To investigate and study the process and working of TIG welding

its advantages, disadvantages and limitations.

1. Objective
 After performing this experiment, we will be able to understand TIG welding, its
advantages and disadvantages.
 In this experiment we will get information regarding filers used in the TIG welding

2. Apparatus
 Workpiece
 Filler rod
 Molten pool
 Non consumable tungsten electrode
 Arc
 Shielding gas

Fig.1 TIG welding schematic

3. Procedure
 While operating tig welding first we must choose the electrode
 After choosing the electrode we must grind the electrode
 After that we must set the settings the of the apparatus according to our required
needs
 Then we will turn on the gas
 The we must prepare the metal to be weld on the table
 Before the operation we must wear proper dress to protect ourselves from any type
of accident
 Now start welding and draw a bead on it according to our needs.

Theory
4. TIG welding
TIG stands for tungsten inert gas welding. In this type of welding we use an inert gas. This
welding is commonly named as Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). In this welding unlike
other welding in which electrode I consumable, the electrode is non consumable and is used
to transfer current to the electrode so the process of heat generation could occur.
Tungsten is also known as wolfram. The fusion temperature of the tungsten is according to
research is 330 degree Celsius. According to consideration this temperature is usually very
much higher than the temperature of the metals which we usually weld. SO, the use of
tungsten is good for us. In Germany this type of welding is commonly named as WIG
welding which means wolfram inert gas welding.
According to DS/EN 24063 this welding process has number 141

Fig. 2 Schematic of TIG welding

4.1 Principle
Basic principle on which TIG welding works is same that of the electric arc welding.
Difference is just this, that fusion occurs by heating the electrode and tungsten electrode.
During the process the workpiece and he tungsten electrode is kept away from the
atmospheric gases to avoid any type of error or loss. This could be done by spraying the
inert gas around the workpiece. This inert gas is thrown or sprayed with the help of nozzle
which surrounds the workpiece and the electrode.
The only difference that differentiate it with other welding is not consuming the electrode.
In all other welding that involves electrodes consumes the electrode like MIG welding.

Fig.3 Principle of TIG welding

4.2 . The TIG arc

In the TIG welding the fusion energy is produced by burning the arc between the tungsten
electrode and the wire. The movement of the wire can be controlled manually or
mechanically. We can perform the TIG welding either using AC or DC. If we take into
consider the DC MIG welding, then we must connect tungsten with negative polarity and
the workpiece with the positive polarity. Due to the difference between the polarity of the
electrode and the workpiece the welding takes place. As the electron theory states that the
negatively charged electrons and the positively charged ions will migrate. The electrons due
to negative polarity will tend to move towards the positive terminal and the ions having
positive polarity will tend to move towards the negative terminal. Due to the flow of these
ions and electrons there comes a stage when the electrons and ions coincides with each
other and as a result the heat of fusion is produced which can be sued in the welding
process.

Fig.4 Movement of ions during TIG welding

4.3 . Alternating current

 When we are using the alternating current in the TIG welding the polarity in the current
changes every second. In Pakistan the frequency is 50 Hz which means that in Pakistan
current changes its polarity 100 times every second.
SO, in the first phase the electrode is negatively charged and in the very next phase it is
positively charged so by the shifting of the polarity of these electrodes and the workpiece
heat generation occurs.

1. Application of TIG welding

TIG welding is often used for jobs that demand high quality welding such as for instance

 The offshore industry

 Combined heat and power plants
 The petrochemical industry
 The food industry
 The chemical industry
 The nuclear industry

2. Advantages of TIG welding

Following are the advantages:

 It provides a concentrated heating of the workpiece.

 It provides an effective protection of the weld pool by an inert shielding gas.
 It can be independent of filler material.
 The filler materials do not need to be finely prepared if only the alloying is all
right.
 There is no need for after treatment of the weld as no slag or spatter are
produced.
 Places of difficult access can be welded

3. Disadvantages of TIG welding

Following are the disadvantages of the TIG welding:

 TIG welding is a lot of time-consuming process. It requires a lot of time to start

the plant.
 It has a very high beginning cost which means that if I am going to install the TIG
welding plant then I must collect a lot of cash
 It can be used only for thin metals and cannot be used for the welding of the
thick metals.
 It is very complicated and the TIG welding plant can only be used or operated by
the person who has training or have some knowledge about the TIG welding.
4. Applications in Pakistan
Following are some of the applications of the TIG welding in the Pakistan:

 High quality fabrication in the stainless steel

 Aluminum, copper and nickel alloys
 Welding reactive and refractory metals

5. Safety precautions
There is certain precautionary measure which we must take before using spot welding
which are as follows:

 Helmets with shields so that it can protect bus from UV radiations which will
cause certain chemical burns
 Goggles or glasses are necessary s that there should be no damage to the eyes
 We should wear closed shoes to prevent any contact of the fire or workpiece
with our foot
 Our clothes should be skin fit, clothes not should be too losing that they can be
captured by the machine

6. Comments
The addition of an activating flux led to an increase in the penetration depth and a decrease
of the width. Simulations showed the Marangoni effect combined with Lorentz forces in TIG
and A-TIG welding processes. The results of experiments agreed with the simulation
conducted for TIG welding. 4. A-TIG welding could increase retained delta ferrite.