Transformer protection RET670

Exercise 3 – Differential protection

Open CT and OLTC adjustment

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 Exercise 3 - Open CT and OLTC adjustment

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The software or hardware described in this document is furnished under a

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mentioned in this document may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
respective holders.

ABB AB
Substation Automation Products
SE-721 59 Västerås
Sweden
Telephone: +46 (0) 21 34 20 00
Facsimile: +46 (0) 21 14 69 18
www.abb.com/substationautomation

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Exercise 3 - Open CT and OLTC adjustment

Transformer differential protection open CT and

OLTC adjustment

On completion of this exercise you should be able to understand

 the open CT detection feature
 the online on-load tap-changer compensation

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 Exercise 3 - Open CT and OLTC adjustment

Transformer differential protection

This exercise is based on the configuration in figure 1, i.e., a three winding transformer protection.

Transformer Data:
80 / 80 / 30 MVA
145±9*1,67% / 22 / 11 kV
318 / 2099 / 1574 A
YNd5d11

140 kV Bus
RET670
140kV/110V Meter.
CV MMXU

500/1 Meter. Meter. 49 Ith

C MMXU C MSQI TR PTTR

300/1 84 ↑↓
TCM YLTC
11 kV Bus W1 87N IdN/I 87T 3Id/I
W3 W2 REF PDIF T3W PDIF
1500/1

2000/1 Meter. Meter. 49 Ith 24 U/f>

C MMXU C MSQI TR PTTR OEX PVPH
22kV/110V
Y
Y
Ñ

Meter. Mont.
CV MMXU DRP RDRE

Function Function
configured not configured

22 kV Bus ANSI IEC ANSI IEC

IEC61850 IEC61850

Figure 1: A protection application for a three winding transformer in single breaker arrangement

Figure 1 shows all included functionality in the configuration. Function blocks in black are configured and the
rest indicate possible additions.

Prerequisite
Exercise 1 is finished and the IED is ready for testing (configuration, parameters, signal matrix
and eventually the graphical display is written into the IED).

Test set with 6 current outputs and milliAmpere source are available.

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Exercise 3 - Open CT and OLTC adjustment

Open CT detection

Open CT detection

Figure 2: Open CT detection settings

1. Set OpenCTEnable Off

Figure 3: Through load situation

2. Inject ILxHVSec and ILxMVSec

3. Wait at least 1 minute

4. Disconnect IL1HVSec (pull out the connection)

5. What happed.

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 Exercise 3 - Open CT and OLTC adjustment

It is possible to detect and avoid tripping due to an open current circuit (one phase out of three). This function is
only active after a certain time (1 min after energization) and during normal load (10-110% IBias).

Simulate normal load situation at rated power (see exercise 1).

The HV-side currents for injection:

IL1HVSec = 0.636 Ð0°
IL2HVSec = 0.636 Ð240°
IL3HVSec = 0.636 Ð120°

The MV-side currents for injection:

IL1MVSec = 1.05 Ð30°
IL2MVSec = 1.05 Ð270°
IL3MVSec = 1.05 Ð150°

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Exercise 3 - Open CT and OLTC adjustment

Figure 4: Open CT detection settings

6. Set OpenCTEnable On

7. Inject ILxHVSec and ILxMVSec

Figure 5: Use the HMI to observe the output signals

8. Use the Local HMI and navigate to Tests/Functions status/Differential

protection/TransformerDiff3Wind(PDIF,87T)

9. Wait at least 1 minute

10. Disconnect IL1HVSec (pull out the connection)

11. Which output signals are set (1)

12. Observe IDLxMAG and IBias

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 Exercise 3 - Open CT and OLTC adjustment

On the local HMI under Tests/Function status/... it’s

possible to observe the binary signals related to
Open CT and IdiffAlarm.
IDALARM: High differential currents
OPENCT: Open CT declared
OCTSIDE: Side of the transformer (1, 2 or 3)
OPENCTIN:
OPENCTPH: Phase indication
OPENCTAL: Delayed OPENCT

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Exercise 3 - Open CT and OLTC adjustment

On-line OLTC compensation

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 Exercise 3 - Open CT and OLTC adjustment

The differential function has a built-in facility to

on-line compensate for load tap changer
movement. We are going to include the tap-
changer shown in figure 1 to be able to reduce
IdMin below 0.25∙Irated.

Figure 6: Signal Matrix Milliampere Input

13. Start Application Configuration

14. Insert MainApplication (a work sheet)

15. Include the SMMI function block

16. Connect hardware module MIM_6 and channel

CH1

17. Connect variable OLTC_MA to output AI1

Figure 7: Tap changer control and supervision

18. Include the TCMYLTC function block in the

configuration

19. Connect variable GRP_OFF and OLTC_MA

according to figure above

20. Connect variable OLTC_ERR and OLTC_POS

according to figure above

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Exercise 3 - Open CT and OLTC adjustment

The tap changer position is simulated by a milliampere signal so we need to include a SMMI-function block in
the configuration.

