INFORMATION PAPER

International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 2, May 2009

Optimization of Co-channel Interference Ratio (CCIR) for

Omni-Directional Antenna in Mobile Computing
Santosh Kumar1*, S. C. Sharma2, Sandip Vijay3, Shahnawaz Husain4
1, 2
Research Scholar, Electronics and Computer Discipline, DPT , IIT, Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur, India.
2
Associate Professor, Electronics and Computer Discipline, DPT , IIT, Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur, India.
4
M.Tech. (CSE-Student), Graphic Era Institute of Technology, Dehradun, India

Abstract then we need to know that the CCIR is negligible but still
Due to the insufficiency of available bandwidth and the non- zero. The system working scenario will be discussed

continuously growing demand for cellular later. In this paper results confined that what will be the

communication services, there are many cells using same CCIR exactly for the MS at various distances for the

frequency band. All the cell using the same channel are
physically located apart by at least reused distance, even
though the power level is controlled carefully so that
such “co-channels” do not create a problem for each
other, there is still some degree of interference due to
non-zero signal strength of such cells .This paper
simulate the co-channel interference ratio (CCIR) for
mobile station at the various distance from BS and
shows, as the path loss propagation increases, the value
of CCIR increases exponentially and achieved a
fabulous result and also simulate, for the same value of
path loss propagation & varying distance results shows
serving BS in 1-Tier. In this paper section 2 describes
formation of cluster and reuse distance, section 3
describes proposed mathematical formulation, section 4
describes results simulation and comparison and finally
section 5 describes conclusion and discussion.
2. Formation of cluster and Reuse Distance
Reused distance defined as the distance between the two
cells using the same channel. It is denoted by D. There is
a close relationship between the reuse distance D, radius
of cell R and the number of cells N of a cluster i.e
D=√3N R so reuse factor will be, D/R=√3N.
2
The number of cells, N per cluster is given by N= i +ij+j ,
2

that CCIR decreases linearly. In this paper, two tier here i denotes the number of cells along the direction i
model is used for simulating the result. Simulation is from center of a cell and j denotes number of cells at 60
0

done for 1-Tier, although there are negligible to the direction of i and the value of N will be
interference between focused cell and 2-Tier of CCIR 1,3,4,7,9,12,13,16……..[1].
cells over same frequency band.
Keywords:-1-Tier & 2-Tier same band frequency cell,
Reuse Distance, co-channel Interference, Path loss
propagation.

1. Introduction
In current scenario there are tremendous increases in the
Figure 1: Finding the center of adjacent cluster using
demand of cellular phone but insufficiency of available integer i & j
frequency bands have forced to reuse the same frequency
channel for the different BS; it introduces the concept of 3. Proposed Mathematical formulation

reuse distance for reducing the co-channel interference. If We know that D=√(3*N) R where N is no of Cells per

we discuss the strategy of 2-Tier system in mobile system cluster, R is radius of hexagon. The value of N can be
calculated from the formulae [1].

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International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 2, May 2009

For our case we are considering the value of N =7. Assuming q = D/R Then q =√(3*N) ,
-γ
C/I = 1/ 6*(q)

Case2: When MS is near to distance R/4 then

D1=D2 =D-R/4,D3 = D6 =D,D4 = D5 =D+R/4
So, Cochannel interference ratio is-
-γ -γ -γ
C/I = 1/ 2*((q-1/4) +(q) + (q+1/4) )
Figure 2: A cluster of 7 cells showing first tier Co-Channel
cells where the focused cell is F1(gray).

As shown in figure below, at the first tier there are six cells
using co-channel at the reuse distance and at the second
tier there are also six cells using co-channel at the double
of the reuse distance, but there effect is negligible to the Case3: When MS is near to R/2 then
D1=D2=D-R/2, D3=D6=D, D4=D5=D+R/2
targeted cell F1[1].
So, Cochannel interference ratio is-
-γ -γ -γ
C/I = 1/ 2*((q-1/2) +(q) + (q+1/2)

Case4: When MS is near to 3R/4 then

D1=D2=D-3*R/4, D3=D6=D, D4=D5=D+3*R/4
So, Cochannel interference ratio is-
Figure 3: Cells with co channel and their forward channel -γ -γ -γ
C/I = 1/ 2*((q-3/4) +(q) +(q+3/4) )
interference on transmitted signal
The co-channel interference ratio (CCIR) is given by:
m
-γ
C/I = 1/ (∑ (DK/R) )
i=1

Where m is the no of cells affecting the focused cell. γ is Case5: When MS is near to R i.e for worst case then

propagation path loss, DK is distance from the k

th
cell[1]. D1=D2=D-R ,D3=D6=D, D4=D5=D+R

Formulae of various distances for the mobile So, Cochannel interference ratio is-
-γ -γ
stations (Mobile Users) C/I = 1/ 2*((q-1) +(q) +(q+1)-γ)
Case 1: when MS (mobile station) is near to Center i.e for
the best case.
D1=D2 =D3 =D4 = D5 = D6 =D. So, Co-channel
-γ
interference ratio is- C/I = 1/ 6*(D/R)

