testmasters PROFESSIONAL EXAM PREPARATION Preparation for the PE CIVIL ENGINEERING Volume 5 2600 North Gessner, Suite 116 Houston, TX 77080 Tel. (713) 529-9752 Fax (281) 276-7789 pe@testmasters.com testmasters.com 8 ConstructionREE OE EU US BYU BU UU UY UU II I 8testmasters Volume 1 Water Resources & Environmental | Tips & Strategies ~ Dr. Haku Ista ven TIP ‘Hydraulics - Dr. Haku Israni. = HYD Open Channel Hydraulies Mr. Mat Lecai OCH Hydrology - Mr. Mat Leclair. — oo HL Groundwater ~ Mr. Mat Leclai w= «GWT Economics ~ Mr. Mark Ingram, ECO Economics - Prof. N.S. Nandagopal.. RCN Culverts ~ Mr. Zahid Mahmo0d vn cuL Volume 2 Water Resources & Environmental II Hydrology, Groundwater, & Wells ~ Mr. Donald Burger. — ses HYG ‘Water Treatment - Mr. Donald Burger... one ‘WAT Wastewater Treatment ~ Mr: Donald BUIge? nue wwr Volume 3 Transportation ‘Transportation ~ Mr. Mark Ingram .. soTTR ‘Transportation ~ Dr. Mason Gemar and Mr. Matt Sneed nw sass SOT Volume 4 Structures & Geotechnical Stress Analysis - Dr, Haku Israni.. STA Structures ~ Dr, Peter Keatingenuou sn STR Timber & Masonry - Dr. Peter Keating 7M. Geotechnical & Foundations - Dr. Daniel Rich ....... rovenrenrs GEO Volume 5 Construction Construction - Mr. John Strybos... oo CON Construction ~ Dr. Kamal Mirtalaei.. NTNCEES advancing censure for ‘enginersand surveyors NCEES Principles and Practice of Engineering Examination CIVIL BREADTH and CONSTRUCTION DEPTH Exam Specifications Effective Beginning with the April 2015 Examinations ‘The civil exam is a breadth and depth examination. This means that examinees work the breadth (AM) examand one of the five depth (PM) exams. ‘The five areas covered in the civil exam are construction, geotechnical, structural, transportation, and water resources and environmental. The breadth exam contains questions from all five areas of civil engineering, The depth exams focus more elosely on a single area of practice in civil engineering. Examinees work all questions in the morning session and all questions in the afternoon module they have chosen. Depth results are combined with breadth results for final score. The exam is an 8-hour open-book exam. It contains 40 multiple-choice questions in the 4-hour AMsession, and 40 multiple-choice questions in the 4-hour PM session. ‘The exam uses both the International System of Units (SI) and the US Customary System (USCS). ‘The exam is developed with questions that will require a variety of approaches and methodologies, including design, analysis, and application, Some problems may require knowledge of engineering economics. ‘The knowledge areas specified as examples of kinds of knowledge are not exclusive or exhaustive categories. The specifications for the AM exam and the Construction PM exam are included here. The design standards applicable to the Construction PM exam are shown on the last page. CIVIL BREADTH Exam Specifications Number of Questions Project Planning 4 A. Quantity take-off methods B. Costestimating C. Project schedules D. Activity identification and sequencing Means and Methods 3 ‘A. Construction loads B. Construction methods C. Temporary structures and facilities Soil Mechanics 6 A. Lateral earth pressure B. Soil consolidation C. Effective and total stresses D. Bearing capacity E, Foundation settlement F. Slopestabilityvi vil. vin. Civil Breadth Exam Specifications Continued Structural Mechanics 6 A. Dead and live loads B. Trusses C. Bending (e.g., moments and stresses) D. Shear (e.g., forces and stresses) E, Axial (eg., forees and stresses) F, Combined stresses G. Deflection H. L J. Beams . Columns . Slabs K. Footings L. Retaining walls Hydraulics and Hydrology 7 A. Open-channel flow B. Stormwater collection and drainage (e.g, culvert, stormwater inlets, gutter flow, street flow, storm sewer pipes) C. Storm characteristics (e.g., storm frequency, rainfall measurement and distribution) D. Runoffanalysis (e.g., Rational and SCS/NRCS methods, hydrographic application, runoff time of concentration) Detention/retention ponds Pressure conduit (e.g., single pipe, force mains, Hazen-Williams, Darcy-Weisbach, major end minor losses) G. Energy and/or continuity equation (e.g., Bernoulli) Geometries 3 ‘A. Basic citcular curve elements (e.g., middle ordinate, length, chord, radius) B. Basic vertical curve elements C. Trafficvolume (e.g, vehicle mix, flow, and speed) mh Materials 6 A. Soil classification and boring log interpretation B. Soil properties (e.g., strength, permeability, compressibility, phase relationships) C. Concrete (e.g., nonreinforced, reinforced) D. Structural steel E. Material test methods and specification conformance F, Compaction Site Development 5 Exeavation and embankment (e.g,, cut and fll) Construction site layout and control ‘Temporary and permanent soil erosion and sediment control (e.g., construction erosion control and permits, sediment transport, channel/outlet protection) ‘Impact of construction on adjacent facilities Safety (e.g., construction, roadside, work zone) FO Oppvi vil. CIVIL-CONSTRUCTION DEPTH Exam Specifications Approximate Number of Questions Earthwork Construction and Layout 6 A. Excavation and embankment (e.g,, cut and fill) B. Borrow pit volumes C. Site layout and control D. Earthwork mass diagrams and haul distance E. Site and subsurface investigations Estimating Quantities and Costs 6 A. Quantity take-off methods B. Costestimating C. Costanalysis for resource selection D. Work measurement and productivity Construction Operations and Methods 7 A. Lifting and rigging B. Crane stability C. Dewatering and pumping D. Equipment operations (e.g., selection, production, economics) E, Deepfoundation installation ‘Scheduling 5 ‘A. Construction sequencing B. Activity time analysis ©. Critical path method (CPM) network analysis, D. Resource scheduling and leveling E, Timecost trade-off Material Quality Control and Production 6 ‘A. Material properties and testing (e.g,, soils, concrete, asphalt) B. Weldand bolt installation C. Quality control process (QA/QC) D. Concrete proportioning and placement E, Concrete maturity and early strength evaluation Temporary Structures 7 ‘A. Cons:ruction loads, codes, and standards B. Formwork C. Falsework and scaffolding. D. Shoring and reshoring E. Bracing and anchorage for stability F, Temporary support of excavation Health and Safety 3 A. OSHA regulations and hazard identification /abatement B. Safety management and statistics C. Workzone and public safetyNCEES REBEL civancng licensure for engineers and urveyors NCEES inciples and Practice of Engineering Examination CONSTRUCTION Design Standards Effective Beginning with the April 2018 Examinations ABBREVIATION DESIGN STANDARD TITLE ASCE 37 Design Loads on Structures During Construction, 2914, American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA, www.asce.ors. MWB Standard Practice for Bracing Masonry Walls Under Construction, 2012, Council for Masonry Wall Bracing, Mason Contractors Association of America, Lombard, IL, www.masoneontractors.org. AISC Steel Construction Manual, 14th ed., 2011, Parts 1-3, 8, 16.1 (Chapters M, N) and 16.2, American Institute of Steel Construction, Inc., Chicago, IL, www.aisc.org. ACI MNL-15 Field Reference Manual, 2016, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, www.concrete.org. ACI347R Guide to Formwork for Concrete, 2014, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, www.conerete.org (in ACI SP-4, 8th edition appendix). ACISP-4 Formwork for Concrete, 8th ed., 2014, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, www.conerete.org. OSHA Construction Industry Regulations: 29 CFR Parts 1903, 1904, and 1926 (US federal version, January 2017), US Department of Labor, Washington, DC. MuTCD-Pté Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices—Part 6 Temporary Traffic Control, 2009, US Federal Highway Administration, ‘www.fhwa.dot.gov. Reference categories for Construction depth module Construction surveying Construction estimating Construction planning and scheduling Construction equipment and methods Construction materials Construction design standards (see above)Construction Preparation for the PE Civil Engineering Exam John W. Strybos, P.E. Test Masters Educational Services, Inc. Page CON. www.testmasters.com Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved, Page CON1Page CON2 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Copyright by www-TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON2TABLE OF CONTENTS Topic Page Cover Page 12 Table of Contents 3-4 References 5 Exam Content 6-10 Formulas and Data 11-30 Quantity Take-off Methods and Cost Estimating Discussion 31-32 Quantity Take-off Methods and Cost Estimating Problems 33-40 Quantity Take-off Methods and Cost Estimating Solutions 41-50 Project Schedules and Activity Identification and Sequencing Discussion 51-56 Project Schedules and Activity Identification and Sequencing Problems 57-64 Project Schedules and Activity Identification and Sequencing Solutions 65-68 Construction Load, Methods, Temporary Structures and Facilities Discussion 69-80 Construction Load, Methods, Temporary Structures and Facilities Problems 81 - 90 Construction Load, Methods, Temporary Structures and Facilities Solutions 91-100 Excavation and Embankment, Construction site layout and control Discussion 101-110 Excavation and Embankment, Construction site layout and control Problems 111-118 Excavation and Embankment, Construction site layout and control Solutions 119-124 Temporary and permanent soil erosion and sediment control (e.g., construction 125- 128 erosion control and permits, sediment transport, channel/outlet protection) and Impact of construction on adjacent facilities Discussion Temporary and permanent soil erosion and sediment control (e.g., construction 129- 132 erosion control and permits, sediment transport, channel/outlet protection) and Impact of construction on adjacent facilities Problems Page CON Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved, Page CON3TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Topic Page Temporary and permanent soil erosion and sediment control (e.g., construction 133- 136 erosion control and permits, sediment transport, channel/outlet protection) Impact of construction on adjacent facilities Solutions Safety (e.g., construction, roadside, work zone) Discussion 137-140 Safety (e.g., construction, roadside, work zone) Problems 141-144 Safety (e.g., construction, roadside, work zone) Solutions 145-148 Earthwork Construction and Layout Problems 149-160 Earthwork Construction and Layout Solutions. 161-168, Estimating Quantities and Costs Problems 169- 180 Estimating Quantities and Costs Solutions 181-190 Construction Operations and Methods Problems 191-202 Construction Operations and Methods Solutions 203- 210 Scheduling Problems 211-216 Scheduling Solutions 217-226 Material Quality Control and Production Problems 227-232 Material Quality Control and Production Solutions 233-238 Temporary Structures Problems 239-242 Temporary Structures Solutions 243-246 Health and Safety Problems 247-264 Health and Safety Solutions 265-276 Index 277 - 286 Page CON4 Copyright by www.TestIMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON4NCEES Principles and Practice of Engineering Examination CONSTRUCTION Design Standards Effective Beginning with the April 2016 Examinations ABBREVIATION DESIGN STANDARD TITLE 1) ASCE 37 Design Loads on Structures During Construction, 2014, American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA, www.asce.org. 2) CMWB Standard Practice for Bracing Masonry Walls Under Construction, 2012, Council for Masonry Wall Bracing, Mason Contractors Association of America, Lombard, IL, www.masoncontractors.ora. 3) AISC Stee! Construction Manual, 14th ed., 2011, Parts 1-3, 8, 16.1 (Chapters MN) and 16.2 American Institute of Steel Construction, Inc., Chicago, IL, www.aise.org, 4) ACIMNL-15 Field Reference Manual, 2016, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, www.concrete.org. 5) ACI347R Guide to Formwork for Concrete, 2014, American Corerete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, www.conerete.org . 6) ACI SP-4 Formwork for Concrete, 8th ed., 2014, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, Ml, www.concrete.org. 7) OSHA Construction Industry Regulations Occupational Safety and Health Standards for the Construction Industry, 29 CFR Parts 1903, 1904, and 1926 (US federal version, January 2017), US Department of Labor, Washington, DC. 8) MUTCD-Pt 6 Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices—Part 6 Temporary Traffic Control, 2009, US Federal Highway Administration, www.thwa.dot.gov Reference categories for Construction depth module 1) Construction surveying 2) Construction estimating 3) Construction planning and scheduling 4) Construction equipment and methods 5) Construction materials 6) Construction design standards (see above) END OF SECTION Page CONS: Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved, Page CONSNCEES Principles and Practice of Engineering Examination CIVIL BREADTH and CONSTRUCTION DEPTH Exam Specifications Effective Beginning with the April 2015 Examinations + The civil exam is a breadth and depth examination. This means that examinees work the breadth (AM) exam and one of the five depth (PM) exams. + The five areas covered in the civil exam are construction, geotechnical, structural, transportation, and water resources and environmental. The breadth exam contains questions from all five areas of civil engineering. The depth exams focus more closely on a single area of practice in civil engineering. + Examinees work all questions in the morning session and all questions in the afternoon module they nave chosen. Depth results are combined with breadth results for final score. + The exam is an 8-hour open-book exam. It contains 40 multiple-choice cuestions in the 4-hour AM session, and 40 multiple-choice questions in the 4-hour PM session. + The exam uses both the International System of Units (SI) and the US Customary System (USCS). + The exam is developed with questions that will require a variety of approaches and methodologies, including design, analysis, and application. Some problems may require knowledge of engineering economics. + The knowledge areas specified as examples of kinds of knowledge are not exclusive or exhaustive categories. * The specifications for the AM exam and the Construction PM exam are included here. The design standards applicable to the Construction PM exam are shown on Page 7. CIVIL BREADTH Exam Specifications Approximate Number of Questions 1. Project Planning 4 A. Quantity take-off methods B. Cost estimating C. Project schedules D. Activity identification and sequencing Page CONG Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON6CIVIL BREADTH Exam Specifications Continued Approximate Number of Questions Il, Means and Methods 3 A, Construction loads B. Construction methods C. Temporary structures and facilities Ill, Soil Mechanics 6 A. Lateral earth pressure B. Soil corsolidation C. Effective and total stresses D. Bearing capacity E, Foundation settlement F. Slope stability IV. Structural Mechanics 6 A. Dead and live loads B. Trusses C. Bending (e.g., moments and stresses) D. Shear (2.g., forces and stresses) E. Axial (eg., forces and stresses) F. Combinad stresses G. Deflection H. Beams 1. Columns J. Slabs K. Footings L. Retaining walls V. Hydraulics and Hydrology 7 A. Open-channel flow B. Stormwater collection and drainage (e.g., culvert, stormwater inlets, gutter flow, street flow, storm sewer pipes) C. Storm characteristics (e.g., storm frequency, rainfall measurement and distribution) D. Runoff analysis (e.g., Rational and SCS/NRCS methods, hydrographic application, runoff time of concentration) E. Detention/retention ponds F. Pressure conduit (e.g., single pipe, force mains, Hazen-Williams, Darcy-Weisbach, major and minor losses) G. Energy and/or continuity equation (e.g., Bernoulli) Page CON7 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved, Page CONTCIVIL BREADTH Exam Specifications Continued Approximate Number of Questions VI. Geometries 3 A. Basic circular curve elements (e.g., middle ordinate, length, chord, radius) B. Basic vertcal curve elements C. Traffic volume (e.g., vehicle mix, flow, and speed) Vil. Materials 6 A. Soil classification and boring log interpretation B. Soil properties (e.g., strength, permeability, compressibility, phase relationships) C. Concrete (e.g., nonreinforced, reinforced) D. Structural stee! E. Material test methods and specification conformance F. Compaction Vill. Site Development 5 A. Excavation and embankment (e.g., cut and fill) B. Construction site layout and control C. Temporary and permanent soil erosion and sediment control (e.g., corstruction erosion control and permits, sediment transport, channeV/outlet protection) D. Impact of construction on adjacent facilities E. Safety (e,g., construction, roadside, work zone) Page CONS Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CONSCIVIL-CONSTRUCTION DEPTH Exam Specifications Approximate Number of Questions |. Earthwork Construction and Layout 6 ‘A. Excavation and embankment (e.g., cut and fil) B. Borrow pit volumes C. Site layout and control D. Earthwork mass diagrams and haul distance E, Site and subsurface investigations Il, Estimating Quantities and Costs 6 ‘A. Quantity take-off methods B. Cost estimating C. Cost analysis for resource selection D. Work measurement and productivity Ill. Construction Operations and Methods 7 A. Lifting and rigging B. Crane stability C. Dewatering and pumping D. Equipment operations (e.g.; selection, production, economics) E. Deep foundation installation WV. Scheduling 5 ‘A. Construction sequencing B. Activity time analysis C. Critical path method (CPM) network analysis D. Resource scheduling and leveling E. Time-cost trade-off V. Material Quality Control and Production 6 A. Material properties and testing (e.g., soils, concrete, asphalt) B. Weld ard bolt installation C. Quality control process (QA/QC) D. Conerete proportioning and placement E. Concrete maturity and early strength evaluation VI. Temporary Structures 7 A. Construstion loads, codes, and standards B. Formwork C. Falsework and scaffolding D. Shoring and reshoring E. Bracing and anchorage for stability F. Temporary support of excavation Page CON Copyright by www-TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CONSCIVIL-CONSTRUCTION DEPTH Exam Specifications Approximate Number of Questions VIL. Health and Safety 3 A. OSHA regulations and hazard identification/abatement B. Safety management and statistics C. Work zone and public safety END OF SECTION Page CON10 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON10FORMULAS AND DATA Earthwork Construction and Layout V = Volume of Earthwork in cubic yards or cubic feet. 1 cubic yard = 27 cubic feet L = Distance (spacing) between cross-sections in feet. L= Length of a triangular spoil pile in feet. R = Angle of Repose in degrees (a property of a soil. B = Base width of triangular spoil pile in feet. H = Height of a triangular or conical spoil pile in feet. D = Diameter of a conical spoil pile in feet A= cross section area in square feet Average end area method: = (0.5)(A1 + Ac(LM/(27 efltey) Prismoidal formula: V = (L/6)*(A1 + 4Am + Az) 1(27 cf/4cy) Triangular Spoil Bank: B = (4V/(L*tanR))°> Triangular Spoil Bank: H = 0.5*B*tanR Conical Spoil Pile: D = (7.84Vi(tanR))9*3 Conical Spoil Pile H=0.5*D'tan(R) Overhaul (cy-stations) = Overhaul volume (cy) * Overhaul distance (stations) Overhaul distance (stations) = Total haul Distance (Stations) — Free haul Distance (stations) Total haul Distance (Stations) = distance (stations) between centers of mass outside free haul Distance Free Haul Volume (CY) = Qverhaul Volume (CY) H = E/O = Excavation cost/Over haul cost E = Excavation cost in $/cy (= Overhaul cost in $vcy-ft Length of economical haul = Free haul distance + H Page CON11 Copyright by www-TestMasters.com, All Rights Reserved. Page CON11FORMULAS AND DATA Earthwork Construction and Layout Earthwork volume for a grid (in CF) = (Average cut depth in feet) * (Area of grid in SF) If multiple grids, then sum volumes of each grid Q="Area’ ina section of a mass haul diagram in cy-stations \V = Maximum or minimum volume in CY that corresponds with the Q. Average Haul distance = H= QV Veer = (Specific Gravity)(Ywater (1 + €)e = void ratio BCY = Bank Cubic Yards = soil in situ, undisturbed, (Cut Volume) = BCY = (Loose Volume)/(1 + swell factor) LCY = Loose Cubic Yards = soil in a stockpile or a dumptruck = LCY = (BCY)*(1 + swell factor) CCY = Compacted Cubic Yards = Soil that has been rolled and compacted (fill Volume) CY = (BCY)*(1 — shrinkage factor) Esti ing Quan’ Outside Perimeter x (length + width + recess) OP =2(L+W+R) W = distance between perimeters Inside perimeter = OP - 8'w IP = OP-8w Mean Perimeter = OP ~4* w= IP +4" w MP = OP - 4w=IP +4w BF = board foot = [Length (foot)]*[nominal size (inches x inches)J(12 inches/foo!) SFCA = square foot of contact area Formwork Conversions To Obtain Gross area of Forms Multiply Net Areas by industrialize Wall Forms. 