 2
h2   k  2   6  h2   k  2 

Squaring both sides:

2 2 2
h 2   k  2   36  h 2   k  2   12 h 2   k  2 
2
= h 2  k 2  4  4k  36  h 2  k 2  4  4k  12 h 2   k  2 
2
= 3 h 2   k  2   9  2k

 
= 9 h 2  k 2  4  4k  81  4k 2  36k
2 2
= 9h  5k  45  0

Hence, the locus of  h, k  is 9 x 2  5 y 2  45  0

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Exercise: 22.3

Page Number:22.21

Question 1.

Solution: Substitute, x X a c, y Y b ,

Thus,
2 2
 X  a  c  a   Y  b  b   r2
2
  X  c  Y 2  r2
 X 2  Y 2  2cX  r 2  c 2

Hence, the transformed equation is X 2  Y 2  2cX  r 2  c 2

Question 2.

ab
Solution: Substitute, x  X  ,y Y 0,
a b
Thus,
2
 ab  2
  ab 
 a  b   X    Y   2ab   X  0
 ab    a b 
 a 2b 2 2abX  2a 2b 2
 a  b  X 2  2
  Y 2
  2 abX  0
  a  b  a b  a b
 
2 2
ab 2a 2b 2

 a  b X 2  Y 2  
a b
 2abX  2abX 
a b
0

a 2b 2
2
 a  b X  Y  2

a b
0
2
 a  b X 2

 Y 2  a 2b 2

2
Hence, the transformed equation is  a  b  X 2

 Y 2  a 2b 2

Question 3.

Solution:

(i) Substitute, x  X  1, y  Y  1 ,
Thus,

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 2
 X  1   X  1Y  1  3  X  1  Y  1  2  0
 X 2  2 X  1  XY  X  Y  1  3 X  3  Y  1  2  0
 X 2  XY  0

Hence, the transformed equation is x 2  xy  0

(ii) Substitute, x  X  1, y  Y  1 ,
Thus,
2 2
 X  1  Y  1
 2  X  1  2 Y  1  0
 X  2 X  1  Y 2  2Y  1  2 X  2  2Y  2  0
2

 X 2 Y 2  0

Hence, the transformed equation is x 2  y 2  0

(iii) Substitute, x  X  1, y  Y  1 ,
Thus,
 X  1Y  1   X  1  Y  1  1  0
 XY  X  Y  1  X  1  Y  1  1
 XY  0

Hence, the transformed equation is xy  0

(iv) Substitute, x  X  1, y  Y  1 ,
Thus,
2
 X  1Y  1  Y  1   X  1  Y  1  0
 XY  X  Y  1  Y 2  1  2Y  X  1  Y  1  0
 XY  Y 2  0

Hence, the transformed equation is xy  y 2  0

Question 4:

Solution: Let the origin be shifted to (h, k). Then, x = X+ h and y= Y+ k

Substituting x = X+ h and y= Y+ kin the equation x2 + xy- 3x - y+ 2 = 0, we get:

2
 X  h    X  h Y  k   3  X  h   Y  k   2  0
 X 2  2hX  h 2  XY  kX  hY  hk  3 X  3h  Y  k  2  0
 X 2  XY  X  2h  k  3  Y  h  1  h 2  hk  3h  k  2  0
Thus,

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2h  k  3  0, h  1  0, h 2  hk  3h  k  2  0
 h  1, k  1, h 2  hk  3k  h  2  0

Also, h=1 and k=1 satisfies the equation h 2  hk  3k  h  2  0

Hence, the origin should be shifted to the point (1,1)

Question 5

Solution: Consider A  2,3 , B  5, 7  and C  3, 1 be the vertices of triangles

1
 Area of ABC  x1  y2  y3   x2  y3  y1   x3  y1  y2 
2
1
 2  7  1  5  1  3  3  3  7 
2
1
 16  20  12
2
4

Since, origin shift to (-1,3),

Therefore,

A  2  1,3  3 , B  5  1, 7  3 , and C   3  1,  1  3
or A  3, 0  , B  6, 4  , and C   2,  4 
Now, area of A ' B ' C '
1
= x1  y2  y3   x2  y3  y1   x3  y1  y2 
2
1
 3  4  4   6  4  0   2  0  4 
2
4

Hence, the area of the triangle remains invariant.

Question 6.

