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Bacteria and Immune Defenses: Helicobacter Pylori
Bacteria and Immune Defenses: Helicobacter Pylori
SIM100 Lecture Handouts (Prof. Jude Anthony Trinidad, RMT, MSMT, ASCPi CM)
de Guzman, Angelo Christian O. | 3MT01
Helicobacter pylori
Agent of Gastric and Duodenal Ulcer
Based on the Lancefield classification (which is based on Strong Urease Producer
Antigen class) o Produces urease to counteract the acidity of the stomach
Streptococcus pyogenes Spiral bacterium
o β-Hemolytic Virulence Factor:
o M and T Protein o CagA
M Protein – inhibits C3b (inhibits the o Vacuolating Toxin (VacA)
complement pathway) Antigen detection procedures
o Streptolysin o Endoscopy
Streptolysin O – Heat-labile; Antigenic o Culture: Most specific
Streptolysin S – Heat-stable; non-antigenic o Gastric Biopsy
Clinical Manifestation o Urease Biopsy test
o Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome o PCR
o Upper Respiratory Tract Infection – Pharyngitis Detection of Helicobacter pylori Antibodies
o Skin Infection – Impetigo o IgG, IgM, IgA
o Scarlet Fever – Erythrogenic Toxins IgG – Primary Antibody detected
Exotoxin A, B, C o Primary screening detection
Damaging Sequelae
o Damage done after infection with Streptococcus pyogenes Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Acute Rheumatic Fever – complication after Class Mollicutes
sore throat/Pharyngitis Eatons Agent
Post Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis – follow Leading cause of upper respiratory infection worldwide
after infection of either skin or pharynx Pleomorphic – no cell wall but with Sterol (Required for growth)
o The Anti-M Protein can attack the heart and kidneys Culture: Fried Egg Appearance
because the Antigen of the Streptococcus and of the Causes Walking Pneumonia
heart and the kidney shares the same epitope – cross- Detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae by culture
reactivity o Transport media
Detection of Group A Streptococcal Antigen Trypticase soy broth with 0.5% Albumin
o Culture (Bacitracin) SP4 Medium
o Enzyme Immunoassay Viral Transport Medium
o Latex Agglutination o Delay in plating – frozen at -70°C
o PCR Detection of Antibody to Mycoplasma pneumoniae
o Cold Agglutinin that reacts with the I/i Antigen
BS Medical Technology | Third Year, Second Semester | March, 2015 | Clinical Immunology and Serology Semi-Final Period |Page 1 of 4
Trinity University of Asia College of Medical Technology
SIM100 Lecture Handouts (Prof. Jude Anthony Trinidad, RMT, MSMT, ASCPi CM)
de Guzman, Angelo Christian O. | 3MT01
Ii Blood Group – Blood group where Humans – Accidental Hosts except Rickettsia prowazekii
Mycoplasma pneumoniae reacts with Serological Diagnosis
o Enzyme Immunoassay, Immunofluorescence Assay o Weil-Felix (Agglutination)
o PCR, Nucleic Acid Amplification o IFA, IBA (Immunoblot Assay), Micro-IF
o *Need tissue culture
FEBRILE AGGLUTININ o Gold Standard – IFA, Micro-IF
Antibody demonstrated in Microbial diseases that are Weil-Felix Interpretation
manifested by high fever Rickettsial disease OX-19 OX-2 OX-K
o Typhoid – Salmonella typhi Scrub Typhus - - ++++
o Typhus – Rickettsia RMSF
o Brucellosis – Brucella Epidemic Typhus ++++ + -
Marine Typhus
o Tularemia – Francisella tularensis
Q Fever - - -
Harder to culture – so use Brucella Ag to detect
Rickettsial pox - - -
Tularemia – cross reactivity
Use Proteus Antigen – non specific Cross reactivity
Detects Antibodies
o OX-19 (Proteus vulgaris)
o OX-2 (Proteus vulgaris)
TYPHOID FEVER S
Salmonella typhi o OX-K (Proteus mirabilis)
Acquired by ingestion
LYME DISEASE
Typhoid Mary
Causative Agent: Borrelia burgdorferi
Salmonella Antigen
Transmitted via Ixodes spp.
o H Antigen and K Antigen
Laboratory diagnosis
Thermolabile
o Immunofluorescence
H Antigen (Houch) – Flagellar
o EIA
K Antigen (Kapsel) – Capsular
Vi – Virulence Antigen o Western Blot
o O Antigen o PCR
Thermostable Bull’s Eye Rash
(One) Somatic/Body Antigen o Erythema cronicum migrans – Rash in Lyme disease
Laboratory Diagnosis of Typhoid Fever
o Culture Method – Gold Standard LEPTOSPIROSIS
Causative Agent: Leptospira interrogans
o Widal Test – Detect Agglutination
Infection stages
(+) Agglutination
o Septicemia stage
o Typhidot
o Immunological stage
Detect IgG (Past infection) or IgM (Present
Laboratory Diagnosis
infection)
o Culture Method
Samples
o 1st and 2nd weeks – Blood o Microscopy
o 3rd week – Urine o Serological Test
o 4th week - Stool
SYPHILIS/GREAT POX/EVIL POX/SPANIS DISEASE
Caused by Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum
RICKETTSIAL INFECTION
Corkscrew motility
Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum
o Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum – Syphilis
o Treponema pallidum subsp. pertenuae - Yaws
o Treponema pallidum subsp. endemicum – Nonvenereal
(endemic) syphilis/Bejel
o Treponema carateumi – Pinta
o Species are indistinguishable from each other
General characteristics of Treponema pallidum
o Too thin to be seen with light microscopy in specimens
2 Distinct groups: stained with Gram stain or Giemsa stain – Dark field
o Spotted Fever Group (SFG) microscopy or Fluorescence Microscope
o Typhus Group (TG) o Intracellular pathogen
Intracellular, Obligate (Need host to live) o Has Treponemal rare outer membrane proteins
Gram negative, short rods, coccobacillus (TROMPS) – delays immune system of host
Associated to the Arthropod Vector Mode of transmission
o Biological Vector o Sexual intercourse
BS Medical Technology | Third Year, Second Semester | March, 2015 | Clinical Immunology and Serology Semi-Final Period |Page 2 of 4
Trinity University of Asia College of Medical Technology
SIM100 Lecture Handouts (Prof. Jude Anthony Trinidad, RMT, MSMT, ASCPi CM)
de Guzman, Angelo Christian O. | 3MT01
BS Medical Technology | Third Year, Second Semester | March, 2015 | Clinical Immunology and Serology Semi-Final Period |Page 3 of 4
Trinity University of Asia College of Medical Technology
SIM100 Lecture Handouts (Prof. Jude Anthony Trinidad, RMT, MSMT, ASCPi CM)
de Guzman, Angelo Christian O. | 3MT01
BS Medical Technology | Third Year, Second Semester | March, 2015 | Clinical Immunology and Serology Semi-Final Period |Page 4 of 4