1.20 Table forms for slabs 4.10 “Tunnel and half-Tunnel forms 115 Page CON12 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON12FORMULAS AND DATA Horizontal Curve Formulas Horizontal Curve (Not to Scale) D = Degree of Curve PC = Point of = Curvature beginning of curve PT = Point of Tangency = end of Curve PI = Point of Intersection= Location where tangents intersect I= Intersection Angle (A) (Angle between two tangents) T = Tangent Distance E = External Distance R= Radius LC = Length of Long Chord M= Length of Middle Ordinate Page CON13 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON13FORMULAS AND DATA Horizontal Curve Formulas c= Length of sub-chord d= angle of sub-chord L = Length of curve, from PC to PT R = 5729.58/D R= LC/(2*sin(U/2)) T = R'tan(l/2) = LC/(2*cos(lv2)) L = Ri/180 = (I"4100)/D M= R(t — cos(l2)] RI(E#R) = cos(/2) (R-M)IR = cos(li2) c= 2R*sin(d/2) E = R*{(1M(cos(1/2)) - 1] Back Tangent is from PC to Pl Ahead or forward Tangent is from Pl to PT PC=PI-T PT=PC+L Azimuth is given as a clockwise angle from the reference direction (usually north). Azimuths cannot exceed 360 degrees. Bearina: the bearing of a line is referenced to the quadrant in which the line falls and the angle that the line makes with the meridian in that quadrant. It is necessary to specify the ‘two cardinal directions that define the quadrant in which the line is found. The north and south directions are always specified first. A bearing contains an angle and a direction from a reference line either north or south. A bearing may not have an angular component exceeding 90 degrees. Page CON14 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved.FORMULAS AND DATA Horizontal Curve Formulas Latitude is the distance that the line extends in a north or south direction. A line that runs towards the north has a positive latitude. A line that runs toward the south has a negative latitude. Departure is the distance that a line extends in the east or west direction. A line that runs toward the east has a positive departure. A line that runs toward the west has a negative departure Latitudes and Departures + Latitude + Departure Page CON15 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON15FORMULAS AND DATA Vertical Curves Formulas Vertical Curve (not to scale) PVI G1 G2 Pvc PVT L= Length of curve Pyc= oint of Vertical Curvature beginning of curve) PVT = Point of Vertical Tangency (end of Curve) PVI = Point of Vertical Intersection (Location where tangents intersect) Gi = Grade of back tangent G2 = Grade of forward or ahead tangent X = Horizontal distance from PVC to point on vertical curve Xm = Horizontal distance to minimum or maximum elevation on vertical curve. Xm = (G4*L)(G1 — G2) Page CON16 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON16FORMULAS AND DATA Vertical Curves Formulas Curve Elevation = Ypve + G(X) + [(G2-G:)/(2L)*(X2) Tangent Elevation = Yeve + G1(X) and Yeu + Ga(X - L/2) Parabola Constant = (G2- Gi)(2L) E = Tangent offset at PVI = a*(L/2)? Tangent Offset = y = ax? A= |G: -G| K = Rate of vertical curvature (AASHTO values) = L/A rate of change of Grade = r= (Gz-Gi)/L VPC EL =VPIEL-G:*(L/2) VPI Station + 0.5*L = VPT Station VPT EL=VPIEL +G2*(L/2) VPI Station - 0.5"L = VPC Station LEVELING (FOR EXAMPLE DIFFERENTIAL, ELEVATIONS, PERCENT GRADE) Leveling is the procedure for determining differences in elevation between points that are some distance from each other. Benchmark (BM) is a fixed solid reference point with a precisely determined published elevation. Backsight (BS) is a sight taken with a level to a point of known elevation, thus permitting the surveyor to compute the elevation of the height of the instrument (HI). In theodolite/total station work, the backsight is a sighting taken to a point of known position to establish a reference direction, Foresight (FS) in leveling, is a sight taken to a benchmark (BM) or turning point (TP) to obtain a check on a leveling operation or to establish a transfer elevation, Elevation (height) of Instrument (Hl) is the elevation of the line of sight of an instrument above a vertical datum, used in leveling Turning Point (TP) in leveling is a solid point where an elevation is temporarily established so that the level may be relocated. HI = (BM elevation) + (Backsight) TP =HI-FS Page CONI7 Copyright by www-TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON17FORMULAS AND DATA Vertical Curves Formulas Grade = slope of the roadway usually expressed as a percent. It is calculated by the amount of vertical elevation change per 100-foot (1 station) horizontal distance. For example, a 5 foot up-hill grade is a 5% grade (+5 feet/100 feet). Scheduling Activity — A distinct, scheduled portion of work performed during the course of a project. Critical Path - The sequence of activities that represent the LONGEST path through a project, which determines the SHORTEST possible duration Critical Path Activity — Any Activity on the critical path in a project schedule. Critical Path Method (CPM) — A method used to estimate the minimum project duration and determine the amount of scheduling flexibility on the logical network paths within the ‘schedule. Crashing - A technique used to shorten the schedule duration for the least incremental cost by adding resources. Dummy Activity — Is an Activity that is added to a schedule to represent a dependency between activities, which does not represent any actual activity. The dummy activity is added to indicate precedence that cannot be expressed using only the actual activities. Such a dumny activity often has a completion time of 0 and is usually shown using a dashed line. Early Finish Date (EF) - The earliest possible point in time when the uncompleted portions of a schedule activity can finish based on the schedule network logic, the data date and any schedule constraints. Early Start Date (ES) - The latest possible point in time when the uncompleted portions of a schedule activity can start based on the schedule network logic, the project completion date and any schedule constraints. Late Finish Date (LF) ~ The latest possible point in time when the uncompleted portions of a schedule activity can finish based on the schedule network logic, the project completion date and any schedule constraints. Late Start Date (LS) - The earliest possible point in time when the uncompleted portions of a schedule activity can start based on the schedule network logic, the data date and any schedule constraints. Page CON18 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON18FORMULAS AND DATA Schedulin: Lag — The amount of time whereby a successor activity is required tc be delayed with respect to a predecessor activity. Lead - The amount of time whereby a successor activity can be advanced with respect to a predecessor activity. Finish to Finish (FF) — A logical relationship in which a successor activity cannot finish until a predecessor activity has finished, Early Start (ES) n#1 = Early Finish (EF)n + Lag — Duration (D)n+t Late Finish (LF) » = Late Start (LS) net - Lag Finish to Start (FS) — A logical relationship in which a successor activity cannot start until a predecessor activity has finished. Early Start (ES) o+1 = Early Finish (EF)n + Lag Late Finish (LF) n = Late Start (LS) net - Lag Start to Finish (SF) ~ A logical relationship in which a successor activity cannot finish until a predecessor activity has started. Start to Start (SS) — A logical relationship in which a successor activity cannot start until a predecessor activity has started, Early Start (ES) n+1 = Early Start (ES)n + Lag Late Finish (LF) » = Late Start (LS) n+ - Lag Total Float (TF) - The amount of time that an activity can be delayed witout delaying the projects estimated completion time. Total float assumes that all preceding activities are finished as early as possible and all succeeding activities are started as late as possible. INTERFERING FLOAT = (IF) = The time available to delay an activity without delaying the project's estimated completion time, but delaying an activity into interfering float will delay the start of one or more following noncritical activities, Page CON19 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved, Page CON19FORMULAS AND DATA Scheduling INTERFERING FLOAT (IF) of activity j = (LATE FINISH (LF) of activity j) - (SMALLEST EARLY START (ES) OF ALL SUCCESSOR ACTIVITIES) FREE FLOAT = (FF) = The duration of time that an activity can be detayed without delaying the project's estimated completion time and without delaying the start of any succeeding activity. Free float is the property of an activity not a network path. FREE FLOAT (FF) of activity j = (MINIMUM EARLY START (ES) OF ALL SUCCESSOR ACTIVITIES) — (EARLY FINISH of activity j) Forward Pass - A technique for calculating the early start and early finish dates by working forward through the schedule model from the project start date. Forward Pass = (EF) Early Finishn =(ES) Early Startn + (D) Durations Backward Pass - A technique for calculating the late start and late finish dates by working backward through the schedule model from the project end date. Backward Pass = (LS) = Late Start = (LF) Late Finishn — (D) Duration, Resource Leveling ~ A technique in which start and finish dates are adjusted based on resource constraints with the goal of balancing demand for resources with the available supply. FORMULAS AND DATA ACI 347R-14 Key definitions Backshores ~ shores left in place or shores placed snugly under a conorete slab or structural member after the original formwork and shores have been removed from a small area without allowing the entire slab or member to deflect or suppott its self-weight and construction loads. Brace — Structural member used to provide lager support for another member, generally for the purpose of ensuring stability or resisting lateral loads. Centering - Falsework used in construction of arches, shells, space structures, or any continuous structure where the entire falsework is lowered (struck or decentered) as a unit. Climbing Form — form that is raised vertically for succeeding lifts of concrete in a given structure. Page CON20 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON20FORMULAS AND DATA ACI 347 Key definitions Drop-Head Shore — shore with a head that can be lowered to removed forming components without removing the shore or changing its support for the floor system. Falsework ~ temporary structure erected to support work in the process of construction; composed of shoring or vertical posting and lateral bracing for formwork for beams and slabs. Flying forms — large, prefabricated, mechanically handled sections of floor system formwork designed for multiple reuse; frequently including supporting truss, beam, or shoring assemblies completely utilized. Form — temporary structure or mold for the support of concrete while it is setting and gaining su‘ficient strength to be self-supporting. Formwork — total system of support for freshly placed concrete, including the mold or sheathing that contacts the concrete as well as supporting members, hardware, and necessary bracing. Ganged Forms — large mechanically hoisted assemblies with special lifting hardware used for forming vertical surfaces; also called “gang forms.” Horizontal lacing — horizontal bracing members attached to shores to reduce their unsupported length, thereby increasing load capacity and stability. Preshores — added shores placed snugly under selected panels of a deck-forming system before any primary (original) shores are removed, Reshores — Shores placed snugly under a stripped concrete slab or other structural member after the original forms and shored have been removed from a full bay, requiring the new slab or structural member to deflect and support its own weight and existing constructicn loads to be applied before installation of the reshores. Scaffold — temporary structure with an elevated platform for supporting workers, tools and materials. Shore — vertical or included support member or braded frame designed to carry the weight of the formwork, concrete and construction loads. Slipform - a form that is pulled or raised as concrete is placed. Page CON21, Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON21FORMULAS AND DATA TEMPORARY STRUCTURES FORMWORK From ACI 347 P (psf) = Cc*Cw*(150 + 9000R/T) for R < 7 ft/hr and Hs 14 ft 4.2.2.1a(b} P (psf) = Co*Cw *(150 + 43,400/T + 2800R/T) for H > 14 ftand 7s R < 15fvh ja(c) Pmin (psf) = Cw*(600) Pmax (psf) = (Unit Weight)*H P = Concrete lateral pressue (psf) W = Unit Weight of concrete use 150 pcf unless otherwise given. H = Height of wall or column in feet. R = Rate of placement of concrete in feet per hour T = Temperature of concrete at time of placement in degrees Fahrenheit. Concrete Unit Weight Coefficients (Cw) from ACI 347-14 Section 4.2, Table 4.2.2.1a(c) Unit Weight of Concrete (w) Cw Less than 140 pef Cu = 0.5(4 + wii48) but notless than 0.8 140 to 150 oof 1.0 More than 150 pef Cu = wit45 Concrete Chemistry Coefficients (Cc) from ACI 347-14 Section 4.2, Table 4.2.2.1a(b) ‘Cement Type Siag Fly Ash Retarders Ce 11, ori None None None 1.0 included 1.2 Any Less than 70 % | Less than 40% None 1.2 Included 1.4 Greater than or | Greater than or None 1.4 equal to 70% | equal to 40% | Included 1.4 Page CON22 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON22FORMULAS AND DATA Applicable lateral pressure equations for concrete other than SCC from ACI 347- 14 Section 4.2, Table 4.2.2.1a(a) Slump* Internal Element Rate of Pressure Vibration Placement Equation Depth Greater than 7 [Any Any Any 4.2.2.falal in. Less than or | Greater than4 | Any ‘Any 42.2.1ala) equal to 7in. | ft Less than or |Lessthan or | Column’ An 42.2-1a(b) equalto7 in. |equalto4ft [Wal less than | Less than 7 fwh | 4.2.2.1a(b) or equal to 14 fttal Wall? greater | Less than 7 fh | 4.2.2.4a(o) than 14 fttall Wall? Tio 15 thr [42.2-taley Greater than | 4.2.2.ta(a) 415 fh a Slump for determination of lateral pressure shall be measured after the addition of all admixtures 1 For the purpose of this document, columns are defined as vertical elements with no plan dimension exceeding 6.5 feet. 2 For the purpose of this document, wallls are defined as vertical elements with at least one plan dimension exceeding 6.5 feet. Cement unit weight = 94 pounds per sack Water unit weight = 62.4 pounds per cubic foot = (8.34 Ib/gal)*(7,48 galicf) Volume = (Weight)/[(Specific Gravity)(Unt weight of water)] Crane Loads Maximum load (from load chart) = (allowable load + slings + spreader bar)(1 + working margin) Page CON23 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON23FORMULAS AND DATA Reinforcement Bar Size and Weights ASTM A615 Bar# Diameter Inch Area (sq. in.) Weight (Ib/ft) 3 0.375 on 0.376 4 0.500, 0.20 0.668, 5 0.625 0.31 1,043, 6 0.750 0.44 1.502 7 0.875 0.60 2.044 8 4.000 0.79 2.670 g 4.128 4.00 3.400 10 4270 4.27 4.30 1 4410 1.56 5.31 14 4.693 2.25 7.65 18 2.257 4.00 13.60 Construction Operations and Methods SCHEDULE VARIANCE = BCWP - BCWS. COST VARIANCE = BCWP - ACWP BCWS = Budgeted Cost of Work Scheduled BCWP = Budgeted Cost of Work Performed = Eamed Value ACWP = Actual Cost of Work Performed LOADER PRODUCTION = P = (3600*Q*F*E)/[T*60"(1+SWELL)] (CY/Hour) LOADER PRODUCTION = P = (3600*Q"F*E*W)/[T"60"2000] (Tons/Hout) Q = Heaped bucket capacity (LCY or tons) F = Bucket fill factor E = Efficiency (minutes per hour) T = Cycle time (seconds) W= Aggregate weight (LB/CY) P=aT P = Productivity Page CON24 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON24FORMULAS AND DATA Common Brick Sizes Modular Series Nominal Size (inxin xin) | Specified Size (in x in x in) Standard Modular 4x2 2/3x8 35/8 x2 %x7 6/8 | Engineer Modular 4x3 15 x8 35/8 x2 3/4 x7 5/8 Closure Modular 4x4x8 35/8 x3 5/8 x7 5/8 Roman 4x2x12 35/8 x 15/8x 11 5/8 Norman 4x2 213x 12 35/8 x2 %x 11 5/8 Utility Noman’ 4x4x12 35/8 x 3 5/8 x 11 5/8 Engineer Norman 4x3 15x 12 35/8 x2 3/4 x 11 5/8 Meridian 4x4x16 35/8 x 3 5/8 x 15 5/8 6 in through wall meridian 6x4x16 5 5/8 x 3 5/8 x 15 5/8 8 in through wall meridian 8x4x 16 75/8 x 3 5/8 x 15 5/8 Double meridian 4x8x 16 3 5/8 x7 5/8 x 15 5/8 Double through wall meridian Bx8x 16 75/8 x7 5/8 x 15 5/8 NonModular Series Standard 35/Bx2AXB Engineer Standard 35/8 x2 3/4 x8 Closure Standard 35/8 x3 5/8 x8 King 23/4 x2 5/8 x 9 5/8 Queen 23/4 x2 3/4 x7 5/8 Worker Health, Safety and Environment Incidence Rate = IR = 200,000N/EH Incidence Rate = the number of recordable injuries and illnesses occurring among a given number of full-time workers (usually 100 full-time workers) over a given period of time (usually one-year) N= Number of reportable injuries and illnesses.