Solution:

(i) The equation is x 2  xy  3 y 2  y  2  0

Substitute, x  X  1, y  Y  1 ,
Thus,
2 2
 X  1   X  1Y  1  3 Y  1  Y  1  2  0
 X 2  1  2 X  XY  X  Y  1  3Y 2  3  6Y  Y  1  2  0
 X 2  XY  3Y 2  3 X  6Y  0

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Hence, the transformed equation is x 2  xy  3 y 2  3x  6 y  0

(ii) The equation is xy  y 2  x  y  0

Substitute, x  X  1, y  Y  1 ,
Thus,
2
 X  1Y  1  Y  1   X  1  Y  1  0
 XY  X  Y  1  Y 2  2Y  1  X  1  Y  1  0
 XY  Y 2  0

Hence, the transformed equation is xy  y 2  0

(iii) The equation is xy  y  x  1  0

Substitute, x  X  1, y  Y  1 ,
Thus,
 X  1Y  1   X  1  Y  1  1  0
 XY  X  Y  1  X  1  Y  1  1  0
 XY  0

Hence, the transformed equation is xy  0

(iv)The equation is x 2  y 2  2 x  2 y  0
Substitute, x  X  1, y  Y  1 ,
Thus,
2 2
 X  1  Y  1
 2  X  1  2 Y  1  0
 X  2 X  1  Y 2  2Y  1  2 X  2  2Y  2  0
2

 X 2 Y 2  0

Hence, the transformed equation is x 2  y 2  0

Question 7.

Solution:

Let the origin shifted to  h, k  Substitute, x  X  1, y  Y  1 ,

(i) Substitute, x  X  1, y  Y  1 , in the equation is y 2  x 2  4 x  8 y  3  0

Substitute, x  X  1, y  Y  1 ,
Thus,

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 2 2
Y  k    X  h  4  X  h   8 Y  k   3  0
 Y 2  2kY  k 2  X 2  2hX  h 2  4 X  4h  8Y  8k  3  0
 X 2  Y 2  X  2h  4   Y  2k  8  k 2  h 2  4h  8k  3  0

And,
2h  4  0, 2k  8  0
 h  2, k  4
Hence, the origin should be shifted to the point  2, 4 

(ii) Substitute, x  X  1, y  Y  1 , in the equation is x 2  y 2  5 x  2 y  5  0

Thus,
2 2
 X  h   Y  k   5  X  h   2 Y  k   5  0
 X  2hX  h  Y 2  2kY  k 2  5 X  5h  2Y  2k  5  0
2 2

 X 2  Y 2  X  2h  5   Y  2k  2   k 2  h2  5h  2k  5  0

And,
2h  5  0, 2k  2  0
5
 h  , k  1
2
5 
Hence, the origin should be shifted to the point  , 1
2 
(iii) Substitute, x  X  1, y  Y  1 , in the equation is x 2  12 x  4  0
Thus,
2
 X  h  12  X  h   4  0
 X  2hX  h 2  12 X  12h  4  0
2

 X 2  X  2h  12   h 2  12h  4  0

And,
2h  12  h  6
Hence, the origin should be shifted to the point  6, k  , k  R

Question 8

Solution: Let the vertices of the given triangles be A  4, 6  , B  7,10  and C 1, 2  be the vertices
of triangles

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 1
 Area of ABC  x1  y2  y3   x2  y3  y1   x3  y1  y2 
2
1
 4 10  2   7  2  6   1 6  10 
2
1
 48  56  4  6
2

Since, origin shift to (-2,1),

Therefore,
A  4  2, 6  1 , B  7  2,10  1 and C  1  2, 2  1
or A  6, 5  , B  9, 9  and C   3, 3

Now, area of A ' B ' C '

1
x1  y2  y3   x2  y3  y1   x3  y1  y2 
2
1
 6  9  3  9  3  5   3  5  9 
2
6

So, the area of the triangle is 6 sq. units.

Hence, area of the triangle remains invariant.

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Exercise: 22.Very Short Answer Type

Page Number:22.21

Question 1.

Solution: The coordinates of circumcentre of a triangle are the intersection of perpendicular

bisectors of any two sides of the triangle.

a b
Thus, the coordinates of circumcentre of triangle OAB are  ,  , as shown in the figure.
2 2

Question 2:

Solution: The coordinates of circumcentre of a triangle are the point of intersection of

perpendicular bisectors of any two sides of the triangle.