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International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 2, May 2009

Case 1 Case2 Case3 Case4 Case5

1/ 2*((q-1/4)-γ 1/ 2*((q-3/4)-γ
C/I 1/ 6*(q)-γ 1/ 2*((q-1/2)-γ +(q)-γ 1/ 2*((q-1)-γ +(q)-γ +(q+1)
+(q)-γ + +(q)-γ +
+(q+1/2)-γ) -γ
)
(q+1/4)-γ) (q+3/4)-γ)

Table 1: formulae for all the cases

C/I γ=2 γ=2.5 γ=3 γ=3.5 γ=4 γ=4.5 γ=5

C 3.5 7.492434 16.03902 34.33464 73.50001 157.3411 336.8194
R\4 3.479187 7.42756 15.84893 33.80178 72.05534 153.5256 326.9523
R\2 3.417001 7.234931 15.28882 32.24595 67.88154 142.6328 299.1545
3R\4 3.314219 6.920544 14.38874 29.791 61.43189 126.1891 258.2556
R 3.172206 6.494475 13.19722 26.62871 53.37562 106.3335 210.6433

Table 2: Co-channel Interference Ratio for Different Value of γ at Different location of MS.

4. Simulation result & comparison MS at R\4

For the same value of N, we can make a cell with different 350

radius power of antenna is adjusted to form the cell size, R 300

250
can be varies from 2Km to 20 Km. Value of γ varies from 2
200
R\4
to 5 , i.e path loss propagation values are computed for 150

100
the different values of R (location of mobile station) and γ.
50
The simulation results and its comparisons are tabulated 0
=2 =2.5 =3 =3.5 =4 =4.5 =5
in table 2. In below plotted graph (y) shows the value of γ..

Figure 5: Graph shows when MS near to R/4 of different

MS at the Centre values of γ.
400
MS at R\2
350
300
350
250
300
200 C
150 250

100 200
R\2
50 150
0
100
=2 =2.5 =3 =3.5 =4 =4.5 =5
50
0
=2 =2.5 =3 =3.5 =4 =4.5 =5

Figure 4: Graph shows when MS at the center (C) of

different values of γ.
Figure 6: Graph shows when MS near to R/2 of different
values of γ.

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International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 2, May 2009

design is good. From above computation paper conclude

MS at 3R\4 that γ can be adjusted to maximize the CCIR. Simulation
300
shows the CCIR at various regions for varying value of
250
path loss propagation. All the results are simulated on
200

150 3R\4 p4 dual core machine with C-compiler. In this paper,

100 work is only for the Omni-directional antenna but could be
50
go further for the umbrella antenna to adjust the power
0
=2 =2.5 =3 =3.5 =4 =4.5 =5 level for different region to maximize the co-channel
interference ratio to get minimum co-channel interference

Figure 7: Graph shows when MS near to 3R/4 of different for the best output.
values of γ.
References
MS near to R(Worst Case)
[1] Dharma Prakash Agrawal and Qing- An Zeng,”
250
Introduction to Wireless and Mobile System”
200
University of Cincinnati.
150
R [2] Xu Mingdong_ and Peter Nuechter, “Co-Channel
100
Interference Analysis of Point to Point mm-Wave
50
Radio Links ” Research and Advanced Development,
0
=2 =2.5 =3 =3.5 =4 =4.5 =5 UBER+SUHNER AG, CH-8330 Pf¨affikon ZH ,
Switzerland.
Figure 8: Graph shows when MS near to R(Worst Case) [3] P. Ranta, A. Hottinen, and Z.-C. Honkasalo, “Co-
of different values of γ.
channel interference cancellation receiver for TDMA

CCIR for same Y value

mobile systems,” in Proc.IEEE ICC ’95, Seattle, pp.
17–21, June 1995.
400
350 [4] Hendrik Schoeneich and Peter A. Hoeher,” Single
300 C
250 R\4 Antenna Cochannel Interference Cancellation in
200 R\2
3R\4
Asynchronous TDMA Systems ” Information and
150
100 R Coding Theory Lab University of Kiel Kaiserstr. 2, D-
50
0
24143 Kiel, Germany
=2 =2.5 =3 =3.5 =4 =4.5 =5
[5] C. Tidestav, M. Sternad, and A. Ahlen, “Reuse within
a cell – interference rejection or multiuser detection?,”
Figure 9: Co-channel Interference Ratio for same γ Value
for different location IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 47, pp. 1511–1522, Oct.
1999.
5. Conclusion
[6] J. Proakis, Digital Communications. McGraw-Hill, 4
Simulation explores that when the value of path loss
ed., 2000.
propagation increases then the value of CCIR increases
[7] 3GPP, Digital Cellular Telecommunications System
exponentially upto 350. By the Erlang formula 10*log
(CCIR), to calculate the value in decibel, if the value is (Phase 2+). Technical specification TS 05.01-05,

greater than 18 db ( i.e CCIR is greater than 50), then http://www.3gpp.org.

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