(NOT first aid only) EH = Employee Hours EMR = Experience Modification Rate EMR = A measure of how your accident loss prevention and control practices compare to other in the construction industry. The EMR compares your worker's compensation claims experience to other employers of similar size operating in the same type of constructicn business. An EMR of 1.0 indicates that you are at the industry average. An EMR of 0.76 indicates that you are 25% better than the industry average. An EMR of 1.25 indicates that you are 25% worse than the industry average. Page CON25 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON25FORMULAS AND DATA ASTM 02487 Standard Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System) Tio Gh D 2487 FIG.4 Plasticity Chart LIQUID LIMIT (LL) ine 0.9 (LL-8) For classification of fine ‘then .PI=0.73 (LL-20) Equation of “A” Horizontal at then PI (Id) XBONI ALIOILSWId Page CON26 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON26FORMULAS AND DATA ASTM D2487 Standard Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System) ‘Citerla Tor Assigning Group Symbols and Group Names Using Laboratory Teste | Soll Classification - Grou a) [Smmsat Group Name @)—] ‘COARSE: ——Gravals (more Clean Sands ‘Guba and TCE) ‘GW Wall-gradod Gravel ) GRAINED —_—thanS0% of (Less than 5% | ~Guct andlor [Ce 102 ft Mean perimeter = 102-4 (4) = 86 ft Volume concrete = 86 ft x 8 sf = 688 cf/(27 cflcy) = 25.5 cy Page CON44 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CONa4| 107. C) 344 sfca yo Inside perimeter = OP + 4 x (2 x (-4)) | Inside perimeter = 102 + 4 x (-8) => 70 ft Outside forms = 102 x 2 => 204 sfca Inside forms = 70 x 2 = 140 sfca Total formwork = 204 + 140 => 344 sfca ) 108. B) 4,000 bricks NET WALL AREA = (8*14) - (4*6) — (2.67*4) SF ] = 77.33 SF AREA OF ONE BRICK = (2.25 + 0.5)*(8 + 0.5)/(144 sq, in/sf) = 0.1623 SFlbrick J N= (77.3310.1623)*241.03 = 982 BRICKS ) Problem 109 Back J Brick wall information GROSS-SECTION Elevation view of wal. Wallis 8 foot ) ‘TROUGH DOUBLE high by 1¢ feet long with one 6 foot by , WYTHE BRICK WALL 4 footopeningsnd one 2.67 foot by 4 {oot opening. No bricks at openings ‘and penetrations Page CON4S Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved, Page CON4S114. B) $3,400 V= (1.10)(100 f1)(10 f1)(10 in)/(12 invft)/(27 cf/cy) V= 33,95 CY Cost = ($100/cy)(33.95 cy) = $3.395 115. D) $18,250 Total Square footage = A = (100 ft)(10 ft)(2 sides) + (10 ft)(10in)/(12 in/ft)(2 ends) A= 2017 square feet Cost to Lease forms = ($2/ sf)(2,017 sf) = $4,034 Labor Cost to erect forms = ($5/ sf)(2,017 st) = $10,085 " Labor Cost to Strip forms = ($2/ sf)(2,017 sf) = $4,034 Total Cost of formwork = $4,034 + $10,085 + $4,034 = $18,153 146. C) $16,000 The construction of a free-standing wall requires formwork on both faces of the wall. The wall will be built in 5 segments of 20 foot length each. The forms for the wall face will be used 5 times. In addition, the first segment will require formwork for both ends. The remaining four segments will need formwork for one end only. This is because the other end of the wall segment will butt against the adjacent, previously built segment and thus will not need any formwork at that end. First Segment Square footage = A1 AA = (20 fi)(10 ft)(2 sides) + (10 f1)(10in)/(12 invft)(2 ends) = 416.67 square feet Remaining Segment Square footage (for each segment) = A2 A2 = (20 f1)(10 f1)(2 sides) + (10 f1)(10in)/(12 invft)(1 ends) = 408.33 square feet Cost to Lease forms = ($2/ sf)(416.67 sf) + ($0.50/sf)(408.33 sf) *(4 uses} = $1,650 Labor Cost to erect forms = ($5/ sf)(416.67 +4*408.33 sf) = $10,250 Labor Cost to Strip forms = ($2/ sf) (416.67 +4*408.33 sf) = $4,100 Total Cost of formwork = $1,650 + $10,250 + $4,100 = $16,000 END OF SECTION Page CONSO Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CONSO|. Project Planning - Discussion C. Project Schedules D. Activity Identification and Sequencing NOTE: Critical Path Method (CPM) and network Analysis are identified as PM Construction Topics. Discussion is included on CPM due to its relationship to Activity Time Analysis. Project Schedules Information Objectives include the ability to create a simple bar chart and a simple Critical Path Method (CPM) logic network and an understanding of how to use a CPM for determining project status and in identifying float. The ability to calculate resource needs and an understanding of resource leveling strategies. The ability to create a velocity diagram. The ability to develop a linear schedule. ‘A common technique used to understand and organize complex undertaking is to divide the problem into smaller subparts. In construction this technique is applied in both estimating and planning. The critical path method (CPM) is a planning and control technique that provides an accurate, timely, and easily understood picture of the project. The logic diagram graphically portrays the relationships between project activities, Planning creates an orderly sequence of events. It serves the manager by pointing out the things to be done, their sequence how long each task should take and who is responsible for which tasks or actions. A common technique used to understand and organize complex undertakings is to divide the problem into smaller subparts. Each activity is a discrete task + Activities consume time. + Activities usually consume physical resources + Activities have definable start and finish points. + Activities are assignable. * Activities are measurable. Page CONS1. Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved, Page CONS.The bar chart (Gantt Chart) is widely used as a construction-scheduling fool because of its simplicity, ease of preparation, and understandable format. Normally the activities are listed in chronological order according to their start date. Discontinuous bars are sometimes used on hand drawn bar charts to represent interruptions of activities. It does not clearly show the detailed sequence of the activities. It does not show which activities are critical to the successful, timely completion of the project. The Figure below and the Figure at the end of this section of notes shows examples of bar charts. stone Gantt Charts show milestones. A milestone is typically shown as a solid diamond and has no duration. It represents a key task in a project such es the Notice to Proceed, Milestone Gantt Chart MAR | APR | MAY | JUNE | JULY | AUG | SEP Gantt Charts with Dependencies show precedence logic between the activities. Gantt with Dependencies MAR | APR | MAY | JUNE ‘AUG Baseline Gantt shows planned versus actual by duration for an activity by “splitting” the duration. Baseline Chart TASK | JAN | FEB | MAR | APR | MAY | JUNE | JULY | AUG | SEP Sw 2 Sos j SSK C._’| Page CONS2 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CONS2imi shown below. Timeline Chart ine Gantt is the most common type of Gantt Chart and is similar fo the chart TASK | JAN | FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG | SEP The CPM isa foo! that assists the planning, scheduling, and controlling cf the project. The logic diagram graphically portrays the relationships between project activities. With this information, it is easier to plan, schedule, and contro! the project. Before the diagram can be develosed, the project must first be constructed mentally to determine activity relationships. Example Critical Path Method schedules are shown below. 40 p15 16 30 > Start 20 J 40] 26 [35 T I Page CONS3 Copyright by www-TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CONS3For each activity ask: — Can this activity start at the beginning of the project? (Start activities) Which activites must be finished before this one begins? (Precedence) For each activity ask: — Which activities may either start or finish at the same time this one does? (Concurrence) Which activities cannot begin until this one is finished? (Succession) The two basic logic symbols on the precedence diagram are the node and the precedence arrow shown below. Example Critical Path Method node notation is shown below. Early Start Activity ID Early Finish Late Start Duration Late Finish Forward Pass + The earliest time each activity in the network can start and finish. + The minimum overall duration of the project. + Early Finishn = Early Start, + Durationn Early Start NS Early Finish Duration (+) Page CONS4 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CONS4Backward Pass + Abackward pass through the logic network will produce the latest point in time that each network activity can start and finish, and still maintain the minimum overall project duration. | Late Start =<-— Duration (-) <— Late Finish A critical ectivity can be determined from the logic network by applying either of the following rules: > The early start and late start times for a particular activity are the same. > The early finish and late finish time for a particular activity are the same. The duration must be equal to the difference between the ES and the EF or the difference between the LS and the LF. EF - ES = Duration or LF - LS = Duration Critical activities are linked together forming a path from the start activity to the finish activity called a critical path. FREE FLOAT = (FF) = The duration of time that an activity can be delayed without delaying the project's estimated completion time and without delaying the start of any succeeding activity. Free float is the property of an activity not a network path. FREE FLOAT (J) = MINIMUM EARLY START OF ALL SUCCESSOR ACTIVITIES ~ EARLY FINISH (J) INTERFERING FLOAT = (IF) = The time available to delay an activity without delaying the project's estimated completion time, but delaying an activity into interfering float will delay the start of one or more following noncritical activities. INTERFERING FLOAT (J) = LATE FINISH (J)- SMALLEST EARLY START OF ALL SUCCESSOR ACTIVITIES Page CONS: Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved, Page CONSTOTAL FLOAT = (TF) = The amount of time that an activity can be delayed without delaying the projects estimated completion time. Total float assumes that all preceding activities are finished as early as possible and all succeeding activities are started as late as possible. TF =FF+IF TF=LS-ES TF=LF-EF Float is the duration of time that is available to complete an activity beyond the activity's duration. Late start time (LS) is the latest time the activity may start without delaying the entire project. Velocity diagrams present a graphical picture of the relationship between time and the accomplishment of an activity. The vertical axis of the diagram represents accomplishment of a work task; cubic yards excavated, miles of road built, miles of pipeline constructed. The horizontal axis presents construction time. An example Velocity Diagram is shown below. Example Velocity Diagram (Road Construction) Distance (miles) Time (months) — Linear Production Rate = = Scheduled Production Rate # © # Unfavorable Weather Unfavorable Sot = *Fovorable sol END OF SECTION Page CONSE Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CONS6|. Project Planning - Problems C. Project Schedules D. Activity Identification and Sequencing 201. The estimate for a five-story office building included 72 doors on each of the upper three floors. In developing the bid, the estimator used a production rate of 2.0 carpenter man-hours to hang a door. The project superintendent is organizing the carpenter crews to include three carpenters per crew. What is the duration (in days) of the activity to hang all the doors on the upper three floors? Assume an eight-hour workday. Assume one crew. A) 6 Days B) 12 Days C) 18 Days D) 24 Days 202. The estimate for a three-story dormitory included 30 plumbing fixtures on each of the floors. In developing the bid, the estimator used a production rate of 1.6 man-hours to install a fixture. The project superintendent is organizing the plumbing crews to include two plumbers per crew. What is the duration (in days) of the activity to install all the fixtures in the dormitory? Assume an eight-hour workday. Assume one crew. A) 6 Days B) 9 Days ©) 18 Days D) 24 Days Page CONS7 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CONS7203. What type of Gantt chart is illustrated below? A) Milestones Gantt B) Gantt with dependencies C) Baseline Gantt D) Timeline Gantt JULY | AUG [SEP loon]. 204. What is the duration in days of the project given the activities below using start to finish precedence logic? Activity Duration (Days) AtoB Btoc CtoH CtoD DtoE EtoF vk ON Fh @O FtoG GloH A) 13 days - B) 17 days C) 21 days D) 24 days Page CONS8 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved, Page CONSS205. Given the following data, how much is spent at the end of the 10" day? Expenditures ($1,000) Predecessor ___Duration (days| A 6 None 3 B 12 A 3 c 14 B 4 D 5 A 2 E 8 D 5 A) $27,050 B) $34,800 C) $45,000 D) $56,000 206. Using the same information from Problem 205, how much is spent by Day 87 A) $27,050 B) $34,800 c) $47,000 D) $56,000 Page CONSS Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CONS9207. An activity-on-arrow network for a project is shown below. Numbers adjacent to arrows are activity duration in weeks. Letters represent activity Identification. For example, A-4 represents Activity A with a duration of 4 weeks. The minimum time to complete the project is most nearly: A) 12.weeks B) 13 weeks C) 14 weeks D) 15 weeks Problem 207 D7 E6 [xa] B3 us lesil Fé Page CONGO Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CONGO208. An activity-on-arrow network for a project is shown below. Numbers adjacent to arrows are activity duration in weeks. Letters represent activity Identification. For example, A-4 represents Activity A with a duration of 4 weeks. The early start date for Activity G is: A) 11 weeks B) 12 weeks C) 13 weeks D) 14 weeks Problem 208 D7 6 a3 at Hs BS as F6 Page CON61. Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON61209. An activity-on-arrow network for a project is shown below. Numbers adjacent to arrows are activity duration in weeks. Letters represent activity Identification. For example, A-4 represents Activity A with a duration of 4 weeks. The Total Float for Activity Gis A) Oweeks B) 1 week Cc) 2weeks D) 3 weeks Problem 209 D7 ry 63 a B3 Ha cs GO 210. For activities in a network, which is the CORRECT statement: A) Float is always positive for activities on the critical path B) Critical path is the longest path that connected activities take from start to finish. C) Critical path is the shortest path that connected activities take from start to finish. D) The terms “activity” and “event” are synonymous. Page CON62 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON62211. An arrow diagram in the critical path method (CPM) is shown below. Activity Duration AB 5 BC 10 cD 4 D-E 1 BF 15 F-D 5 D-G 5 GE 6 Which of the following statements is INCORRECT: ‘A) The minimum time required to finish the project is 36 days B) The float for activity FD is zero. C) The Earliest Start time event F can be complete in 20 days. D) The earliest time event D can be completed is 19 days. Problem 211 CPM Diagram — Page CONG3 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com, All Rights Reserved, Page CON63212. The longest path through a project network diagram is called: A) Path float B) Latest Finish Time (LF) C) Late Start Time (LS) D) Critical Path 213. On the Project Productivity Chart shown below, at Point C, what is current phase of the project: Problem 213 - Project Summary x20 Time (Months) ‘A) Mobilization and start up B) Construction C) Punch list and Close out D) Project Planning END OF SECTION Page CONGS Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON641. Project Planning - Solutions A. Project Schedules B. Activity Identification and Sequencing 201. C. 18 DAYS Using the number of doors and the production rate from the estimate: Production rate: = (1 door'2 man hours)*(3 carpenters) =1.5 doors per hr Per floor activity duration hours: (72 doors/floor)*(1 hour/1.5 doors) = 48 hr per floor Per floor activity duration days: = (48 hours per floor/8 hours per day) = 6 days per floor 3 FLOORS * 6 DAYS PER FLOOR = 18 DAYS 202. B.9 Days Using the number of fixtures and the production rate from the estimate’ Production rate: = (1 fixture/1.6 man hours)*(2 plumbers) = 1.25 fixtures per hr Per floor acivity duration hours: = (30 fixtures/floor)*(1 hour/1.25 fixtures) = 2¢ hr per floor Activity duration days: 203. D) Timeline Gantt This is a basic timeline Gantt. No milestones, dependencies, or baselines are included. 204, D) 24 Days (24 hours per floor)/8 hours per day)*(3 floors) = 9 days Problem 204 Path A to B to C to H duration = 3 + 6 +4 = 13 days Path A to B to C to D to E to F to G to H duration = 3+6+2+3+4+2+4 = 24 days Page CON6S Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON6S205. C) $45,000 probiem: 205 A(3) B (3) Cc (4) D(2) E (6) PathA-B-C duration = 3+ 3 + 4 = 10 days “expenditures = 6,000 + 12,000 + 14,000 = $32,000 Path A-D-E duration = 3 +2 + 5 = 10 days Expenditures = 5,000 + 8,000 = $43,000 Total Expenditures = 13,000 + 32,000 = $45,000 Do not double count expenditures for Task A. 206 B) $34,800 Ais complete, B is complete but C is only 50% complete (2 days out 4 days) so use 50% of C, D is complete and E is 60% complete (3 days out of 5 days) so use 60% of E. 6,000 + 12,000 + 0.5*14,000 + 5,000 + 0.6*8,000 = $34,800 20: 15 weeks The longest path is the minimum time to complete the project. AD-G=4+7+3=14 weeks BE-G=3+6+3=12 weeks C-F-H = 5 +6 +4 = 15 weeks = longest path = minimum time to complete project Page CON66 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON66208. A) 11 weeks The longest path is the earliest an activity can start. A-D=4+7=11 weeks B-E=3+6 =9weeks 208. D) 1 week Critical path is C-F-H = 5 +6 + 4 = 15 weeks Late Finish for Activity G = 15 weeks Early Start for activity G is on path A-D = 4 +7 = 11 weeks Activity G has a duration of 3 weeks Duration of Path A-D-G = 4+7 +3 = 14 weeks Early Finis for Activity G = 14 weeks Total Float = Late Start — Early Start = Late Finish — Early Finish Total Float= 15-14 = 1 week 210. B) Critical path is the longest path that connected activities take from start to finish. A commonly used method to schedule a construction project is called the Critical Path Method (CPM). Chcice B is correct because, a critical path is defined as the longest path that connect activities take from start to finish Choice A is incorrect because, float is always zero for activities on the critical path. Choice C is incorrect because it states the “shortest” path, Choice D is incorrect because, Ina CPM diagram, an activity is represented by an arrow and an event is represented by a node. For an event to happen, all activities culminating at the node must be completed. So terms “activity” and event are not synonymous. Page CON67 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CONG7211. D) The earliest time event D can be complete is 19 days. ACPM arrow diagram can also be called activity-on-arrow network. In this diagram, the nodes are events and the arrows represent activity. To complete an event, all activities culminating at the node must be completed. The minimum time required to finish the project is 36 days, with activities A, B, F, D, G and E being on the critical path. The float time for activity FD is zero because it is on the critical path. The earliest time Activity BF can be completed is 20 days because it can be started on day 5 upon completion of Activity AB and it would take 15 days to complete activity BF. To complete an event, all activity culminating at the node must be completed. Thus for Event D to be completed, activities AB, BF and FD must be completed. This would take 25 days. 24 D) Critical Path The longest path through a network diagram is the Critical Path. It is the shortest period of time in which a project may be completed. 