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 a b
Thus, the coordinates of the circumcentre of triangle OAB is  ,  ,as shown in the figure. We
2 2
know that the orthocentre of a triangle is the intersection of any two altitudes of the triangle. So,
the orthocentre of triangle OAB is the origin 0(0, 0).
Therefore, distance between the circumcentre and orthocentre of OAB  OC

2 2
a  b  a2  b2
 OC    0     0  
2  2  2

Question 3:

Solution: The intersection point of three altitudes of a triangle are called orthocenter

60 3
So, slope of AB= 
48 2
2
And slope of ON   Product of slopes  1
3
2
 y  0   x  0
3
2
y x
3
Equation of BM
x4
 8
On solving the above equations we get  4,  as the coordinates of orthocenter
 3

Question 4:
Solution: Consider A  1, 6  , B  2, 5 and C  7, 2  be the vertex of parallelogram ABCD and let
the coordinates of D be  x, y 

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Since, the diagonal of parallelogram bisect each other.
1  7 2  x 6  2 5  y
 and 
2 2 2 2
 x  4 and y  1
Hence, the coordinates of the forth vertex D are  4,1

Question 5:
Solution: For the points (a, 0),  at12 , 2at1  and  at2 2 , 2at2  to be collinear, the following
condition has to be met:
a 0 1
2
at1 2at1 1  0
at2 2 2at2 1
 
 a  2at1  2at2   0  1 2a 2t12t2  2a 2t1t2 2  0
 2a 2  t1  t2   2a 2t1t2  t1  t2   0
 2a 2  t1  t2 1  t1t2   0
And,
  t1  t2   0 or 1  t1t2   0  a  0 
 1  t1t2  0  t1  t2 
 t1t2  1

Question 6:
Solution
Disclaimer: In the question it should have been the coordinates of the mid points of AB and AC
are (3, 5) and (-3, —3)

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Given: the coordinates of the midpoints of AB and AC are (3,5) and (-3, —3) Let, D and E be
the midpoints of AB and AC, respectively.

2 2
 DE  3   3   5   3 

 6 2  82
 100
 10 units
Now, D and E are midpoint of AB and AC respectively,
By the mid-point theorem,

BC  2  DE
 2 10 units
 20 units

Question 7:
Solution

Let the coordinates of the circumcentre of the triangle be C(x, y). Let the points 0(-3, 5) and
G(3, 3) represent the coordinates of the orthocentre and centroid, respectively.
We know that the centroid of a triangle divides the line joining the orthocentre and circumcentre
in the ratio 2:1.

3 1  2 x 5 1  2 y
3  and 3 
3 3
 x  6, y  2
Hence, the coordinates of the circumcentre is (6, 2).

Question 8:

Solution: Let A(0,0), B(5, 0) and C(0, 12) be the vertices of the given triangle. In-centre /of a
triangle with vertices A  x1 , y1  , B  x2 , y2  and C  x3 , y3  is given by:
 ax  bx2  cx3 ay1  by2  cy3 
I  1 ,  where a = BC, b = AC and c = AB.
 abc abc 
Now,
2 2
a  BC   5  0    0  12   13

b  AC  0  122  12
c  AB  0  52  5

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  13  0  12  5  5  0 13  0  12  0  5  12 
I   , 
 13  12  5 13  12  5 
 60 60 
 I  ,    2, 2 
 30 30 

Hence, the coordinates of the in-centre of the triangle with vertices at (0, 0), (5, 0) and (0, 12) is
(2, 2).

Question 9:

Solution: Let P(1, -1), Q(2, -1) and R(4, -3) be the mid-points of the sides AB, BC and CA,
respectively, of  ABC.
Let A  x1 , y1  , B  x2 , y2  and C  x3 , y3  be the vertices of  ABC.
Since, P is the mid-point of AB,
x1  x2 y  y2
 1, 1  1
2 2
Q is the mid-point of BC.
x x y  y3
 1 3  4, 1  3
2 2
R is the mid-point of AC.
x x y  y3
 1 3  4, 1  3
2 2
Adding equations (1), (2) and (3), we get:
x1  x2  x3  1  2  4  7
y1  y2  y3  1  1  3  5
 x  x  x y  y2  y3   7 5 
 Centroid of ABC   1 2 3 , 1  , 
 3 3  3 3 
 7 5 
Hence, the coordinates of the centroid of the triangle is  , 
3 3 

Question 10:

Solution: Let A(a, b+ c), 8(b, c+ a) and C(c, a+ b) be the vertices of the the given triangle.

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 1
 Area of ABC  x1  y2  y3   x2  y3  y1   x3  y1  y2 
2
1
 a c  a  a  b   b  a  b  b  c   c b  c  c  a 
2
1
 a c  b  b  a  c   c b  a 
2
1
 ac  ab  ab  bc  bc  ac
2
0
Hence, area of the triangle with vertices at (a, b+ c), (b, c+ a) and (c, a+ b) is O.

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