PRAKTIS TOPIKAL SS 2 (3.

FISIOLOGI SENAM)
SOALAN STRUKTUR.

STPM 2006.
3.6 SISTEM ENDOKRINA.
1. Merujuk kepada jadual di bawah, namakan hormon yang bertindak pada organ
sasaran dan bahagian pituitari di mana hormon itu dirembeskan. (5M)

Hormon

Organ Korteks
Sasaran Ginjal Ovari Tiroid Adrenal Uterus

Bahagian
Pituitari

3.5 SISTEM KARDIORESPIRATORI.

2. Graf kadar denyutan jantung lawan masa bagi 3 subjek A, B dan C yang
menjalankan step test sebelum, semasa dan selepas ujian ditunjukkan di bawah.

a. Nyatakan subjek yang mempunyai kapasiti kardiovaskular yang terbaik. Berikan

2 sebab bagi jawapan anda. (3M)
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................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................

b. Nyatakan subjek yang paling berkemungkinan seorang obes. Berikan 1 sebab

bagi jawapan anda. (2M)
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STPM 2007.
3.8 KESAN PERSEKITARAN DAN PRESTASI SUKAN.
3. Perihalkan komplikasi akibat latihan yang dijalankan semasa cuaca terik. (4M)
................................................................................................................................................
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4. Nyatakan 5 cara untuk mengelakkan komplikasi akibat latihan yang dijalankan

semasa cuaca panas terik. (5M)
1..............................................................................................................................................
2..............................................................................................................................................
3..............................................................................................................................................
4..............................................................................................................................................
5..............................................................................................................................................

LATIHAN.
3.1 TENAGA UNTUK AKTIVITI FIZIKAL.
1.
a. Apakah maksud tenaga? (1M)
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b. Berikan maksud bioenergetiks. (2M)

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c. Namakan 2 cara untuk meningkatkan persembahan atlet. (2M)

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2.
a. Jelaskan maksud Kitaran Tenaga Biologikal. (2M)
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................

b. Nyatakan 3 cara sumber tenaga biologikal dihasilkan. (3M)

1.............................................................................................................................................
2.............................................................................................................................................
3.............................................................................................................................................

3.
a. Nyatakan 2 fungsi fosfokreatin (PC). (1M)
1..............................................................................................................................................
2..............................................................................................................................................
b. Namakan 2 aktiviti melibatkan penggunaan sistem tenaga ATP-PC. (1M)
1.............................................................................................................................................
2.............................................................................................................................................

c. Berikan 3 sebab sumber tenaga ATP-PC boleh didapati dengan segera untuk
kegunaan otot. (3M)
1..............................................................................................................................................
2..............................................................................................................................................
3..............................................................................................................................................

4.
a. Nyatakan maksud glikolisis anaerobik. (1M)
................................................................................................................................................

b. Jelaskan keburukan asid laktik. (1M)

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c. Namakan 2 tempat simpanan glikogen dalam tubuh. (2M)

1..............................................................................................................................................
2..............................................................................................................................................

5.
a. Namakan tempat khusus berlaku tindak balas oksigen di antara sel-sel otot. (1M)
...............................................................................................................................................

b. Senarai 3 proses tindak balas terhadap sistem aerobik. (3M)

1..............................................................................................................................................
2..............................................................................................................................................
3..............................................................................................................................................

c. Nyatakan kegunaan oksigen dalam sistem aerobik. (1M)

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................................................................................................................................................

6.
a. Senaraikan 2 perubahan kimia utama yang wujud dalam Kitaran Krebs. (2M)
1.............................................................................................................................................
2.............................................................................................................................................

b. Namakan 3 unsur kimia dalam asid piruvik. (3M)

1..............................................................................................................................................
2..............................................................................................................................................
3..............................................................................................................................................
7.
a. b. Apakah maksud sistem pengangkutan elektron? (2M)
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................

b. Namakan 3 hasil pemecahan glikogen yang berterusan. (3M)

1..............................................................................................................................................
2..............................................................................................................................................
3..............................................................................................................................................

c. Namakan sistem tenaga yang membekalkan ATP semasa rehat. (1M)

................................................................................................................................................

d. Nyatakan 2 alasan bagi membuktikan jawapan di atas. (2M)

1..............................................................................................................................................
2..............................................................................................................................................

9.
a. Namakan nutrien yang digunakan pada satu jam hingga dua jam permulaan
latihan. (1M)
................................................................................................................................................

b. Namakan nutrien yang digunakan pada penghujung latihan. (1M)

................................................................................................................................................

c. Nyatakan 3 faktor kelesuan selain daripada tahap asid laktik dalam darah. (3M)
1..............................................................................................................................................
2..............................................................................................................................................
3..............................................................................................................................................

10.

3.2 SISTEM OTOT.

11.
a. Namakan 3 fungsi otot. (3M)
1..............................................................................................................................................
2..............................................................................................................................................
3..............................................................................................................................................

b. Namakan 3 jenis otot. (3M)

1..............................................................................................................................................
2..............................................................................................................................................
3..............................................................................................................................................
12. Senaraikan 5 ciri-ciri otot licin. (5M)
1..............................................................................................................................................
2..............................................................................................................................................
3..............................................................................................................................................
4..............................................................................................................................................
5..............................................................................................................................................