213. B) Construction This type of diagram is called an S-Curve. An S-curve is a graphic display of cumulative costs, labor hours, percentage of work, or other quantities, plotted against time. The S- curve is used to depict Planned Value, Earned Value and Actual Cost of project work. A to B is Project Start up and mobilization B to D is Project Construction D to E is project Punch list and Close out. END OF SECTION Page CONGS Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CONG8ll. Means and Methods - Discussion A. Construction Loads B. Construction Methods C. Temporary Structures and Facilities Asphalt Designations RC = RAPID CURE MC = MEDIUM CURE SC = SLOW CURE PG = PERFORMANCE GRADING RAP = RECYCLED ASPHALT PAVEMENT HMA = HCT MIX ASPHALT AC = ASPHALT CONCRETE, BM = BITUMINOUS MIX HCM = HOT MIX ASPHALTIC CONCRETE PG 64-22 PG = Performance Grading 64 = Seven day average high temperature (°C) of the pavement that the project location will likely experience in its lifetime. -22 = Seven day average low temperature (°C) of the pavement that the project location will ikely experience in its lifetime. Productivity Rate(R), is the total quantity to be installed (Q) divided by the total installation time (T) Efficiency Factor = Actual working Time/ Total Time Production Cost = Equipment costs per hour/ Equipment production pe: hour Page CON6S Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON6SBackhoe (hoe) Productivity Example Problem 1 With a 45 minutes per-hour efficiency what is the best probable producticn in LCY/hr for a 3.5cy shortstick hoe excavating well blasted rock (fill factor =0.75)? The average depth of excavation is 12 feet and the angle of swing is 50° (Cycle time = 22 seconds). Bucket size (LCY) 3.5 cy Material well blasted rock fill factor 0.75 (given information) Cycle time, ((oad, swing load, dump and swing empty) = 22 seconds (given information) Looking for @ LCY solution, so do not need to apply a swell factor. Efficiency = 45 minutes/60 minutes =0.75 Probable Production = (Capacity)’(Efficiency)*(Fill Factor)/(Cycle Time) 3.5 CY * (0.75) * 0.75/ (22 seconds/60 seconds per minute)*(60 minutes/hour) +=322 LCV/HR Backhoe (hoe) Productivity Example Problem 2 If the loose well blasted rock weighs 2,640 pounds per cubic yard, what is the productivity in tons per hour. P = (822 LCY/HR)*(2,640 pounds/LCY)*(1 ton/ 2,000 pounds) = 425 tons per hour To estimate loading time you need to know: > Payload capacity of the hauling unit > Payload of the hoe bucket > Hoe cycle time Payload will be limited by either the heaped (volumetric) capacity or by the load weight (gravimetric). Total loading time = (number of bucket passes) x(hoe cycle time) Number of bucket passes = Payload of Hauler/Payload of Bucket Page CON70 Copyright by www.TestNtasters.com. All Rights Reserved, Page CON70Number of bucket passes =Vertical Formwork - A Layered System A temporary Structure is any means or methods which provide temporary support, access, enhancement, or otherwise facilitate the construction of permanent structures. These include: > Concrete Formwork Scaffolding Falsework/shoring Cofferdams Underpinning Diaphragm/slurry walls Earth-retaining Structures Construction Dewatering vvvvVVY Horizontal pressure on the surface of the forms, proportional to the density and depth of the concrete in a liquid or semiliquid state. Lateral pressure of concrete on vertical forms. In the figure below, Figure (a) shows a full liquid head pressure. Figure (b) shows a situation where the concrete began to harden, thus exerting a pressure at the lower part of the form that is less than the full liquid head pressure (deoth of fluid concrete from top of placement is fn). Figure (c) shows a situation similar to Figure (b), but with a lower rate of filing the forms; this results in yet a lower maximum pressure and a smaller height of liquid head pressure, hz < hi. Page CON72, Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON72Loads on Formwork (Not to Scale) h1 _ Earned Value Analysi BCWS = Budgeted Cost of Work Scheduled = Planned Value BCWP = Budgeted Cost of Work Performed = Earned Value ACWP = Actual Cost of Work Performed = Actual Value Variances SCHEDULE VARIANCE = SV= BCWP -BCWS SV > is good (ahead of schedule) SV (is good (under budget). CV <00 is bad (over budget). Page CON73 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON73Indices Cost Performance Index = CPI = (BCWP/ACWP) = (Eamed/Actual) CPI < 1 means that the cost of completing the work is higher than planned (over budget) (bad) CPI = 1 means that the cost of completing the work is right on plan (good) CPI > 1 means that the cost of completing the work is less than planned (under budget) (good or sometimes bad). Schedule Performance Index = SPI = (BCWP/BCWS) = (Eamed/Planned) SPI > 1 is good (ahead of schedule). Forecasting BAC = Budget at Completion = Original Project Estimate ETC = Estimate to Complete = (BAC - BCWP)/CPI EAC = ‘stimate at Completion = (ACWP + ETC) To-Complete Performance Index (TCP!) The TCPI provides a projection of the anticipated performance required to achieve either the BAC or the EAC. TCPI indicates the future required cost efficiency needed to achieve a target BAC (Budget At Completion) or EAC (Estimate At Complete). Any significant difference between CPI, the cost performance to date, and the TCPI, the cost performance needed to meet the BAC or the EAC, should be accounted for by management in their forecast of the final cost. For the TCP! based on BAC (describing the performance required to meet the original BAC budgeted total) ‘ TCPI = (BAG — BEWS)/(BAG — ACWP) For the TCP! based on EAC (describing the performance required to meet a new, revised budget total EAC): TCPI = (BAC — BCWP)/(EAC - ACWP) Page CON74 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON74Independent Estimate At Completion (IEAC] The IEAC is a metric to project total cost using the performance to date to project overall performance. This can be compared to the EAC, which is the manager's projection. IEAC = ACWP + (BAC — BCWP)/CPI Equipment Productivity LOADER PRODUCTION = P = (3600*Q*F*E)/[T*60*(1+SWELL)] (Units are CY/hour) LOADER PRODUCTION = P = (3600°Q*F*E*W)/[T*60*2000] (Units are Ton/hour) Q = Heaped bucket capacity (LCY) F = Bucket fll factor E = Efficiency (minutes per hour) T = Cycle time (seconds) W= Aggregate weight (LB/CY) P=QT 1. Load with exchange a te Dump and maneuver Earthwork Operations Manufacturer's specification sheets will list both struck and heaped capacities. Struck material measured straight across the top of the body. Trucks Required = (Truck Cycle Time)/Loader Cycle Time Page CONS Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON75Page CON76 Heaped material based on a 2:1 slope above hauler bodies. Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON76Tower Cranes The flexibility of its freely suspended hook moving in three planes provides a tremendous advantage in terms of load pick-up and positioning. Advantage of having both the operator and ji above the construction site. The hoist cable runs from the hoist drum located on the crane's counter jib, through the jib and then to the trolley and down to the hook SLEWING RING LOCATION Fixed tower-type crane has the slewing ring located at the top of the tower and the jib slews around the vertical axis of the tower Slewing ring located at the base of the tower and both the tower and jib slew relative to the base. Fixed base (stationary) — either free standing or braced to the building structure Climbing - lifts itself on the building structure as the work progresses. Usually climbs through an opening within the structure. Must insure that the structure's framing has sufficient load carrying capacity to support the added stresses of the combined weight of the crane and the lifted loads. ‘Traveling - on rails or wheels Maximum ‘ree standing height is the height to which a tower crane can safely rise from its base without the need of external bracing for lateral stffing, Maximum braced height is the height to which a tower crane can safely rise from its base with additional external bracing for lateral stiffing. Page CON77 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved, Page CON77Boom tip extension (jib) Hoist cable Boom hoist cable. Revolving deck Crawler mounting Track Mounted Crane Components Page CON78 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved, Page CON78Reinforced Concrete Joint Terminology Definitions from ACI 318-14 Chapter 2 Notation and Terminology Contraction Joint — Formed, sawed, or tooled groove in a concrete structure to create a weakened plane and regulate the location of cracking resulting from the dimensional change of different parts of the structure. Isolation Joint — separation between adjoining parts of a concrete structure, usually a vertical plane at a designed location such as to interfere least with performance of the structure, yet such as to allow relative movement in three dimensions and avoid formation of cracks elsewhere in the concrete, and through which all or part of the bonded reinforcement is interrupted. Joi = potion of structure common to intersecting members. Definitions from PCA Design and Control of Concrete Mixtures 14! Edition Page 12 Contraction (shrinkage control) joints - are grooved, formed, or sawed into sidewalks, driveways, pavements, floors and walls so that cracking will occur in these joints rather than in a random manner. Contraction joints permit movement in the plane of a slab or wall. They extend to a depth of approximately one-quarter the concrete thickness. Isolation joints — separate a concrete placement from other parts of a structure and permit horizontal and vertical movements. They should be used at the junction of floors with walls, columns, footings and other points where restraint can occur. They extend the full depth of slabs and include a premolded joint filler. Construction joints — occur where concrete work is concluded for the day. They separate area of concrete placed at different times. In slabs-on-ground construction joints usually align with, and function as control or isolation joints. They may require dowels for load transfer. Definitions from PCA Design and Control of Concrete Mixtures 14'” Edition Appendix Glossary Construction joint ~ a stopping place in the process of construction. A true construction joint allows for bond between new conorete and existing concrete and permits no movement In structural applications their location must be determined by the structural engineer. In slab-on-grade applications, construction joints are often located at contraction (control) joint locations and are constructed to allow movement and perform as construction joints. Page CON79| Copyright by www.Testiiasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON79Contraction joint — weakened plane to control cracking due to volume change in a concrete structure. Joint may be grooved, sawed, or formed. Also known as a “Control Joint.” Expansion joint - a separation provided between adjoining parts of a structure to allow movement. Isolation joint — separation that allows adjoining parts of a structure to move freely to one another, both horizontally and vertically, PCA Design and Control of Concrete Mixtures 14" Edition Pages 206-210 has additional information on joints Definitions of Ready Mix Concrete Water tightness is the ability of concrete to hold or retain water without visible leakage. Generally, less permeable concrete is more watertight. A lower water-cement ratio reduces permeability, thereby increasing water tightness. Workability is the ease of placing, consolidating and finishing freshly mixed concrete. Lowering the water-to-cement ratio decreases the workability. Strenath is the ability of concrete to resist strain or rupture induced by external forces. Lowering the water-to-cement ratio increases the strength Durability is the ability of concrete to resist weathering, chemical attack, abrasion and other service conditions. Lowering the water-to-cement ratio increases the durability. Reference: Portland Cement Association, Design and Control of Concrete Mixtures. END OF SECTION Page CONBO Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON8Ot Means and Methods - Problems A. Construction Loads B. Construction Methods C. Temporary Structures and Facilities 301. Which of the following would a cast-in-place ground slab or floor not use to separate steel reinforcing bars or wire mesh from the ground? | Precast cementitious blocks Il Metal chairs II. Wood risers IV. Wire bolsters V. Plastic bar supports VI. Cellulose spacer blocks A) Ill and VI B) |, Ill, and VI C) I, I, IV, and V D) Il, IV, Vand VI 302. Which of the following types of joints typically does not use dowels? |. Corstruction joints I. Cortrol joints Ill. Cortraction joints IV. Expansion joints V. Isolation joints A) land V B) Il and V C) Illand iv D) I, Il, (Vand V Page CONS1 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON81303. In addition to location of the pour, tremie concrete poured underwater differs from common conerete poured in the air primarily in its: A) placement method and equipment B) components and additives C) specific gravity D) aggregate size 304. In very hot weather, thin floor slabs of newly poured concrete would most normally be: A) Sprinkled with rock salt or potassium chloride B) Sprayed with or submerged with water C) Kept insulated by dry burlap insulation D) Covered by cube or slush ice. 305. An unreinforced concrete beam of 145 pef weight concrete and spanning 12-feet has a compressive strength of 3,000 psi. What is most nearly the modulus of elasticity of the beam? A) 2,600ksi B) 3,200ksi C) 3,300 ksi D) 3,600 ksi 306. An unreinforced concrete beam of 145 pof weight concrete and spanning 12-feet has a compressive strength of 3,000 psi. What is most nearly the modulus of rupture of the beam? A) 300 psi B) 400 psi C) 500 psi D) 600 psi Page CON82 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CONB2307. What type of cement should be used for a concrete placement that requires high early strength? A) Type! B) Type ll C) Type lil D) Type IV 308. A four lane concrete highway is to be paved in two passes, two acjacent lanes at a time. To facilitate connecting with the subsequent pour, the edge of the concrete is fitted with concrete dowels running transverse to the direction of travel, and the edge is keyed. This joint would most likely be referred to as a A) Transverse, tied and keyed expansion joint B) Transverse, tied and keyed construction joint C) Skewed contraction joint D) Longitudinal tied construction joint 309. Itis 100° F and you are placing conorete. In order to keep your aggregate cool, which of the following methods are applicable? |. Add ice to the concrete mix Il. Shade and cool (spray water on) your aggregate piles. Ill Paint your equipment white. Al 8)Il C) 1! and ttt D) | II. And ttl Page CONS3 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CONS3310. The compressive strength of concrete depends primarily on which of the following factor(s): |.Shape of aggregate particles I.Water- cement ratio Ill.Conditions of mixing IV.Curing and aging time A) land tl B) Il only C) |, Hand iv D) Alll of the above 311. An asphaltic road mixture component has been graded as PG 58-22. What is the lowest seven-day average temperature that pavement using the component is expected to experience? A) -58°C B) -22°C C) 22° D) 58°C, 312. Two unit item bids are shown below. The earth and rock excavation quantities are estimated based on geotechnical engineering reports. However, due to differing site conditions, the quantities may reverse by 100 CY. The possible reversed quantities are 9,900 CY of earth excavation and 1,100 CY of rock excavation. As a project engineer, you should recommend the owner to: Work Items BidA Bid B 10,000 CY of earth excavation (SCY) $8.00 $4.40 1,000 CY of rock excavation (S/CY) $15.00 $50.00 A) Accept Bid B. B) Accept Bid B for soil excavation work item and reject the rock excavation work. item. C) Accept Bid A for rock excavation work item and reject the soil excavation work item D) Reject Bid B. Page CONS4 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CONS4Use the following information to work Problems 313 and 314. Abackhoe with a bucket capacity of 1 cubic yard has a standard production rate of 960 cubic yards per day for an 8 hour day with a 30 second cycle time. The following work conditions at the site affect the productivity of the backhoe. Work Conditions at the Site Factors Bulk Composition 0.954 Soil Properties and water content 0.983 Equipment idle time for worker breaks 0.800 ‘Management efficiency 0.700 313. Determine the job site productivity (CY/day) of the backhoe. A) 504 CY/day B) 637 CY/day C) 800 CY/day D) $60 CY/day 314. Determine the actual cycle time of the backhoe. A) 30 seconds B) 40 seconds C) 50 seconds D) 87 seconds Page CONS Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON8SUse the following information to work Problems 315 and 316 A. dump truck with a capacity of six cubic yards is used to dispose of excavated materials. The distance from the dump site is 4 miles and the average speed of the dump truck is 30 mph. The dump truck standard dumping time is 30 seconds. The job-site productivity of the backhoe is 504 cubic yards per 8-hour day with a cycle time of 57 seconds. The backhoe has a bucket with a capacity of 1 cubic yard. The job site productivity of the backhoe is modified by a swell factor of 0.1. The only factors affecting the job-site productivity of the dump truck are 0.80 for equipment idle time and 0.70 for management efficiency. 315. Determine the job site productivity (CY/day) of one dump truck per 8 hour day. A) 60.0 CY/day B) 72.6 CYiday C) 80.0 CYiday D) 92.0 CY/day 316. Determine the number of trucks needed daily. A) 6 Trucks B) 7 Trucks C) 8 Trucks D) 9 Trucks Page CON86 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CONS6317. In shored construction, which factors do not influence the length of time between pouring concrete and stripping the forms? ML. MM. VV. V. MI. Weather Project specifications Developed concrete strength ACI 347 Project schedule Local ordinances A) land Ill B) land IV C) land iv D) Vand VI 318. What is the design load for a 10-foot tall concrete wall to be poured at a rate of 4 fi r, internally vibrated at a temperature of 90° F? The concrete mixture will use Type | cement without retarders and is estimated to weigh 150 pcf. A) 275 PSF B) 550 PSF C) 600 PSF D) 1,100 PSF Page CON87 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON87319. Determine the maximum design wall pressure (psf) on concrete forms that will be used for the ‘ollowing data. Conerete weight Height of wal Rate of Placement (R) Concrete Temperature A) 600 psf B) 712 psf C) 1,900 psf D) 2,000 psf 150 pef Type | cement, no Retarders 6 feet 5 fuhr 80°F 320. Normal weight conerete (150 pef) with a 3-inch slump is poured at the vertical rate of 5-feet per hour into the form for a 10-foot high retaining wall. The concrete is vibrated to.a depth of 4-feet. The temperature is 60 °F. Most nearly, what is the design hydrostatic pressure experienced by the formwork? Type I Cement with no retarders.is used. A) 500 PSF B) 600 PSF C) 750 PSF D) 900 PSF 321. Per ASCE 37-14, the formwork for slabs must be designed to resist all but which one of the following: A) Impact loading from the placement of concrete. B) Weight of the concrete C) Construction loads D) Additional live load generated by workers and equipment. Page CONSS Copyright by www.TestIMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CONBB322. Recently your company was awarded a large commercial office building project which is comprised of a reinforced concrete superstructure. You fave the task of designing ‘he formwork. If you use Douglas-fir-larch (d-) for the basis of your design calculations, per, ACI SP-4 the proper value to use for the load duration factor Cs for the wood is most nearly: A) 0.90 B) 1.00 C) 4.18 D) 1.25 323. You are designing a free-standing masonry wall that is 16 feet in height. It will be laterally braced during construction. According to CMWB 2012, the recuired strength of masonry elements and connections to bracing systems must be designed in accordance with which of the following load combinations: 1.0.90 +13W Il. 1.2D + 1.6W III. 0.9D + 1.6W IV. 1.2D + 1.6W + 1.2P A) l only B) | and IV ©) Ill and iv D) Il only 324, A crane is used to lift a 16-ton load. The crane and its ballast weigh 24 tons. The allowable soil pressure is 2,800 psf and the crane is supported by four outriggers. The minimum contact area of each outrigger pad is most nearly: A) 7.26 B) 14.3 sf ©) 21.5sf D) 28.6 sf Page CONES Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON89325. A soil sample, taken from a borrow pit has a specific gravity of 2.66. Six (6) samples with varying moisture content were prepared for the standard Proctor test, The results of the standard Proctor test are shown below. The maximum dry unit weight in pof is most nearly: Sample Weight of soil (pounds) Water Content (%) 1 3.20 128 2 3.78 13.9 3 4.40 15.0. 