You have updated the Signal Matrix, since you did the connection between the SMAI-block and the MIM_6

We cannot connect the mA-signal direct to the differential function block. It must pass the Tap-changer control
and supervision function block. The function block gives tap commands to the tap changer, when used for
OLTC-control, and supervises that the commands are carried out correctly.

Here we are only using information from the tap changer (position and error messages). Thus YLTCIN is
GRP_OFF (connection to voltage control function block).

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 Exercise 3 - Open CT and OLTC adjustment

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Exercise 3 - Open CT and OLTC adjustment

The differential function has two inputs for each

tap-changer. Position and alarm-input

Figure 8: The differential function

21. Connect OLTC_POS and OLTC_ERR according

to the figure above

22. Save the configuration

23. Start the parameter setting tool (PST)

Figure 9: HW and MIM_6

Figure 10: MIM_6 module settings setting

24. Check the hardware settings related to the MIM-

module

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 Exercise 3 - Open CT and OLTC adjustment

Save and exit the configuration tool.

Do necessary changes in the parameter setting tool.

MilliAmpere module settings

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Exercise 3 - Open CT and OLTC adjustment

The tap changer control and supervision function

settings.

Figure 11: TCMYLTC settings

25. Set HighVoltTap to 19 (see figure 1)

26. Set CodeType to mA

27. Set Operation to On

Figure 12: PDIF settings

28. Set the differential OLTC settings according to

figure above (see Figure 1)

29. Save the settings

30. Write to IED

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 Exercise 3 - Open CT and OLTC adjustment

The measurement of the tap changer position via MIM module is based on the principle that the specified mA
input signal range (usually 4-20 mA) is divided into N intervals corresponding to the number of positions
available on the tap changer.

The differential protection function settings

RatedTapOLTC1 defines the rated position. This tap position shall correspond to the values for rated current and
voltage set for that winding.

TapHighVoltTC1 defines the end position for OLTC1 where highest no-load voltage for that winding is
obtained.

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Exercise 3 - Open CT and OLTC adjustment

Differential protection

Figure 13: PDIF settings

31. Check that the settings in the IED is according

the settings in the figure above

32. Temporary set LocationOLTC1 to Not Used

33. Inject ILxHVSec and ILxMVSec

34. Use the Local HMI and navigate to

Tests/Functions status/Differential
protection/TransformerDiff3Wind(PDIF,87T)

35. Check IDL1MAG, IDL2MAG and IDL3MAG

IDL1MAG: .......... A

IDL2MAG: .......... A

IDL3MAG: .......... A

36. Set LocationOLTC1 to Winding 1

37. Inject 4 mA corresponding to tap-changer

position 1 (Use Local HMI under Tests/Function
... to check the position)

38. Check IDL1MAG, IDL2MAG and IDL3MAG

IDL1MAG: .......... A

IDL2MAG: .......... A

IDL3MAG: .......... A

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 Exercise 3 - Open CT and OLTC adjustment

At the tap position giving the highest LV voltage the

transformer ratio is 123.2/22 kV. At 1.25 times the
rated power (EndSection1) the 145 kV current is
(exercise 1):
1.25  80
I HV   469 A ~ 1.47∙Irated
3  123.2
and

I LV = 1.25∙2099 ~ 1.25∙Irated

 Idiff = 70 A ~ 0.22∙Irated and selected IdMin =

0.25.

IHVPrim = 469 A  IHVSec = 469/500 = 0.938 A

The HV-side currents for injection are therefore:

IL1HVSec = 0.938 Ð0°
IL2HVSec = 0.938 Ð240°
IL3HVSec = 0.938 Ð120°

IMVPrim = 2624 A  IMVSec = 2624/2000 = 1.312 A

The MV-side currents for injection are therefore:

IL1MVSec = 1.312 Ð30°
IL2MVSec = 1.312 Ð270°
IL3MVSec = 1.312 Ð150°

The magnitude will be about 70 A

The magnitude will be close to 0 A

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Exercise 3 - Open CT and OLTC adjustment

Figure 14: PDIF settings

39. Reduce IdMin to 0.15

40. Reduce IDiffAlarm to 0.10

41. Inject 0 mA and the alarm-output (POSERRAL

 1) will be activated

42. Check IDL1MAG, IDL2MAG and IDL3MAG

IDL1MAG: .......... A

IDL2MAG: .......... A

IDL3MAG: .......... A

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 Exercise 3 - Open CT and OLTC adjustment

We have now OLTC-compensation active so it’s

possible to reduce IdMin.

If there is a position alarm the IdMin will be adjusted

to prevent mal-operation.

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Graphical Display – supplementary exercise

Service values

Figure 15: Graphical Display Editor measurement presentation

43. Use the GDE and add OLTC information on the screen to be written into the IED

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ABB AB
Substation Automation Products
SE-721 59 Västerås, Sweden
Phone +46 (0) 21 34 20 00
Fax +46 (0) 21 14 69 18
www.abb.com/substationautomation