Republic of the Philippines

NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Gabaldon Campus
Gabaldon, Nueva Ecija

CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Introduction

Mung beans, which have the scientific species name Vigna radiate, are a type of

small, green legume. What we know as “bean sprouts” in many Asian dishes are most

often mung bean sprouts. They are a high source of protein, fiber, antioxidants and

phytonutrients. Although in some countries, including the U.S, they’re less popular than

other bean varieties — like chickpeas or black beans — mung beans have some huge

health benefits to offer. These days, they are beginning to pop up in protein powders,

canned soups and restaurant dishes stateside. These beans are a high source of nutrients,

including manganese, potassium, magnesium, folate, copper, zinc and various B

vitamins. They are also a very filling food, high in fiber, protein and resistant starch. You

can find mung beans in dried powder form, as whole uncooked beans, “split-peeled”

form, as bean noodles and also as sprouted seeds. Their dried seeds may be eaten raw,

cooked (whole or split), fermented or milled and ground into flour. Because of their high

nutrient density, they are considered useful in defending against several chronic, age-

related diseases, including heart disease, cancer, diabetes and obesity. Clinical evidence

continues to show that plant-derived foods have various potential health benefits,
 Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Gabaldon Campus
Gabaldon, Nueva Ecija

including lowering inflammation. Health experts recommend that plant-based foods make

up a large portion of every person’s diet, and many worldwide health organizations

recommend an increased intake of plant-derived foods to improve health status and

prevent chronic diseases (Jillian Levy, 2019)

As a food, mung beans contain balanced nutrients, including protein and dietary

fiber, and significant amounts of bioactive phytochemicals. High levels of proteins,

amino acids, oligosaccharides, and polyphenols in mung beans are thought to be the main

contributors to the antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor activities

of this food and are involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism (Russian J Plant

Physiol. 2011).

Overall, regular consumption of mung beans could regulate the flora of

enterobacteria, decrease the absorption of toxic substances, reduce the risk of

hypercholesterolemia and coronary heart disease, and prevent cancer (J Med Plants Res.

2012).

The proteins, polypeptides, polysaccharides, and polyphenols from the seeds,

sprouts, and hulls of mung beans all show potential antioxidant activity. The antioxidant

capacities of mung bean protein hydrolysate (MPH) have been reported as 0.67 and 0.46

μmol Trolox equivalent (TE)/mg protein, as measured by oxygen radical absorbance

capacity-fluorescein (ORACFL) and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC)

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 Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Gabaldon Campus
Gabaldon, Nueva Ecija

assays, respectively. Freeze-drying in lactose excipient reduces the antioxidant capacity

of MPH to 0.48 μmol TE/mg protein in the ORACFL assay, but does not alter the results

of the TEAC assay (Food Res Int. 2011).

Fertilizer is any organic or inorganic material of natural or synthetic origin

(other than liming materials) that is added to a soil to supply one or more plant nutrients

essential to the growth of plants (Sartain, 2011).

Fertilizers are added to the soil to supply elements essential to the growth of plant.

These elements include the major nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium and

sulfur as well as trace elements such as iron, zinc, and magnesium (Stern, 2000).

Nutrients play a significant role in improving productivity and quality of

vegetable crops. Onions are the most susceptible crop plants in extracting nutrients,

especially the immobile types, because of their shallow and unbranched root system.

(Brewster, 2011; Rizk et al., 2012). Thus, for this reason unmarketable onion bulb is ideal

for plant material for fermentation.

According to Awoke Kassa Zewdie (2018), unmarketable onion bulbs were

characterized by very small bulbs, under size bulbs, and over size bulbs also include

disease bulbs.

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 Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Gabaldon Campus
Gabaldon, Nueva Ecija

The usage of fermented plant juice (FPJ) and fermented fruit juice (FFJ) as foliar

fertilizer along with the fertigation system is expected to increase and improve yield and

quality of the vegetables. The foliar application becomes promptly available to the crops

because form of nutrient application is better than direct fertilization (Naz et al. 2011).

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 Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Gabaldon Campus
Gabaldon, Nueva Ecija

Objectives of the Study

General Objective

The study generally aimed to determine the Efficacy of Different Level of

Fermented Unmarketable Onion Bulb (Allium cepa) in the Growth and Yield

Performance of Mungbean (Vigna radiata).

Specific Objectives

Specifically, the study aimed to determine the following:

1. Growth

1.1. Number of days to germinate

1.2 Plant height (cm)

1.3 Number of days to flowering

1.4 Number of days to pod initiation

2. Yield

2.1Size of pod (cm)

2.2 Number of twig per plant

2.3 Number of pod per twig

2.4 Kilogram of marketable pods

2.5 Yield per hectare (kg/ha) Plant population X Yield)

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 Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Gabaldon Campus
Gabaldon, Nueva Ecija

Time and Place of the Study

The study will be conducted from March to June 2020 at the research area of

Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology, Gabaldon Campus, Gabaldon Nueva

Ecija.