4 4.40 15.7 5 3.70 16.6 6 3.30 18.1 A) 85 pof B) 90 pef C) 100 pof D) 115 pof 326. What is the correct torque to pretension a 3.75-inch diameter ASTM F3125 Grade A325 bolt? A) 5 foot-pounds B) 50 foot-pounds C) 500 foot-pounds D) Torque varies and is not a suitable measure of pretension. END OF SECTION Page CON90 Copyright by www-TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CONSOPage CONS1 ll. Means and Methods - Solutions A. Construction Loads B. Construction Methods C. Temporary Structures and Facilities Copyright by www-TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CONS.301. A. IIL AND VI After curing, wood and cellulose products would absorb moisture and attract termites. They are not used to support bars in slabs. All of the other listed items are used to separate steel reinforcing bars or wire mesh from the ground, 302. B) land V Control joints, as a method of controlling where cracking will occur, are typically created by saw cutting. Although steel reinforcing may be present at a control jcint, dowels will not. Isolation joints separate concrete slabs from columns, footing, and walls. They are used to separate elements that experience differences in loading (soil pressure) and settlement. No connection between the elements should exist. Expansion and contraction joints can be doweled; the slab slides along the dowel bar as the slab expands or contracts. Construction joints are doweled to ensure complete load transfer when subsequent portions of the slab are poured. Saw cut control joints in concrete Control joints (often confused with expansion joints) are cut into the concrete, and are different from expansion joints. Control joints are cut into the pavement at regular intervals to allow cracking to occur in a controlled fashion. Road control joints may be sealed with hot tar, cold sealant (such as silicone), or compression sealant (such as rubber). An expansion joint is an assembly designed to safely absorb theand contraction of construction materials, to absorb vibration, to hold parts together, or to allow movement due to ground settlement or earthquakes. They are commonly found between sections of buildings, bridges, sidewalks and other structures. Building faces, and concrete slabs expand and contract due to warming and cooling from seasonal variation, or due to other heat sources. Before expansion joint gaps were built into these structures, they would crack under the stress induced. Page CONS2 Copyright by www-TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CONS2303. A) Placement method and equipment Tremie corcrete gets its name from the delivery pipe (the tremie) that reaches from above the water surface to the lowest submerged delivery point. The lower end of the tremie is kept buried in freshly delivered concrete. The concrete is fairly normal inits chemistry and components. Concrete can “fall” a limited distance before it separates. The tremie concrete placement method uses a pipe, through which corerete is placed below water level. The lower end of the pipe is kept immersed in fresh concrete so that the rising concrete from the bottom displaces the water without washing out the cement content. Concrete (150 pef) is heavier than water (62.4 pef), so as the concrete is placed in the form work, the water is displaced to the top. STEEL PIPE. Concrete Hopper Concrete Formwork or casing or submerged water While ice could be used to reduce temperatures until the cooler night arives, it is easier and more cost effective to rely on evaporation of liquid water (that is the swamp cooler effect) to lewer the temperature. Page CONS3 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved, Page CON93305. B) 3,200 ksi Normal weight concrete = 145 pef (unreinforced) Normal weight concrete = 150 pef (reinforced) Ec = 33*145'%(3,000)?5/(1,000 k/pound) Ec = 3,156 ksi 306. B) 400 psi fr = 7.57(3,000)°5 = 411 psi 307. C) Type Ill Type Ill cement is high early strength Page CON94 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CONS4308. D) Longitudinal tied construction joint The joint runs longitudinally along the highway and is tied by the dowels to the next phase of construction (that is the next pour). The key is probably an unnecessary detail, as the dowels will prevent both vertical and lateral separation of the separate pours. -_— Traffic fT Plan view of Highway Longitudinal Joint Not to Scale Cross-section view of highway (Not to scale) Page CONS, Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved, Page CONSS309 D) Alll of the above conditions are allowable for keeping your concrete cool. Ice is water and does not change the actual water to cement ratio of the mix as long as the mix is designed for the addec ice. 340. B) llonly The compressive strength of concrete depends primarily on the wate~cement ratio. However, other factors such as characterization of the cement, conditions of mixing, character and grading of the aggregate, size of the aggregate, size and shape of the specimen, curing and aging, temperature and moisture content at the time of testing also have bearing on the compressive strength. 341. B) 22°C A performance graded asphalt is graded by its high and low seven-day temperature rating. An asphalt graded PG 58-22 has ratings of 58°C and -22°C. 312. _D) Reject Bid B. Total Cost for Bid A = (10,000)(8) + (1,000)(15) = $95,000 Total Cost for Bid B = (10,000)(4.4) + (1,000)(50) = $94,000 Thus, Bid B is the low-cost bid. However, if the work quantities were to change so that the soil is 100CY less and rock is 100 CY more than the estimate, the new cost would be: Total Cost for Bid A = (9,900)(8) + (1,100)(15) = $95,700 Total Cost fer Bid B = (9,900)(4.4) + (1,100)(50) = $98,560 In this case, Bid B is no longer the low-cost bid. In Bid B, the contractor lowered the cost on the soil excavation and disproportionally raised the cost on the rock excavation. This makes Bid B attractive initially, but it is an unbalanced did. Such bids are undesirable and when detected, they should be rejected. The options B and C all for subdividing the excavation work which is impractical. 313. A) 804 CY/day Productivity = (960 cy/day)(0.954)(0.983)(0.8)(0.7) = 504 CY/day Page CONS6 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CONS6314. D) 57 seconds Cycle Time = (30 seconds)/[0.954*0.983*0.8"0.7] = 57 seconds 315. — B) 72.6 CY/day Truck travel time = [(2)(4 miles)(3,600 seconds/hour)}/{(30 mph)(0.8)(0.7)} ,714 seconds Truck fill time (57 seconds)/(0.8°0.7)]*(6 cyl cy) 11 seconds Truck dump time (30 seconds)/(0.8"0.7) = 54 seconds Total cycle time = 1,714 +611 + §4 = 2,379 seconds Job site productivity of one dump truck = [(6 CY)*(8 hours/day)*(3,600 seconds/hour)}/(2,379 seconds) = 72.6 CYiday 316. C) 8 Trucks N=(1.1)(604 CY)/(72.6 CY) =7.6 Round up use 8 trucks 317. D) V AND VI The length of time that formwork is left on before being stripped is an engineering decision, under the jurisdiction of the project engineer. Guidance to the contractor will be placed in the project specifications. The engineer will consider various factors when writing the specifications including developed concrete strength and loading. ACI 347 recommendations may be considered in some situations when the actual requirements are difficult to determine. The specifications may have options dependent on the local temperature, the need to remove insulating formwork, or cool the concrete during curing, The project schedule and local ordinances should not be permitted to dictate the time between pouring concrete and stripping forms. Page CONS7 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CONST348. C. 600 PSE REFERENCE: ACI 347 P = Cw*Co*(150 + 9000*R/T) Cw = 1.0 UNIT WEIGHT COEFFICIENT Cc = 1.0 CHEMISTRY COEFFICIENT R=4 T=90 P = 1*1*(150 + 9000*4/90) = 550 PSF Pmax = WH = 150 * 10 = 1,500 PSF Pmin = 600(1) = 600 PSF 550 < 600 < 1,500 550 psf is less than the required minimum load so round up to required minimum load. DESIGN LOAD 319. B) 712 psf Reference ACI 347 100 PSF R=5fvhr T=80°F H=6ft Cw = 1.0 UNIT WEIGHT COEFFICIENT Co = 1.0 CHEMISTRY COEFFICIENT P = Co*Cw*(150 + 9,000R/T) P = (1)(1)(180 + 9,000(5)/80) P=712 psf Pmax = 150H = 150(6) = 900 psf Pmin = Cw*600 = 1(600) = 600 psf Pmin < P < Pmax 600<712<900 Use P Design = 712 psf Page CONS8 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON98320, D) 900 psf Reference ACI 347 R=5 thr T=60°F H=10ft Cw = 1.0 UNIT WEIGHT COEFFICIENT Cc = 1.0 CHEMISTRY COEFFICIENT P = Cc*Cw*(150 + 9,000R/T) = (1)(1)(150 + 9,000(5)/60) P = 900 psf Pmax = 150H = 150(10) = 1,500 psf Pmin = Cw*600 = 1(600) = 600 psf Pmin

Maximum is where the cut transitions into fill. > Minimum is where the fill transitions into cut. > Above the zero line indicates waste. > Below the zero line indicates borrow. Mass Haul Diagram Example Earthwork Worksheet (10% Fill Factor) For Example, At Station 0+50 Total Fill = 124/cy now divide by (1-fill factor 10%) = 138 cy) Station | Endarea | Volume | Sipping | Total (CY) | Adjusted | Algebraic | Mass (SF) cy) (en) Fill | Sum | Ordinate Cat | FI ot | Fi cut | Fir] eat Bey) | ery |v) oroo} of of of of of of of o 0 0 0 +50 | 0[145| O| 406] o| 18] [724] 736] -138|-138 100 | 0] 112| 0| 210] o[30| o[240[ 267| -267| -405 2+00 | 0| 64] 0[307| 0|44| 0/351| 300| -390/ -796 2+60 | 64| 30| 59| 78| 0| 22] 59/400[ 111| -52/ -847 3+00 | 420|_0| 170| 28 | 26] 0| 144] 28 31] 114|__-734 4r00 |160| o|519| o| 76] 0[443| 0. O[ 443-201 5+00 | 317| 0 8a3|_o| 74] o| oo] 0 of 809/518 6+00 | 51/ 0|¢681| | 60) olé2i[ 0 of 621| 1,140 650 | 46| 6| 90| 6|21| o| 69| 6 6 63| 1,202 7+00 | 0/425] 43] 421| 0|25| 43|446| 63] -120/ 1,082 +00 | 0 186| 0|576| O|81| olées7| 730{ -730| 352 +50 | 0/332] 0/480/ ol69| o[s49[ 610] -160/ -257 Page CON108 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON108Example Mass Haul Diagram (not to scale) 1500 1000 C2 ¢ 00 ° 500 oe 49000 ° 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Centerline Station (Stations) ‘Cumulative Earthwor« Volume (CY) ai eect Page CON109 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON109Relationship Between Profile ew and Mass Haul Diagram Direction Profile view of haul Profile grade line Mass diagram Average haul distance Balance line B (Maximum haul distance) Average Haul Distance END OF SECTION Page CON110 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON110VIL. Site Development Problems A. Excavation and Embankment (e.g. cut and fill) B. Construction site layout and control 401. Find the base width in feet of a triangular spoil bank containing 100 BCY if the pile length is 30 feet, the soil’s angle of repose is 37° and its swell is 25% A) 12.2 feet B) 18.3 feet C) 24.4 feet D) 30.5 feet 402. Find the height of a triangular spoil bank containing 100 BCY if the pile length is 30 feet, the soil's angle of repose is 37° and its swell is 25%, A) 2.3ieet B) 4.6 ‘eet C) 9.2 eet D) 18.4 feet 403, Find the base diameter of a conical spoil pile containing 100 BCY of excavation, if the soils angle of repose is 32° and its swell is 12%. A) 104 feet B) 22.1 feet C) 32.2 feet D) 46.5 feet 404. Find the height of a conical spoil pile containing 100 BCY of excavation, if the soil’s angle of repose is 32° and its swell is 12%. A) 10.1 feet B) 22.1 feet C) 32.2 feet D) 48.5 feet Page CON111 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved, Page CON111405. Estimate the volume of excavation (CY) required (bank measure) for the 30-foot long by 25- foot wide basement shown. Values shown at each comer are depths of excavation. A) 100 cy B) 200 CY C) 300 CY D) 400 cY Problem 405 Basement Floor Plan (not to scale) Saft 50ft cy 2 15 10 North South Dimensions (feet) ° 5 10 8 20 25 20 35 76K East West Dimensions (feet) ear Page CON112 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON112,406. A pile of recycled aggregate material has a diameter of 100 feet at the base and 25 feet at the top. It is 25 feet tall. The volume of pile material is nearly: A) 105,000 cy B) 5,787 cy C) 3,860 cy D) 2,576 cy 407. The following leveling readings were taken: Backsight (BS) reading at Station A = 5.15 feet Inverted sight (IS) reading at Station B = 3.13 feet Foresight (FS) reading at Station C = 32 feet The elevation at Station A is known to be 123.45 feet. The Elevations at Stations B and C are most nearly Elev. atB Elev. AtC A) 12860 126.58 B) 13173 124.28 C) 12547 132.92 D) 121.43 113.98 408. Using the prismoidal formula and 100 foot stations, what is most nearly the prismoidal volume if the two areas are 21 sf and 76 sf respectively and the mean area is 52 sf? A) 50cy B) 170 cy C) 190cy D) 380cy Page CON113 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved, Page CON113409. Using the average-end-area method calculate the cut volume for stations 129 + 00 through 130 + 00. A) 1,200 bey B) 2,500 boy C) 5,200 bey D) 8,300 bey Station End Area Cut (SF) End Area Fill (SF) 125 + 00 0 785) 128 + 00 652 0 127 +00 2,150 0 128 +00 3,210 0 129+ 00 1,255 147 130+ 00 95 780, 131 +00 0 3,666 410. Using the average-end-area method calculate the fill volumes for stations 22 + 00 through 23 + 00. A) Ocey B) 150 coy C) 550 cey D) 600 coy Siation End Area Cut (SF) End Area Fill (SF) 19+ 00 326 0 20+ 00 157 0 21+ 00 44 0 21450 0 0 22+ 00 0 147 23+ 00 0 165 24+ 00 0 133 Page CON114 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON114411. Using the average-end-area method calculate the net cut and fill volume for stations 2€ + 00 to 29 + 00. A) 0 bey B) 3,150 boy C) 4,550 boy D) 6,850 boy Station End Area Cut (SF) End Area Fill (SF) 25 + 00, 0 3,525 26 +00, 355 985 27 +00, 788 125 28+ 00 2.515 55 29+ 00 1,255 23 29+ 25 620 0 29+ 50 25 845 30+ 00 0 3,655 31400 0 8,560 412. The table below shows differential leveling data using a transit level. The station (A) is of known elevation. Find the elevation of station D. Station BS (ff) FS (ft) Elevation (ft) Notes A 3.95 500.00 Benchmark B 2.47 6.34 Cc 3.81 5.51 D 6.78 A) 508 40 feet B) 48977 feet C) 510.23 feet D) 491.60 feet Page CON115 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved, Page CON115413, Which cf the following formulas for bank cubic volume (BCY), loose volume (LCY), compacted volume (CCY), swell factor (S), shrinkage factor (D) and load factor (LF) is NOT correct? A) CCY = BCY(1 -D) B) BCY = LF'LCY ©) Ley = (1 + S(BCY) D) CCY = LCY((1 +8) 414. A truck hauling fill material takes 20 minutes to load, haul, dump and Tetum. The delay time is 10 minutes per hour. The number of trips the truck would make in an 8 hour day is most nearly: A) 16 trips B) 20 trips ©) 24 trips D) 48 trips 415. Anexcavator has a bucket capacity of 2.8 cy. Its operation cycle consist of the following phases (a) excavation time = 45 seconds (b) travel time (two way) = 4 minutes (c) dumpingjtransfer time = 30 seconds. Use an overall efficiency factor for the excavator of 85%. The quantity of excavated material is £0,000 of (bank measure). The material has the following properties. Swell = 20% Unit weight = 120 pef Water content = 30% The number of days required to complete the job, using an 8 hour work day is most nearly: A) 10 days, B) 11 days C) 12 days D) 13 days Page CON116 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON116416. An excavator having a capacity of 3 cy operates 8 hours in a work day. A single cycle of operation consists of excavation, travel (two way), and transfer of excavated material. Cycle time for the excavator is 8 minutes. Efficiency factors are 0.90 for the site and 0.72 for the equipment. The daily excavation production in oy/day is most nearly A) 115 cylday B) 130 cy/day C) 145 cyiday D) 160 cy/day 417. What type of compactor would you expect to be most suitable for compacting a clean sand? A) Steel Wheel B) Pneumatic C) Vibratory D) Sheep foot 418. What type of compactor would you expect to be most suitable for compacting a sand,clayey-or silt? A) Steel Wheel B) Pneumatic C) Vibratory D) Sheep foot Page CON117 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON117419. Determine the volume of excavation in BCY for the area shcwn below. The figure at each grid intersection represents the depth of cut at that location. The diagram is not to scale. Each grid is 100 feet by 100 feet square. The total area is 400 feet long by 300 feet tall. Problem 419 (not to scale) | 6.0 58 | 6.2 46 3.4 —3 2 g* iss 5.0 46 42 3.0 Bg? = 5 £15 Bg 48 49 4.0 3.6 2.8 és * | 4.0 48 3.5 3.0| || 2.0 ° L oo a 45 2 28 3 38 4 45 East-West Grids (100 feet) A) 18,000 BCY B) 19,000 BCY C) 20,000 BCY D) 21,000 BCY7 Problem 419 Data as Contour Graph (not to scale) NORTH-SOUTH GRIDS (100 FEET) EAST-WEST GRIDS (100 FEET) 02 024 O46 END OF SECTION Page CON118 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON118Vil. Site Development Discussion Solutions A. Excavation and Embankment (e.g. cut and fill) B. Construction site layout and control 40: 24.4 feet B= (4V(L'tanR))°> V = Loose Volume = 100 BCY * 27 cf/CY"1.25, V = 3,375 cf L=30ft R=37° B = [(4*3,375)/(30*tan(37))] ° = 24.4 feet 40: feet H = 0.5*B(tanR) B= (4Vi(L'tanR))°% V = Loose Volume = 100 BCY * 27 cfCY*1.25 V= 3,375 of L=30ft R= 370 B = [(4*3,275)/(30*tan(37°))] °S = 24.4 feet H = 0.8'24.4"tan(37 °) = 9.2 feet Page CON119 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved, Page CON119403. C) 32.2 feet V = Loose Volume = 100 BCY * 27 offCY*1.12 V=3,024 of D=(7.64Vi(tanR))° D = [(7.64"3,024)/tan(32)] °° = 32.2 fect 404, A) 10.1 feet V = Loose Volume = 100 BCY * (27 CF/CY)"1.12 V= 3,024 CF D = (7.64Vi(tanR))° D = |(7.64*3,024)/tan(32°)] °° = 32.2 feet H=0.5*D*tan(R) H = 0.5*32.2'tan(32°) = 10.1 feet 405. B) 200 BCY Area = 25 ft ‘30 ft = 750 sf Average Depth = (6.0 + 8.2 + 7.6 + 5.8)/4 =6.9ft Volume = (750 sf * 6.9 ft)(27ct/cy) Volume = 191.7 BCY = 200 BCY 406. C) 3,860 CY Use average end area method V = L(A1 + A2)/2 L=25ft At = (1/4)(1002) = 7,854 sf A2 = (1/4)(25%)= 491 sf V = (25 f1)(7,854 sf + 491 sf)/[(2)(27 cf/cy)] V = 3,863 cy Page CON120 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON120407. B) 131.73 and 124.28 FEET The inverted sight is taken by placing the staff upside down under and object. Elev. B = Elev. A + BS + IS = 123.45 + §.15 + 3.13 = 131.73 feet Elev. C = Elev. A + BS — FS = 123.45 + 5.15 ~ 4.32 = 124.28 feet 408. C) 190 CY V = 100 FT(21 + 4*52 + 76)SF/[6*27CF/CY] V= 188 CY 409. B) 2,500 BCY V = 0.8°(1,255+95)"100/27 V = 2,500 BCY Station End Area Cut | End Area Fill | Volume of | Volume of (SF) (SF) Cut (BCY) | Fill (CCY) 125 +00 0 785 0 0 126 +00 652 0 1,207 4,454 127 +00 2,150 0 5,189 0 128 +00 3,210 0 9,926 0 129 +00 1,255 447 8,269 272 130 +00 95. 