13. Senaraikan 5 ciri-ciri otot kardiak. (5M)

1..............................................................................................................................................
2..............................................................................................................................................
3..............................................................................................................................................
4..............................................................................................................................................
5..............................................................................................................................................

14. Senaraikan 5 ciri-ciri otot rangka. (5M)

1..............................................................................................................................................
2..............................................................................................................................................
3..............................................................................................................................................
4..............................................................................................................................................
5..............................................................................................................................................

15.
a. Nyatakan fungsi tendon. (1M)
................................................................................................................................................

b. Nyatakan fungsi ligamen. (1M)

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c. Namakan 5 fasa penguncupan otot. (3M)

1..............................................................................................................................................
2..............................................................................................................................................
3..............................................................................................................................................
4..............................................................................................................................................
5..............................................................................................................................................

16.
a. Jelaskan mengenai fiber sentak perlahan dan fiber sentak cepat. (2M)
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17.
a. Nyatakan maksud penguncupan isometrik. (2M)
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b. Berikan satu contoh dan jelaskan. (3M)

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18.
a. Nyatakan maksud penguncupan isotonik. (2M)
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b. Berikan satu contoh dan jelaskan. (3M)

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19.
a. Nyatakan maksud penguncupan isokinetik. (2M)
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b. Berikan satu contoh dan jelaskan. (3M)

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3.3 SISTEM PEREDARAN DARAH.

20. Senaraikan 5 fungsi darah dan jelaskannya secara ringkas. (5M)
1..............................................................................................................................................
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2..............................................................................................................................................
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3..............................................................................................................................................
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4..............................................................................................................................................
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5..............................................................................................................................................
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21. Senaraikan 6 bahan yang terkandung dalam larutan plasma darah. (6M)
1..................................................................... 2.....................................................................
3..................................................................... 4.....................................................................
5..................................................................... 6.....................................................................

22. Lengkapkan jadual dibawah. (6M)

Protein Dalam Plasma Fungsi Lokasi Pembentukan

Fibronogen

Albumin

Globulin

23.
a. Nyatakan peranan hemoglobin. (1M)
................................................................................................................................................

b. Nyatakan 3 fungsi eritrosit. (3M)

1..............................................................................................................................................
2..............................................................................................................................................
3..............................................................................................................................................

c. Apakah maksud hemolisis? (1M)

................................................................................................................................................

24.
a. Bagaimana keracunan karbon monoksida berlaku. (2M)
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................

b. Nyatakan 3 simptom keracunan monoksida. (3M)

1..............................................................................................................................................
2..............................................................................................................................................

25.
a. Namakan 2 jenis leukosit. (1M)
1..............................................................................................................................................
2..............................................................................................................................................

b. Senaraikan 3 jenis granulosit dan fungsinya. (3M)

1..............................................................................................................................................
2..............................................................................................................................................
3..............................................................................................................................................
c. Senaraikan 2 jenis agranulosit dan fungsinya. (1M)
1..............................................................................................................................................
2..............................................................................................................................................

26.
a. Nyatakan 2 fungsi leukosit. (2M)
1..............................................................................................................................................
2..............................................................................................................................................

b. Nyatakan 3 cara leukosit menghalang tubuh dari penyakit. (3M)

1..............................................................................................................................................
2..............................................................................................................................................
3..............................................................................................................................................

27.
SOALAN ESEI.

STPM 2006.
1.
Graf rakaman isipadu dan kapasiti paru-paru manusia ditunjukkan di bawah.

a. Namakan alat yang merakamkan graf ini. (1M)

b. Namakan bahagian lengkung yang berlabel A, B, C, D dan nyatakan apa yang
diwakili oleh setiap bahagian. (8M)
c. Nyatakan bahagian lengkung yang meningkat nilainya semasa seseorang
bersenam. (1M)
d. Nyatakan bagaimana bahagian melengkung yang anda nyatakan pada (c) dapat
meningkatkan ventilasi pulmonari semasa seseorang melakukan senaman ringan
dan senaman berat. (2M)
e. Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan ventilasi pulmonari. (1M)

2.
a. Nyatakan apa yang berlaku pada sistem fisiologi semasa senaman aerobik. (10M)
b. Nyatakan 5 faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar denyutan semasa senaman
aerobik. (5M)

STPM 2007.
3.
a. i. Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan pengeluaran kardiak dan isipadu strok.
(4M)
ii. Nyatakan perhubungan antara pengeluaran dengan isipadu strok. (2M)

b. Bandingkan seorang atlet dengan seorang yang kurang bersenam dari segi:
i. keupayaan kecergasan kardiovaskular. (6M)
ii. pulihan kardiorespiratori. (3M)

4. Bincangkan kesan pengambilan jangka panjang anabolik steroid pada seseorang

atlet. (15M)
LATIHAN.
1.