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Capability Statement: Safety Engineering
Capability Statement: Safety Engineering
Safety Engineering
Capability Statement Safety Engineering
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Company Profile
Corporate Principles
Execution
Front-End Loading Phase (FEL1 to 3) Operating Phase
Phase
Project Sanction Final Acceptance
ILF Project
Prepare Prepare
Permit Procurement & Asset Business
Feasibility Concept Design
Engineering Contracting Management Closure
Package Package
Key Project Objectives
Prepare
Strategy Optimisation &
Basic Design Construction
Planning Modification
Package
Commissioning
& Maintenance &
Tendering
Trial Operation Rehabilitation
Introduction
ILF’s Co-Founder Dr. Adolf Feizlmayr Understanding the risks associated with
says: your facilities enhances business
performance.
“Since performing in-house safety studies we
have a better understanding of our projects in Today’s socio-technical systems have
terms of safety and risks. We have achieved become more complex making control of
a more effective and efficient way to include related hazards difficult and costly, but
risk mitigation measures in early design necessary. In response to major disasters in
stages, and we’re also able to make project the history of manmade systems, regulatory
risks and process safety more visible to our bodies have identified the need for safety
clients.” assurance and have developed requirements
for which compliance is achieved by
Safety assurance is a key constraint in ILF’s developing reasoned arguments which
activities and an integral element provide evidence of safety assurance through
accompanying ILF’s engineering and project the design, execution and operation of
management activities. The following facilities.
services can be provided by ILF as part of
activities accompanying related engineering Beyond regulatory requirements, ILF is
services for new or existing facilities or as committed to designing and implementing
standalone consultancy. systems which do not compromise the health
and safety of personnel and the public, nor
endanger the environment and property.
Therefore safety assurance is a key
constraint in ILF’s activities and an integral
element accompanying ILF’s engineering and
project management activities.
Figure 1 Safety impact and cost of risk reducing measures during a project
Services
Heat Radiation, Explosions and Toxic Released non-toxic gases in congested areas
Exposure (e.g. nitrogen) may create an atmosphere
with low oxygen concentrations leading to
Following the discharge and dispersion of a asphyxiation effects. Cryogenic substances
given hazardous material, different vulnerable (e.g. LNG) may cause embrittlement and
end events may occur. For toxic releases the damage to steel due to their cold
hazard related to population results from the temperatures.
toxic dose due to exposure from a cloud of
released toxic material. The vulnerability A precise determination of the possible
depends on the toxicity and concentration of consequences following a hazardous release
the substance and the exposure duration. It supports decision-making processes in the
can be calculated using probit functions and design stage. It is required for adequate
adequate models. design of active and passive firefighting
utilities as well as for providing inherent
The hazard of fire events is related to the safety measures, e.g. sufficient distances,
exposure of people and vulnerable objects to sterile areas, etc.
heat radiation which is able to cause injuries,
fatalities, environmental damages and A detailed evaluation of consequences
damages to assets. In a larger establishment prevents and mitigates the vulnerable effects
heat radiation often leads to escalation of hazardous scenarios and thus enhances
scenarios by damaging adjacent installations, the operability, integrity and safety of
vessels or critical structure. A fire event industrial facilities.
requires the presence of a flammable fuel-air
mixture cloud and an ignition source.
Methodology HAZID
HAZID is applied in early design stages by an Potential causes and consequences of each
interdisciplinary team guided by an identified hazardous scenario are
experienced HAZID facilitator. A HAZID is documented in report worksheets, with
performed using a structured list of existing safeguards identified or the planned
guidewords taking benefit from the design / operational features that will
experience of the team members (see ISO mitigate / reduce the risk associated with the
17776). On the basis of the guidewords a specific scenario. Recommendations are
brainstorming exercise is carried out, in order listed where the HAZID team identifies or
to identify all potential hazards, their causes, assesses that additional safeguards need to
consequences and safeguards relevant to the be implemented. A HAZID should be
investigated facilities. The guidewords can be conducted systematically and rigorous. Its
structured in the following three main results and recommendations have to be
sections. applied in a tracking system in order to
ensure the close-out of all required actions
External Hazards including (e.g. design changes, add-on safety, etc.).
Facility Hazards including
Health Hazards
The key objective of an Environmental Issues The purpose of a Project Health, Safety, and
Identification (ENVID) is to identify potential Environmental Review (PHSER) workshop is
environmental issues resulting from a to provide assurance to the end user that
proposed development and agree practicable HSE hazards have been identified and
measures to ensure that throughout the life assessed. The PHSER process consists of
span of the development it results in minimal formal reviews scheduled near the conclusion
harm to the environment. The process, of each Project phase and at major Project
broadly, weights the relevant factors based milestones in the Construction and
on expert judgement and relying on commissioning Phase.
multidisciplinary team strengths, particularly
with regard to understanding both These reviews are conducted by a team of
demonstrated and perceived potential specialists whose objectives are to verify that
environmental sensitivities using significance the Project has identified and full addressed
criteria. A crucial aspect of the ENVID all aspects of Health, Safety, Environment,
process is to ensure that key issues are fully relevant to the respective Project and stage.
understood and owned by the project team.
There are several methods for presenting the
results on an ENVID, the most commonly
used being matrices or tables.
Methodology QRA
knowing the outcome of the event and its
General QRA Approach frequency of occurrence per year. Summing
up the risk numbers of all hazardous events
The general goal of a QRA is to quantify the related to the investigated facility leads to the
risks related to a given facility and assess overall risk values. Risk may affect
them against risk criteria in order to satisfy population, environment and / or assets.
regulatory requirements (see CPR 18E). In
order to ensure that the overall risk is QRA Stages
acceptable or tolerable, risk mitigating
measures are applied by following the In its elemental form a typical QRA is
ALARP principle (as low as reasonably comprised in the phases presented in Figure
practicable). Since risk is the product of 2. The consequence analysis and the
likelihood and consequences of an frequency analysis can be performed in
undesirable event, it can be quantified by parallel.
Figure 6 Individual risk results, left: risk contour plot, right: risk transect
Combining the results of the consequence Performing these calculations for a complete
analysis with the frequency and probability area results in the individual risk contours
data leads to the risk results for all and transects as presented in Figure 6.
investigated hazardous scenarios of a given
system. Regarding the risk on the population, The societal risk results measure the risk to a
a QRA provides individual and societal risk number of people located in the effect zones
results. For both the individual and the of the incidents. It generally shows the
societal risk, risk criteria exist in order to frequency distribution of multiple fatality
assess their acceptability and tolerability. events. The most common way of presenting
Following the “As Low As Reasonable societal risk is generating FN-curves. An FN-
Practicable” (ALARP) principle, appropriate curve shows the cumulative frequency F of all
risk mitigation measures may be applied in events leading to N or more fatalities related
early project stages to ensure a safe to an investigated process facility. Figure 7
operation. The quantified individual risk shows a typical FN-curve for a given
results are generated out of a risk summation establishment and the appropriate societal
approach by summing up the probabilities of risk criteria in the UK and the Netherlands
fatality due to all identified hazardous events according to CCPS 2009.
to a location-specific probability of fatality.
Point of Contact
Selected References