780, 2,500 4717 131 +00 0 3,666 176 8,233 410. D) 600 CCY V = 0.5*(147+165)*100/27 = 578 ccy = 600 ccy Station End Area Cut | End Area Fill | Volume of | Volume of (SF) (SF) Cut (BCY) | Fill (CCY) 19 +00 326 0 0 0 20 +00 157 0 894 0 21 +00 44 0 372 0 21 +50 0 0 41 0 22 +00 0 147 O 136 23 +00 0 165 0 578 24 +00 0 133 0 552 Page CON121 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON121411 D). 6,850 BCY Cut V = 0.5*(2,515+1,255)*100/27 = 6,982 bey Fill V = 0.5"(65 + 23)"100/27 = 145 coy Net Cut volume = 6,982 - 145 = 6,837 bey Station End Area Cut [| End Arca Fill | Volume of | Volume of (SF) (SF) Cut (BCY) | Fill (CCY) 25 + 00 0 3,525 0 0 26 + 00 355 985 657, 8,352 27 +00 786 425 24113 2,056 28 + 00 2,515 55 6,113 333 29 + 00 4,255 23 6,981 144 29 + 25 620 0 868 11 29 + 50 25 845 299 391 30 + 00 0 3,655, 23 4,167 31 +00 0 8,560 0 22,620 442, D) 491.50 feet ‘Sum of all Backsights = 3.95 + 2.47 + 3.81 = 10.23 feet ‘Sum of all foresights = 6.34 + 5.51 + 6.78 =18.63 feet Delevation =A Elevation + sum of backsights — sum of foresights = 500.00 + 10.23 ~ 18.63 = 491.60 feet 413. D) CCY = LCY/(1 +S) 414, B)20 The delay time is 10 minutes per hour. The time available for hauling is 50 minutes per hour. The number of trips per hour = (50 minutes / hours)/(20 minutes‘ trip) N= 25 Trips per hour 8 Hours per day N= (8 hours/ day)(2.5 trips /hour) = 20 trips per day Page CON122 Copyright by www-TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON122415. B) 44 Cycle time = T = 45 seconds + 4 minutes + 30 seconds = 5 minutes 15 seconds = T= 5.25 minutes V(LCY) =V (BCY)*(1 + swell factor) V (LCY) = 50,000 ef (1+0.2) = 60,000 cf V= (60,000 of)(1 cy)/(27 cf) = 2,222 cy Productivity (per 8 hour day) = P = (Q/T)(Efficiency) Q = bucket capacity = 2.8 cy Efficiency = 0.85 P = (8 hours /day)(60 minutes/hour)(0.85)(2.8 cy/Cycle)/(5.25 minutes/cycle) P = 217.6 cylday N = 2,222 cy/(217.6 cy/day) = 10.2 days Use 11 days 416. A) 115 cylday Number of oycles per day = (8 hours /day)(60 minutes/hour)/(8 minutes /eycle) Number of cycles per day = 60 Ideal daily productivity = (3 cy/cycle)(60 cycles per day) = 180 cy/day Actual productivity = (180 cy/day)(0.90)(0.72) = 116.64 cy/day 417. C) Vibratory See Table in Notes. 418. D) Sheep foot See Table in Notes. Page CON123 Copyright by wwnw.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON123419. B) 19,000 BCY Area = (300 ft)(400 ft) = 120,000 sf Corner points = 6.0 + 3.4 + 2.0 + 4.0 = 15.4 feet Border points = 6.8 +5.2+4.6+3.04+28+3.0+3.5+4.8+4.8 +5.5 = 43.0 feet Interior points = 5.0+4.6 + 4.2 + 3.6 1 4.0 1 4.9 = 26.3 feet Average Depth = (15.4 + 2°43.0 + 4(26.3))/ 48 = 4.30 feet Volume (cy) = (120,000 sf)(4.30 ft)(1 cy/27 cf = 19,111 BCY END OF SECTION Page CON124 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON124Vil. Site Development - Discussion C. Temporary and permanent soil erosion and sediment control (¢.g., construction erosion control and permits, sediment transport, channel/outlet protection) D. Impact of construction on adjacent facilities NPDES (National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System) NPDES permit program is authorized by the Clean Water Act and works to control water pollution by regulating point sources that discharge pollutants into waters of the United States. Industrial, municipal, and other facilities must obtain permits for any discharge into waters of the United States. In most cases, the NPDES permit program is administered by authorized states or Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). State level — Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4) Polluted stormwater runoff is commonly transported through Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems (MS4s), from which it is often discharged untreated into local waterbodies. To prevent harmful pollutants from being washed or dumped into an MS4, operators must obtain a NPDES permit and develop a stormwater management program. + Phase |, issued in 1990, requires medium and large cities or certain counties with populations of 100,000 or more to obtain NPDES permit coverage for their stormwater discharges. There are approximately 750 Phase | MS4s. + Phase ll, issued in 1999, requires regulated small MS4s in urbanized areas, as. well as small MS4s outside the urbanized areas that are designated by the periitting authority, to obtain NPDES permit coverage for their stormwater discharges. There are approximately 6,700 Phase Il MS4s. Generally, Phase | MS4s are covered by individual permits and Phase | MS4s are covered by a general permit. Each regulated MS¢ is required to develop and implement a stormwater management program (SWMP) to reduce the contamination of stormwater runoff and prohibit ilicit discharges. WHAT IS AN MS4? ‘An MS4 is a conveyance or system of conveyances that is: + Owned by a state, city, town, village, or other public entity that discharges to waters of the US.; + Desgned or used to collect or convey stormwater (including storm drains, pipes, ditches, eto.); + Nota combined sewer; and + Notpart of a Publicly Owned Treatment Works (sewage treatment plant). Page CON125 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved, Page CON125Required steps. Prepare the Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) Submit a Notice of Intent (NO!) and pay permit fees to the appropriate agencies. Install SWPPP and have it inspected by agency (if appropriate). Inspect and maintain SWPPP as appropriate (after rain events and periodically) Remove SWPPP and have final inspections. eRons Possible SWPPP elements vary by state, size (area of project), topography, annual precipitation, nature of project, local practice, etc. Example Erosion and Sediment Controls Structural Practi 4. Silt fence 2. Hay Bales 3. Rock Filter dams 4, Diversion, interceptor, or perimeter dikes. 5. Diversion dike and swale combinations 6. Pipe slope drains 7. Paved flumes 8. Rock bedding at construction exit 9, Timber matting at construction exit 10.Channel liners 11.Sediment traps 12. Sediment basins 13. Storm inlet sediment trap 44. Storm outlet structures 48.Curbs and gutters 16. Storm Sewers 17.Velocity control devices 18. Sand bags (Gravel filter bags) 19. Curb inlet gravel filter Offsite Vehicle Tracking Haul roads dampened for dust control Loaded haul trucks to be covered with tarpaulin Excess dirt on road removed daily Stabilized construction entrance aeENo Page CON126 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON126| | Natural Methods = Vegetative and Soil Stabilization practices ‘Temporary seeding Permanent planting, sodding or seeding Mulching Soil retention blanket Buffer zones 6. Preservation of natural resources geene ‘SWPPP includes signed and sealed plans and specifications and detailed operations and maintenance book and procedures. Types of Erosion Reference Developing your Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan, USEPA, May 2007, Page 3, and Victor Miguel Ponce, Engineering Hydrology, First Edition, Page 538. There are four main types of erosion. Splash erosion, the impact of a falling raindrop creates a small crater ir the soil, ejecting ” soil particles. The distance these soil particles travel can be as much as two feet vertically and five feet horizontally on level ground. Sheet erosion is the transport of loosened soil particles by overland flow. If the soil is saturated, or if the rainfall rate exceeds the rate at which water can infitrate into the soil, surface runoff ocours. If the runoff has sufficient flow energy, it will transport loosened soil particles (sediment) down the slope. Gully Erosion occurs when runoff water accumulates and rapidly flows in narrow channels during or immediately after heavy rains or melting snow. Removing soil to a considerable depth, Rill Erosion is the removal of soil by concentrated water running through little streamlets, or headcuts. Detachment of soil in a rill occurs if the sediment in the flow is below the amount the load can transport and if the flow exceeds the soil’s resistance to detachment. As detachment continues or flow increases, rills will become wider and deeper. Rilling is ‘one of the most common forms of erosion. The rill channels can be temporarily obliberated by tillage. Tillage loosens the soil making it more susceptible to rill erosion. Thus, every time rills are destroyed, the rills can reform, resulting in much more soil lost. END OF SECTION Page CON127 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON127Page CON128 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON128VIlSite Development - Problems C. Temporary and permanent soil erosion and sediment control (e.g., construction erosion control and permits, sediment transport, channel/outlet protection) D. Impact of construction on adjacent facilities 501. Energy dissipaters are permanent structural devices used to reduce velocities at the outlet of pipes to prevent scour. Which of the following is NOT an energy dissipater? A) Forced nydraulic jump. B) Stiling basins. C) Drop structures D) Silt fence 502. Which of the following methods are examples of natural methods of erosion control? 1 Compost blanket Grass channels Il Rolled Erosion Control Products IV. Silt Fence A) only B) |. and Il only ©) Ill only D) I. Hand Ill only 503. In order to minimize disturbance causing possible subsequent erosion, motorized equipment driven over stream banks should have tires that exert a ground pressure of less than: A) 6 psi B) 25 psi C) 50 psi D) 75 psi Page CON129 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com, All Rights Reserved. Page CON129504. Which of the following installation instructions for erosion control features is INCORRECTLY stated? A) Install a silt fence, straw bale barriers, and other erosion control methods along the toe of the slope below the high water level of the receiving stream channel. B) Straw bale barriers should only be installed where sediment laden water can pond, allowing sediment to settle out C) Install a gravel bag berm where it can intercept and slow the flow of sediment-laden sheet flow. D) Install a silt fence on the down-slope side of a straw bale barrier closest to the receiving stream channel. 505. The Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan does not include which of the following items. A) An identification of the selected erosion and sediment controls at the site. B) The sequence of construction activities and an explanation of how the erosion control practices will be phased in with construction activities. C) An outline of each contractor's and subcontractor’s role and responsibility in the project and toward erosion and sediment control D) A copy of the prime contract and all relevant subcontracts. 506. The least effective natural methods of soil erosion control is most likely: A) Surface treatment using compost blanket. B) Vegetative filler strip planted parallel to the runoff flow. C) Erosion control blankets fabricated from natural and synthetic materials D) Seeding and fertilizing. Page CON130 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON130507. To control soil erosion over a sloping area, the slope was engineered to create an area marked "X’, as shown below. The area is called: A) Bench B) Sediment Trap C) Sediment Basin D) Hiking Trail 508. A drainage channel is being considered along a highway to prevent erosion since the erosion causes pollution to the nearby lakes ard streams and increases maintenance costs of drainage structures. It may be necessary to provide protective linings in the bottom and along the side of the channel. Which of the following is a correct statement regarding the design of linings in the drainage channels? A) Rigid linings of the channel are necessary for proper design of the channel, B) Preferred method to design linings is based on the maximum shear force. ) Preferred method to design linings is based on bearing capacity determined using the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test. D) Rock riprap is an example of a rigid lining. 509. The soil losses due to erosion on an island increases with the following factors except: A) Excessive unsheltered length and steepness of terrain B) High rainfall erosivity factor. C) Excessive organic contents in soil D) Wave height and frequency. END OF SECTION Page CONI31 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved, Page CON131Page CON132 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON132VIL.Site Development - Problems C. Temporary and permanent soil erosion and sediment control (e.g., construction erosion control and permits, sediment transport, channel/outlet protection) D. _ Impact of construction on adjacent facilities 501. D) Silt Fence Items A, B and C are all energy dissipaters. Silt fence is a temporary Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPP?) device used to control erosion. 502. D) I. land Ill only Silt fence is a temporary Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) Structural method used to control erosion. The other items listed are Natural Methods of Erosion Control. ‘Compost blanket is a surface treatment of 1 to 4 inches of compost or mulch. Grass channels act as diversion of runoff around an area. Rolled erosion contro! products (RECP) are prefabricated formed from natural and synthetic materials. Vegetative filter strips are strips of grass planted at right angles to the runoff flow. ‘Seeding and fertilizing is the most effective natural method of erosion control. 503. A) 6 p: Wide or high flotation tires, dual tires, bogie axle systems, tracked machines, and lightweight equipment can be used to reduce contract pressure to 5 to 6 psi in order to minimize disturbance. 504. A) Install a silt fence, straw bale barriers, and other erosion control methods along the toe of the slope below the high water level of the receiving stream channel. Erosion control features should not be submerged, so they must be installed above the high water level of any receiving water channels. Page CON133 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON133,505. _D) A copy of the prime contract and all relevant subcontracts. The first three items are part of the SWPPP. The contracts are not part of the SWPPP. 506. _B) Vegetative filler strip planted parallel to the runoff flow. To be effective in erosion control, the control method should be able to reduce high velocities of the runoff water and to dissipate its energy so that the surface flow cannot erode the soil surface it flows on. There are two methods of soil erosion control: natural and structural. In natural methods, the terrain of the area is not disturbed at all or is minimally disturbed. In structural methods, structural elements are introduced and the soil slope is engineered to control erosion. This question is about natural methods of erosion control. The seeding and fertilizing of the area is probably the most effective natural method of erosion control. Choices A and C are also quite effective. The Choice B is the least effect since the vegetative filler strip is planted parallel to the runoff flow and thus it offers no resistance to the run-off water. To be effective, the vegetative filler strip should be planted perpendicular to the runoff flow. 507. A) Bench This area is called a bench. It is slightly reverses sloping step and is an effective measure to slow down the run-off water. A sediment trap has a depression to slow down the water and allow the silt to settle. A sediment basin is designed to catch sediments. It has adam and a pipe outlet and/or an emergency spillway. Page CON134 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON134508. _B) Preferred method to design linings is based on the maximum shear force. A type of lining to be provided in the channel should be determined on the basis of maximum allowable velocities the lining can bear. Examples of flexible linings are rock, riprap and vegetation. The lining can be flexible or rigid depending on the terrain condition. Channel slope is one of the major parameters affecting the selection of the channel linings. The examples of rigid linings are plain and ein‘orced concrete and soil cement. Choice B is correct because, the preferred method to design linings is based on the shear force during the service life of the lining. The computed shear stress is a function of flow depth. It is usually computed on the maximum anticipated depth of uniform flows as determined by Manning's equation. Choice A is incorrect because, no information about channel flow is provided. Choice C is incorrect because the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) data is not used to design the channel lining, Choice D is incorrect because rock riprap is an example of a flexible lining. Page CON135 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved, Page CON135509. C, Excessive organic contents in soil. The soil erosion loss can be due to precipitation, wind and ice. Coastal areas are affected by waves impacting the shorelines. Thus Option D is incorrect because the question pertains to island terrain where the waves may cause coastal erosion. The universal equations are available for both soil loss caused by wind and water. This question concerns the erosion on an island. The universal equation to predict soil loss due to the sheet and rill erosion is available to numerically compute the sol loss. To solve this question, uses the principles of geotechnical engineering. First using Darcy's formula, we know that runoff increases with the area. So the longer the unsheltered terrain, the larger the run-off would be. Second, the steeper the terrain, the faster the runoff. Therefore, Option A is incorrect. All rainfalls do not cause the same amount of erosion. For example, the rainfalls in the western part of the United States cause more erosivity than those in the Midwest. The rainfalls have been categorized based on the erosivity they can cause. The higher the rainfall erosivity factor, the more soil loss there will be. Therefore, Option B is incorrect. The soil composition plays an insignificant part in soil loss. The soils have been graded based on their resistance to erosion. It is called an erodibility factor. The universal equation has a large table of soil erodibility factors depending on the soil composition. However, one aspect which is clear is that the amount of organic contents in the soil have an adhesive affect in keeping the soil together. The more organic content in the soil, the less soil is eroded. Thus, Option C is correct. END OF SECTION Page CON136 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON136Vil. Site Development - Discussion E. Safety (e.g. construction, roadside, work zone) Page CON137 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON137Incidence Rate = 200,000N/EH ~~ IR = Incidence Rate = the number of recordable injuries and illnesses occurring among a given number of full-time workers (usually 100 full-time workers) over a given period of time (usually one-year). Incidence Rate is an OSHA term: N = Number of reportable injuries, illnesses and fatalities, but NOT first aid EH = Total hours worked by all employees during the period in question DART Rate = Days Away Restricted or Transfer Rate DAFWII Rate = Days Away From Work due to illness or Injury = Column H on Form 300 LWD Rate = Lost Work Day Rate LTC Rate = Lost Time Case Rate Severity Rate Reference: OSHA Form 300 EMR = Experience Modification Rate is an insurance term. EMR = A measure of how your accident loss prevention and control practices compare to others in the construction industry. The EMR compares your worker's compensation claims experience to other employers of similar size operating in the same type of construction business. An EMR of 1.0 indicates that you are at the industry average. An EMR of 0.75 indicates that you are 25% better than the industry average. An EMR of 1.25 indicates that you are 25% worse than the industry average. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) was established by the U.S. Congress through the Williams-Steiger Act in 1970. The act provides a comprehensive set of safety rules and regulations, inspection procedures, and safety record keeping requirements. It is defined in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). 29 CFR Part 1926 Contents SubpartA General SubpartB General Interpretation Subpart — General Safety and Health Provisions Page CON138 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON138‘Subpart D Subpart E ‘Subpart F Subpart G Subpart H Subpart | Subpart J Subpart K Subpart L Subpart M ‘Subpart N Subpart O ‘Subpart P Subpart Q ‘Subpart R Subpart S Subpart T Subpart U Subpart V Subpart W Subpart X Subpart Y Subpart Z Subpart AA Subpart CC Page CON139 Occupational Health and Environmental Controls Personal Protective and Life Saving Equipment Fire Protection and Prevention Signs, Signals and Barricades Materials Handling, Storage, Use and Disposal Tools — Hand and Power Welding and Cutting Electrical Scaffolds Fall Protection Helicopters, Hoists, Elevators, and Conveyors Motor Vehicles, Mechanized Equipment, and Marine Operations Excavations Concrete and Masonry Construction Steel Erection Underground Construction, Caissons, Cofferdams, and Compressed Air Demolition Blasting and the Use of Explosives Power Transmission and Distribution Rollover Protective Structures; Overhead Protection Stairways and Ladders Commercial Diving Operations Toxic and Hazardous Substances Confined Spaces in Construction Cranes and Derricks in Construction Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON139Each Subpart is divided into: Scope and Application Definitions Requirements Appendices Competent Person means one who is capable of identifying existing end predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous tc employees, and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them. Qualified Person means one who by possession of a recognized degree, certificate, or professional standing or who by extensive knowledge, training and experience has successfully demonstrated his/her ability to solve or resolve problems related to the subject matter, the work, or the project. One familiar with the construction and operation of the equipment and the hazards involved. Registered Professional Engineer means a person who is registered as a professional engineering in the state where the work is to be performed. However, a professional engineer, registered in any state is deemed to be a registered professional engineer within the meaning of this standard when approving designs for manufactured protective systems or tabulated data to be used in interstate commerce. END OF SECTION Page CON140 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON140VIL. Site Development - Problems E. Safety (e.g. construction, roadside, work zone) 601. Excavations in a Type C soil must be sloped no steeper than: A) 1H:1V B) 0.5H:1V C) 1.5H:1V D) 0.6V:1H 602. After performing a site survey, a soils engineer reports that the site soll seems to “fall apart” just by looking at it. This soil is probably: A) Type A B) Type B C) Type C D) Type D 603. Which of the following written certifications is not required before steel erection can begin on a construction site? A) The foundation concrete has attained 75% of its design strength. B) Pedestrian traffic on the construction site will be controlled. C) Access roads within the site are suitable for derricks and cranes D) Traffic on roads approaching the site has been rerouted or diverted for crane and dertick approach. 604. At a construction site adjacent to a highway, who is required to wear safety vests or other highly vieible clothing? A) Only flaggers exposed to public vehicular traffic. B) All flaggers exposed to all traffic. C) All construction workers exposed to all traffic. D) Alll personnel, including supervisory staff and visitors. Page CON141 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON141605. In addition to protective goggles, what personal protective equipment is required when welding pipe in a deep trench? A) Fall protection hamess B) Hard hat C) Respirator D) Hearing protection 606. When may plywood be substituted for upright planks structural members in shoring systems? A) When the duration of use is less than 8 hours. B) When the thickness is greater than 0.75 inches and the plywood is exterior-glue variety. C) When the plywood carries a “structural” designation. D) Never. 607. What is the minimum distance from the edge of a trench that spoils (excavation material) can be stored? A) 4 Foot B) 2 Feet C) 3 Feet D) 5 Feet 608. Factors to consider when designing a protective support system for deep trenching include: A) Soil classification B) OSHA's analysis of site conditions C) Water content of soil D) Adjacency of swamps, lakes and reservoirs Page CON142 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved, Page CON142609. __Anexcavation trench is 5 feet deep, 6 feet wide, and 95 feet long. According to OSHA CFR Part 1926, how many ladders are required to provide egress from the trench? A)1 B)2 c)3 D)4 610. What is the minimum spacing (in feet) between the point of restriction and the first advance warning sign on an expressway according to MUTCD? A) 750 feet B) 1,500 feet C) 1,000 feet D) 1,250 feet END OF SECTION Page CON143 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON143Page CON144 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON144Vil. Site Development - Solutions E. Safety (e.g. construction, roadside, work zone) 601. C) 1.6H:1V REFERENCE: OSHA 29 CFR 1926 SUBPART P, APP. B. 602. C) TYPE C Type C soils have the lowest unconfined compressive strength of OSHA’s A- B - C rating system and thus tend to easily fall apart. REFRENCE: OSHA 29 CFR 1926 SUBPART P, APPEDIX A. 603. D. Traffic on roads approaching the site has been rerouted or diverted for crane and derrick approach. OSHA describes the written certifications that the controlling contractor must provide to the steel srector before erection may begin. However, the controlling contractor's responsibility ends at the boundaries of the job site. Therefore, rerouting or diverting traffic is not required. REFERENCE: OSHA 29 CFR 1926.752 804. A) Only flaggers exposed to public vehicular traffic. Only flaggers who work outside of the construction zone, as delineated by cones and barricades, are required by OSHA to wear highly visible clothing. Within the construction Zone, high-visibility apparel is not considered to be personal protective equipment. REFERENCE: OSHA 29 CFR PART 1926.201 605. B) Hard hat OSHA does not normally consider an open trench to be a confined space. Although there are some combinations of base metals and rods that produce toxic fumes and require respirators, these are rare in normal construction work, so welding in a trench would not normally result in the accumulation of toxic gases or the need for a respirator. A hard hat is always required. REFERENCE: OSHA 29 CFR 1926.100 Page CON145 Copyright by wwrw-TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON145606. D) Never Plywood may never be used as a structural member in shoring. Plywood may be included between the soil and the uprights in order to distribute the load. REFERENCE: OSHA 29 CFR PART 1926.652(c)(1) OSHA 29 CFR 1926 SUBPART P, APPENDIX C 607. B) 2 feet Spoils can be stored a minimum distance of 2 feet from the edge of a trench. REFERENCED: OSHA 29 CFR 1926.651(J)(2) 608. A) SOIL CLASSIFICATION OSHA does not provide site analysis services. The contractor's competent person would do so, taking most factors implicitly into consideration. However, the OSHA regulations are primarily organized by soil classifications Types A, B and C and should be used when designing a protective support system. REFERENCE: OSHA 29 CFR 1926.651 (K) (1 609. B)2 OSHA 1926.50 - 652 requires ladders when the trench depth exceeds 4 feet. In that case, no point within the trench must be more than 28 feet distance from a ladder. Placing ladders at x = 25 feet x = 70 feet ensures that alll points within the trench are within 25 feet of a ladder. The most remote point within this gap is at midway between the two ladders at x = 47.5 feet which is 22.5 feet from an egress point. Page CON146 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON146610. —C. 1,000 ft Per MUTCD Table 6C-1, Page 354 Table 6C-1. Recommended Advance Warning Sign Minimum Spacing Road Type Distance Between Signs™ A B ¢ Urban (low speed)* 100 feet 100 feet 100 feet Urban (high speed)* 350 feet 350 feet 350 feet Rural 500 feet 500 feet 500 feet Expressway/Freeway| 1,000 feet 7,500 feet 2,640 feet *Speed category to be determined by the highway agency “The column headings A, B, and C are the dimensions shown in Figures 6H-1 through 6H-46. The A dimension is the distance from the transition or point of restriction to the first sign. The B dimension is the distance between the first and second signs. The C dimension is the distance between the second and third signs. (The “first sign” is the sign in a three-sign series that is closest to the Temporary Traffic Control zone. The “third sign’ s the sign that is furthest from upstream from the Temporery Traffic Control zone.) END OF SECTION Page CON147 Copyright by www. TestMiasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON147Page CON148 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON148P.M. Problems |. Earthwork Construction and Layout Problems Page CON149 A. Excavation and embankment (e.g. cut and fill) B. Borrow pit volumes C. Site Layout and control D. Earthwork Mass Diagrams and Haul Distance F. Site and subsurface investigations Copyright by www.TestMasters.com, All Rights Reserved. Page CON149701. A compacted fill is to be constructed with a total volume of 15,000 CY. The fill is to be compacted to a dry unit weight of at least 127 pcf and a minimum moisture content of 10%. Soil in the borrow pit has a dry density of 120 pof and an average water content of 8%. The amount of borrowed material that must be removed is most nearly: A) 15,250 oy B) 16,565 cy ©) 15,875 cy D) 16,125 cy 702. An excavator has a capacity of 4 cy. A single cycle of operation consists of excavation, travel (two-way), and transfer of excavated material. Cyce time for the excavator is 8 minutes. Efficiency factors are: Site = 0.90 Equipment and operator = 0.72 The daily production rate (yd°/day), assuming an 8-hour workday is most nearly: A) 58 yd/day B) 78 yd'/day C) 117 yd°/day D) 156 yd°/day Page CON150 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON150Use the earthwork data and the mass haul diagram below to work Problems 703 through 714. The shrinkage factor is 10% and has been used to calculate the total fill volumes. 4 2 3 a [os 6 7 3s fs 40 END AREA VOLUME (CY) TOTAL | NET VOLUME | MASS (SF) (cy) statio | cur | rut | cur | rut | % | rut cy| Fut | cur | ORDINA SHRI ooo] al 48 o 6 o 0 e 9 0 soo] 2{ sof a] ize] 13 i39| 128| 0 129 200] 2] a7 7|_ 272] 27 209] 202| 0 421 soo] 4] azof at | azo] aa 462 | 454 oO -873 aoo| a] st| 22 | s36| aa geo] sae | o “1,219 soo] ao] 45|ao| ta] te 196| to7[ 0 1,326 evo] a5] 20157] 120| 42 132 o| 25 1,304 700 | 80 s{ 231] 46 5 51 o| 181 1.120 gv00| 122 2| ara] 43 1 14 o| 360 760 +00 | 130 ol 487 4 o 4 o| 463 298 soroo| 140 o| 500 o oO o o| 500 202 41+00| 100 3a] aaa 6 1 6 o| 438 eat 1200] so| 30] aa] t 6 67 o| 266 907 soo] 75| 20/287] 93 9 402 o| 135 4,092 saroo| so] so] 231] 130/13 143 o| 89 4,181 sseoo| 20| so| 130 aa1| 24 265| 135] 0 4,046 seo0| 10 100| s6| 333 [3a 367 | 314 0 734 soo] of 120/19] aor | at aas|430| 0. 305 seo0] 3] 120[ | aaa] aa aso 4e3| 0 179 seo0| ao] so] ao] ai5[ | a1 sas|267[ 445 zoroo] 30] 30| 130 tas] 15 13] __33[ 0 -479 Page CON1S1 Copyright by www TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON151MASS HAUL DIAGRAM — ra ‘UMULATVEEAATHWORK VOLUME] ‘ENTERUMESTATION STATINS) Figure 28. Problems 703 through 714 Mass Haul Diagram 703. Points A, D and indicate: A) Excavation B) Embankment C) Free-haul balance points D) Balance points 704, Points J, K and S, T indicate: A) Excavation B) Embankment C) Free-haul balance points D) Balance points Page CON152 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON152705. Determine the over haul distance for the mass haul diagram between points D and E if the free haul distance is 500 feet. A) 160 FEET B) 240 FEET C) 320 FEET D) SOO FEET 708. For the mass haul diagram between points D and E determine the overhaul (cy- sta) if the overhaul volume is 675 cy and the over haul distance is 1.6 stations. A) 1,080 CY-STA B) 3,375 CY-STA C) 4,000 CY-STA D) 4,200 CY-STA 707. For the mass haul diagram between points A and D, determine the average haul distance in feet. A) 450 feet B) 500 feet C) 550 feet D) 600 feet 708. For the mass haul diagram shown above, which statement is true? A) The project is a balanced project. B) The project has approximately 500 cubic yards of spoil C) The project needs a borrow pit with a capacity of 500 cubic yards. D) The net volume of earthwork cannot be determined from the given information. Page CON153 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON153709. The regions of cut earthwork are: A) Stations 0+00 to 5+00 B) Stations 5+00 to 14+00 C) Stations 14+00 to 20+00 D) Stations 0+00 to 5+00 and 14+00 to 20+00 710. The regions of fill earthwork are: A) Stations 0+00 to 5+00 B) Stations 5400 to 14+00 C) Stations 14+00 to 20+00 D) Stations 0+00 to 5+00 and 14+00 to 20+00 711. The volume of cut earthwork A) 500 CY B) 2,500CY ©) 3,000CY D) 5,500 CY 712, The volume of fill earthwork is: ‘A) 500 CY B) 2,500 CY c) 3,000CY D) 5,500 CY 713. The total volume of earthwork is: A) 500 CY B) 2,500CY C) 3,000CY D) 6,500 CY Page CON154 Copyright by www-TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON154714. The ret volume of earthwork is: A) 500 CY B) 2,500 CY C) 3,000 CY D) 5,500 CY 716. A mass haul diagram shows a freehaul distance of 3,300 feet, cost of excavations of $1.91 per cubic yard and a price of overhaul of $0.01/cy-foot, What is the limit of economical haul? A) 3,000 FEET B) 3,109 FEET C) 3,491 FEET D) 3,600 FEET 716. An excavator has a bucket capacity of 2.0 cy. Its operation cycls consists of the following pnases — (a) excavation time = 45 seconds, (b) travel time (two way) = 4 minutes (c) dumping and transfer time = 30 seconds. Assume an overall efficiency factor for the excavator of 85%. The quantity of excavated material is 50,000 cf (bank measure). The material has the following properties Swell = 20% Unit weigh: = 120 pef Water content = 30% The number of days required to complete the job, assuming 8-hour work days is most nearly: A) 9deys B) 11 cays C) 13 cays D) 15 cays Page CON155 Copyright by www-TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved, Page CON155717. Results from a standard Proctor compaction test of six soil samples from a borrow pit are tabulated below. The natural moisture content of the excavated material is 12%. The fill location requires 1,500,000 cy of soil compacted to a minimum of 90% of the maximum Proctor dry density. The total volume of borrow soil that must be excavated is most nearly: ‘Sample Net weight of soil (Ib) Moisture Content (%) 1 3.24 12 2 3.70 14 3 3.95 15 4 4.21 18 5 3.90 20 6 3.40 22 A) 1,720,000 cy B) 1,650,000 cy C) 1,530,000 cy D) 1,420,000 cy 718. For a horizontal curve of radius 250 feet and the intersection angle of 66°, the length of the middle ordinate is most nearly: A) 272 feet B) 148 feet C) 114 feet D) 40 feet Page CON1S6 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON156719. An excavator has a bucket capacity of 3.0 cy. Its operation cycle consists of the following phases — (a) excavation time = 45 seconds, (b) travel time (two way) = 4 minutes (c ) dumping and transfer time = 45 seconds. The excavator transfers the excavated material toa fleet of trucks that carry the material offsite. The following data is given. How many truck are needed to complete the project? Overall efficiency factor for the excavator = 90%, Truck capacity = 15 cy Truck cycle time (transfer,+ two way travel + dumping_ = 90 minutes The quantity of excavated material is 2,600 cy (loose measure). A) 2 trucks B) 3 trucks C) 4 trucks D) 5 trucks 720. An excavator has a capacity of 3.5 cy, operates 8 hours on a workday. Its operation cycle cons'sts of the following phases — (a) excavation time (b) travel time (two way) = (c) dumping and transfer of excavated material. The total cycle time is 10 minutes. Efficiency factors are: Site = 0.90 Equipment and operator = 0.72. The daily excavation production (cy/day) is most nearly: A) 109 cy/day B) 130 cy/day C) 145 cy/day D) 160 cy/day 721. A contractor needs to import 4,200 cy of select fill to replace unsuitable subgrade material for a new highway. The borrow site is located 2.6 miles away with an average ound trip travel/loading/dumping time of 30 minutes. The soil has a unitweight of 125 pet and the dump truck drivers work 10 hour days. The minimum number of 10 ton (net capacity trucks needed to complete the job within 8 working days is: A) 4 tucks B) 5 trucks C) 6 trucks D) 7 trucks Page CON157 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved, Page CON157722. The table below describes a traverse ABCD. All necessary closure corrections have been applied. What is the bearing of line AD? ‘Segment Length (ft) Bearing AB 561.47 $30°11' 8"W BC 7,023.65 N 28°47" 38" W cD 653.67 N73° 16 22" E DA A) N75° 09’ 16” W B) N 13° 50° 44" W C) S 13°50" 44" E D) S 75° 09" 16” E 723. For earthwork, a balance region is defined as the distance between two stations in which: A) Cut and fill have equal volumes. B) Overhaul volume is equal to the total haul volume. C) Proposed profile matches the existing profile so that no cut or fill is needed at all. D) Cut and fill volume or mass may differ, but there is no hauling cost for the earthwork. Page CON158 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON158724. An undisturbed soil at a cut (borrow) pit has 16% water content. The soil needs to be transported to a fill location where it will be compacted to a dry density of 112 pef with no loss of the moisture content. A soil volume of 10,000 cy is needed at the fill site. If a truck can haul 12,000 pounds per trip and all trucks carry full load, the minimum number of trucks needed to transport the fil are most nearly: A) 111 trucks B) 2,500 trucks C) 2,800 trucks D) 2,900 trucks 725. An undisturbed soil at a cut (borrow) pit has 16% moisture content and a void ratio of 0.7. The soil's specific gravity is 2.65. The soil needs to be transported to afill location where it will be compacted to a dry density of 112 pef. A soil volume of 10,000 cubic yards is needed at the fill site. There is no change in the moisture content of the soil from the borrow pit to the fill location. The minimum volume (cy) of the borrow pit should be nearly: A) 9,000 cy B) 10,000 cy C) 11,500 cy D) 13,600 cy END OF SECTION Page CON159 Copyright by www-TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON159Page CON160 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON160|. Earthwork Construction and Layout Solutions Excavation and embankment (e.g. cut and fill) Borrow pit volumes Site Layout and control Earthwork Mass Diagrams and Haul Distance Site and subsurface investigations moop> 701. C) 15,875 cy Fill volume = (15,000 cy)(27 cffey) = 405,000 cf Weight of solids = (405,000 cf)(127 pef) = 51,435,000 pounds Volume of borrow pit = (51,435,000 pounds)(1cf/120 pounds)(1 cy/27 cf = 15,875 cy Although moisture contents are different use the dry unit weights given. 702. D) 156 yd"/day 8 hour day = 480 minutes available for work. Number of cycles per day = (480 minutes)/(8 minutes per cycle) = 60 cycles per day Ideal productivity = (60 cycles per day)(4 CY/ cycle) = 240 cy/day ‘Actual Productivity = 0.90*0.72"240 = 156 yd°/day 703. D) BALANCE POINTS 704. C) FREE-HAUL BALANCE POINTS 705. A) 160 Feet Point S is at 11+00 D is at about 9+50 > Midpoint = 10+20 Point T is at 16+00, E is at about 17 +50->Midpoint = 16 +75 TOTAL HAUL DISTANCE = (16 + 75) — (10 + 20) = 6+55 stations = 655 feet OVERHAUL DISTANCE = (TOTAL HAUL DISTANCE — FREE HAUL DISTANCE) = 655 FEET ~ 500 FEET = 155 FEET > use 160 feet Page CON161 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com, All Rights Reserved. Page CON161706. A) 1,080 CY-Stations OVERHAUL = OVERHAUL VOLUME * OVERHAUL DISTANCE =675CY*1.6STA =1,080 CY-STA 707. C) 550 feet Exact solution Area under curve = Q = 0.5"100*(0+129) + 0.5*100*(129+421) + 0.5°100°(421+873) + 0.5*100*(873+1219) + 0.5100"(1219+1326) + 0.5*100*(1326+1301) + 0.5*100*(1301+1120) + 0.5*100*(1120+760) + 0.5*100*(760+298) + 0.5*60*(298+0) Q = 738,740 CY-FEET Average Haul distance = Q/V = (738,740 CY-FEET)/1,326 CY = 557 feet Graphical solution Step 1 draw a vertical line from zero line to maximum or minimum. (about 1,300 cy) Step 2 draw a horizontal line at Vmax/2 or Vmin/2 (about 650 cy) (about points J and K) Step 3 measure horizontal line at Vmax/2 or Vmin/2 (about 560 feet) That is the average haul distance. 708. C) The project needs a borrow pit with a capacity of 500 cubic yards. Because the last point is below the zero line. 709. B) Stations 5400 to 14+00 710, D) Stations 0+00 to 5+00 and 14+#00 to 20+00 741. B) 2,500 CY [1,300] + 1,200 = 2,500 CY (total change in volume from the minimum at -1,300 to maximum at +1,200) 742. C) 3,000 CY 1,300] + 1,200 + |-500] = 3,000 CY (total change in volume from zero line to minimum plus total change from maximum to end of project) Page CON162 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON162743. D) 5,500 CY 2,500 + 3,000 = 5,500 CY 714. A) 500 CY 3,000 - 2,500 = 500 CY 745. C) 3,491 FEET LENGTH OF ECONOMICAL HAUL = FREE HAUL DISTANCE + H H=EIO H= ($1.91/CY)/($0.01/CY-FOOT) = 191 FEET LENGTH OF ECONOMICAL HAUL = 3,300 FEET + 191 FEET = 3,491 FEET. 746. D) 45 days Cycle time = 45 seconds + 4 minutes + 30 seconds = 5 minutes 15 seconds Cyole time = 5.25 minutes Ideal productivity = [(2.0 cy)/(5.25 minutes)|(60 minutes/hour) = 22.9 cylhour Actual productivity = ( cy/hr)(0.85)(8 hours/day) = 185.7 cy/day Loose Volume = (bank volume)(1 + swell factor) = (60,000 cf)(1.2)(1 cy!27 cf) Loose Volume = 2,222 CY Duration = (2,222 cy)/(155.7 cylday) = 14.2 Page CON163 Copyright by www-TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON163m4 B) 1,650,000 c\ Volume of a Standard Proctor mold = 1/30 cf Calculate wet unit weights by dividing weight by (1/30). Calculate dry unit weight by dividing wet unit weight by 1 + moisture content (as a decimal) Sample Net weight of Moisture Wet Unit | Dry Unit soil (Ib) Content (%) _ | weight (pef) | weight (pef) i 3.24 12. 97.2 86.8 2 3.70 14 111 97.4 3 3.95) 16 118.5 102.2 4 4.24 18 126.3 107.0 5 3.90 20 117, 97.5 6 3.40 22 102 83.6 Use maximum dry unit weight 107.0 pof Target dry unit weight is 90% of proctor = 0.90°107.0 = 96.3 pef Weight of solids needed = (96.3 pcf)*(1,500,000 cy)(27 effcy) = 3,900, 150,000 pounds From above table, 12% moisture content = 86.8 pef Volume = (3,900, 150,000 pounds)(1 cf/86.8 Ib)(1 oy/ 27 cf) = 1,664,171 cy M= R(1 - cos(1/2)) M= 250 (1 - cos(68/2)) M=40 Page CON164 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved, Page CON164719. B) 3 trucks Cycle time = 45 seconds + 4 minutes + 45 seconds = 5 minutes 30 seconds Cyole time = 5.50 minutes Ideal productivity = [(3.0 cy)/(6.5 minutes)] = 0.545 cy/min Actual productivity = (0.545 cy/min)(0.90) = 0.491 cy/min Truck productivity = (15 cy)/(90minutes) = 0.167 cy/minute Number of trucks needed = (0.491 cy/min)/( 0.167 cy/min) = 2.94 Use 3 trucks 720. A) 109 cy/day Cyole time = 10 minutes Cycles per day = (480 minutes/day)/10 minutes/ cycle) = 48 cyclesiday Ideal productivity = [(3.5 cy/cycle)*(48 cycles/day)] = 168 cy/day Actual produotivity = (138 cy/day)(0.90)(0.72) = 109 cy/day 724 B) 5 trucks Truckload = 10 tons = 20,000 pounds Soil volume per truck = (20,000 pounds)/(125 pef) =160 cf = 5.926 cy Truck productivity = (5.926 Cy/Cycle)(1 cycle/30 minutes)(60minutes/hour)(10 hours/day) Truck Produotivity = (118.52 CY/day)(8 days) = 948.16 cy N = (4,200 cy)/(948.16 cy/truck) = 4.4 trucks — round to 5 trucks. Page CON165 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved, Page CON165Problem 722 (not to scale) 600 | 400 | 200 Northing Distances (Feet) -200 400 Fg eae eae eee so 800-700-600 S00 -400«« 200/200 100 Easting Distances (Feet) Segment Length (ft) Bearing Northing (ft)_|_ Easting (ff) AB 561.47 S30°11 "Ww | -485.68 -282.51 BC. 7,023.65 | N28°41 38°W | _897.94 ~491.49 cD 653.67 N73° 16 22"E 188.14 626.01 ‘Sum of Northing = -485.68 + 897.94 + 188.14 = 600.40 ‘Sum of Easting = -282.51 + -491.49 + 626.01 = -147.99 Therefore: The closing Northing = -600.40 The closing Easting = +147.99 The closing distance = (-600.40? + 147.997)°* = 618.37 feet The closing bearing: © = Arctan (147.99/600.40) = 13.85° Bearing = N 13°50’ 44" W Page CON166 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON166723. A) Cut and fill have equal volumes. Choice A is correct. By definition the balance region on a mass haul diagram is where the cut volume is equal to the fill volume. Choice B is incorrect, because in earthwork, we use the total haul distance, but we do not use the term “total haul volume.” Choice C is incorrect, because where the existing profile matches the proposed profile is at a maximum or minimum on the mass haul diagram. Choice D is incorrect, because although the earthwork is moved within the same section of the project, the contractor is paid hauling costs for the earthwork at their base bid rate for the earthwork. 724. —_D) 2,900 trucks The mass of the cut equals the mass of fill material. The volumes may differ depending on the degree of compaction (which is not given). In this case, the moisture content remains unchanged from the borrow pit to the embankment. The truck capacity is limited by the weight of soil the truck can carry and not the volume. Therefore, the weight of soil being hauled should be determined. Given the dry density, the first step is to find the wet density of the soil that is being transported. Dry density = (Weight of solid)/(Total Volume) ydry = Ws/V = 112 pef Y= (ydry)(1 + w) W= moisture content = 16% = 0.16 y= 112(1 + 0.16) = 129.92 pof Volume at Destination = V = 10,000 cy V = (10,000 cy)(27 eff(1 cy) = 270,000 cf Total weight of fill material = W = (129.92 pof)(270,000 cf) = 35,078,400 pounds Truck capacity = 12,000 pounds per truck N = (35,078,400 pounds)/(12,000 pounds/truck) = 2,924 trucks Page CON16? Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON167725. ©) 11,500 cy Densities of an undisturbed cut and a compacted fill may not be equal. First determine the density of the soil at the borrow pit. Second, find the weight of the compacted soil at the fill site. The given specific gravity of 2.65 pertains to solid particles with zero voids. With a void ratio of 0.7, the soil density should be adjusted down. w= moisture content — 16% = 0.16 Void ratio = e = 0.7 Gs=2.65 water = 62.4 pf ydry = soil dry density yary= [(Gs)( ywater)\(1 + e) ydry= y/(4 + w) Soil wet density = ywet = (ydry)(1 + w) Substitute into equations ywet = [(Gs)( ywater)(1 + w)J/(1 + e) = [2.65*(62.4 pcf)(1 +0.16)/(1 + 0.7) ywet =112.83 pet Volume at Destination = V = 10,000 cy V= (10,000 cy)(27 ef)/(1 cy) = 270,000 cf Y= (ydry)(1 + w) w= moisture content = 16% = 0.16 y= 112(1 + 0.16) = 129.92 pot Total weight of fill material ~ W ~ (129.02 pef)(270,000 ef) = 35,078,400 pounds Density = (weight)/(volume) V borrow pit = (35,078,400 pounds)/(112.83 pcf) = 310,896. cf V borrow pit = (310,896 cf)(1 cy)/(27 ef) = 11,515 cy END OF SECTION Page CON168 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON168ll. Estimating Quantities and Costs — Problems ‘A. Quantity take-off Methods B. Cost Estimating C. Cost Analysis for resource selecti D. Work measurement and productivity 801. The architect for a warehouse building has proposed a design change to ensure compatibility with local building codes. The revised Scope of Work (SOW) is to substitute one layer of 6/8-inch thick gypsum wall board (GWB) with two layers oF % inch thick fire code (FC) gypsum wall board (GWB) and to provide insulation within the wall cavity. The building plan dimensions are 180 feet by 200 feet Floor to ceiling height = 12 feet Openings = eight (8) 6 feet wide by 10 feet tall, ‘Add 10% waste to all material quantities Labor rates (fully burdened) Productivity Carpenter $40.00/hour GWE installation | 960 A’ tabor hour Laborer $25,00hour Tasulation 41,920 ft/labor hour ‘Supervisor (working) _| $50,00/hour Material Cost Work Crew FRxTORX%In | so 285 WB (FC) 4 carpenters FRx 10RX5/BIN | So.255m 2 laborers GWB T-supervisor insulation 50.4578 (working) Contractor's 10% Overhead Contractor's profit | 5% The complete cost of the change order for the revised Scope of Work is most nearly: A) $3,300 B) $4,200 C) $8,900 D) $35,665 Page CON169 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com, All Rights Reserved. Page CON169Use the following data to answer problems 802, 803 and 804, A construction company is investigating two forming options for a new hotel project. Option A is the use of large-panel forms for the walls and table forms for the slabs. Option Bis tunnel forms for walls and slabs. In both cases the equipment is to be rented, for the total area of 2,000 sf of walls and 2,000 sf of slabs. Overall, 160,000 sf of walls and 160,000 sf of slabs will be formed. Costs, labor productivity, and work durations are given below. Due to the higher weight of the tunnels, this option requires greater lifting capacity, resulting in an additional $35,000 of crane cost. There would be no difference between the two options in the quality of the concrete. Hourly wages are $21. The base overhead for each project is $90,000 per month. Use the industry standard form factors. Parameter Construction duration (= rental period), months Rental rate, § per sf of form per month: Wall forms Table forms Tunnel forms Labor productivity, labor hr per sf: Wall forms Table forms Tunnel forms 802. What is the cost of Option A? A) $164,776 B) $433,440 C) $1,382,120 D) $1,546,896 Page CON170 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. Option A__ Option B 12 10 0.37 0.46 1.44 0.04 0.03 0.03 All Rights Reserved. Page CON170803. What is the cost of Option B? A) $164,776 B) $433,440 C) $1,382,120 D) $1,546,896 804. What is the cost difference between Option A and Option 8? A) $164,778 B) $433,440 ©) $1,382,120 D) $1,546,896 Use the Figures shown below to answer Problems 805, 806 and 807. Problem 805, 806 and 807 Floor Plan (Not to Scale 220 | North South Building Dimensions (feet) ° 20 “0 60 80 100 120 340 East West Building Dimensions (feet) Page CONI7: Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON171Problem 805, 806 and 807 Footing and Wall Cross- Section (Not to Scale) | Vertical Dimensions (feet) os 1 45 2 25 3 35 4 4s Horizontal Dimensions (feet) Footing is 20 inches tall and 4 feet wide. Wall is 18 inches wide and is centered over the footing. 805. The figure above shows the outside dimensions of a building perimeter wall. Calculate the outside perimeter of the wall in feet. A) 314 feet B) 325 feet C) 628 feet D) 650 feet 806. What is the inside perimeter of the footing (in feet) in the Figure above? A) 314 fest B) 325 feet C) 628 feet D) 650 fest 807. If the footing in the figure above must be formed, what is the required contact surface area of formwork in sfca? A) 1,073 sfca B) 1,250 sfca C) 2,147 sfca D) 2,500 sfea Page CON172 Copyright by www-TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON172808. The house shown in the plan below will have a gable roof. Calculate in BF the total quantity of 2x8 rafters required to construct the roof if a 19 3/8 in. spacing is used. Because cf the pitch the rafters are 18 ft in length. The house is 37 feet 3 inches long by 24 feet 8 inches wide. A) 576 BF B) 600 BF C) 1,182 BF D) 1,200 BF Problem 808 and 809 House Floor Plan (Not to Scale) North South Dimensions (feet) ° 5 10 15 20 Eaét West Dimensions (feet) see eFloorPlan —emmmDo0rs or Windows Problem 808 and 809 Gable Roof Cross Section (Not to Scale) Vertical Dimensions (feet) o en ° 5 10 15 20 8 30 Horizontal Dimensions (feet) Page CONI73 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON173809. The exterior studs for the house in Problem 808 will have 2x6 exterior studs with a 46 inch spacing, Calculate the number of studs required to construct the exterior walls. A) 63 Studs B) 70 Studs ©) 127 Studs D) 140 Studs 810. Performa steel take-off of the framing plan show here. The columns are W 21x82, 10 ft in heigh:. S4x7,7 joists are spaced at 2 feet center to center between $12x50 beams. A) 4.00 Tons B) 4.60 Tons C) 8.00 Tons D) 9.21 Tons Problem 810 Steel Framing Plan (not to scale) North South Dimensions (feet) 8 20 25 30 35 40 “5 East-West Dimensions (feet) me W21K82% 10 fe Column em WB x28 16 ft beam fee wiz x50 24 ft beam + 512x50x13 ft beam = = 84177023 fejost Page CON174 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON174ordered to cover the roof? Use 15% waste. Roof slope = 3H:1V A) 68 B)71 c)74 D)77 Problem 811 Roof Plan (not to scale) 811. The plan view of a house is shown below. How many sheets of plywood should be | North South Dimensions (feet) ° 10 2 30 0 30 6 East West Dimensions (feet) Roof Pian = Roof Ridge Line Problem 811 Roof Cross Section (not to Scale) Vertical Dimensions (feet) 10 15 20 Horizontal Dimensions (feet) 30 Page CON175, Copyright by www.TestMasters.com, All Rights Reserved. Page CON175812. How many gallons of paint does it take to paint a room that is 32-feet wide by 24- feet long with 8-foot tall walls. Include the ceiling and paint all surfaces with 2 coats of paint. One gallon of paint covers 150 square feet of surface. A) 11 galons B) 12 gallons €) 23 gallons D) 24 gallons 813. An excavator has a capacity of 2 cy. A single cycle of operation consists of excavation, travel (two-way), and transfer of excavated material. Cycle time for the excavator is 8 minutes. Efficiency factors are’ Site = 0.90 Equipment and operator = 0.72 The daily production rate (yd%/day), assuming an 8-hour workday is most nearly: A) 58 yd'/day B) 76 yd'/day ©) 117 yd°iday D) 132 yd3/day 814. A test strip shows that a steel-wheeler roller, operating at 3 mph, can compact a 0.5 foot thick layer of material to a proper density in four passes. The width of the drum is 8.0 feet. The roller operates 50 minutes per hour. The number of rollers required to keep up with a material delivery rate of $40 bank yd*/hour is most nearly ( 1 bank cubic yard = 0.83 compacted cubic yards): Ay B) 2 C3 D)4 Page CON176 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON176815. An existing landfill is rectangular at the base plan dimensions 4,000 feet by 2,500 feet. The side slope are 3 Horizontal to 1 Vertical. The height of the landfill is 12 feet. The landfill must be covered with cover soil to a depth of 18 inches. The amount of borrow soils (cy) required to cover the top surface is most nearly. A) 220,000 cy B) 325,000 cy C) 525,000 cy D) 600,000 cy 816. The total duration of a project was estimated as follows: 552 working days at 6 days per week and 10 hours per day of work plus 30 days (10 hours per day for bad weather), which would be worked on weekends and holidays. The labor agreement defines the regular workday as 8 hours long. Labor cost for premium time is 75% for hours during the week and 100% for weekend work. What is most nearly the labor premium rate for the project? A 1.21 B) 1.33 Cc) 1.48 D) 1.63 Page CON477 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON177817. All costs for a construction project are classified as either direct cost (labor, material and equipment) or indirect costs (rental costs, utilities, etc. The estimated variation of these cost categories versus project duration (weeks) is shown below. The optimum project duration (weeks) is most nearly: Problem 817 160 140 20 100 Coa Costs ($2,000) 60 40 | 20 | Duration (weeks) Indicect Costs — — = Direct Costs A) 10 weeks B) 13 weeks ©) 16 weeks D) 19 weeks 818. Using the table below and based upon dollars, the actual percent complete is: Cumulative BCWS BCWP ACWP. BAC $450 $500 $600 $1,000 A) 40% B) 50% C) 60% D) 83.3% Page CON178 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON178819. _If the actual cost to date for your project is $12,000 and the budgeted cost for the work scheduled to date is $10,000. What is the project status? A) The project is on budget. B) The project is over budget C) The project is under budget D) The status is unknown without further information. 820. ‘The budgeted cost of the work performed (BCWP) for a task that has just been completed can be calculated by: A) Multiplying the actual hours worked on the task by the budgeted labor rate. B) Mulliplying the budgeted hours to complete the task by the budged labor rate C) Multiplying the budgeted work hours by the actual labor rate. D) Dividing the actual hours required to complete the task by the budgeted labor rate. 821. The formula, EAC = BACICPI, assumes that: A) All subsequent work will be completed at the planned expenditures. B) All subsequent work will be completed at the planned expenditures, excluding the work packages currently under way. C) All subsequent work will be completed based upon the cost performance to date. D) The cost performance cannot change during the project. 822. Aproject manager is being asked by the client to explain the reason for the negative cost variance on the project. What is the proper response for the project manager? A) Things happen. B) The original pian is not acceptable C) It is normal to expect a negative cost variance for a period of the project cycle. D) Explain the reason for the negative cost variance, show the trend, and outline the plan to get the project back on track, Page CONI79 Copyright by www.TestMasters.com. All Rights Reserved. Page CON179