Design of Irrigation Structures I

Reinforced Concrete Bridge

Reinforced Concrete Bridge (1)

Design of Irrigation Structures I

Types of R.C Bridges:-

Simple Slab Type:-

Slab on Main Girder:-

Slab on Main Girder and Cross Girder:-

Reinforced Concrete Bridge (2)

Design of Irrigation Structures I

Wearing Surface:-

3
2

2 1 L
15
t=S/7
30 b
20

Reinforced Concrete Bridge (3)

Design of Irrigation Structures I

Loads Affecting on Bridge:-

Dead Load ( D.L ):-

Live Load ( L.L ):-

Distributed Uniform Load
2 0.60 0.50
Wheel Loads:-

Reinforced Concrete Bridge (4)

Design of Irrigation Structures I

Steps of design:-
Hydraulic Design:-

heading up
Structural Design:-

Drawings:-

Hydraulic design:-
Find of Discharge of Canal ( Qc ), (m3/sec )

1) Given ( Qmax and Qmin ) choose Qdesign = Qmax

2) Given Area Served (feddans ) (A.S), and Water Duty( m3/fed/day ) (W.D)
Qdesign = area served × water duty / ( 24 × 60 × 60 ) (m3/sec )
3) Given ( Area Cross Section , S , n )
2 1
1 3 2
Q R i A
n

P b 2d 1 z2
A = bd + zd2
R=A/P
Find Velocity of Canal (Vc ) ( m / sec )
Vc = Q / A

Vb=(1 2 ) Vc [1-2 m/sec]

Reinforced Concrete Bridge (5)

Design of Irrigation Structures I

a arch
Q =a×Vb a=Q/ Vb
a
a=n×S×dw
n
S
dw
S n
n 1 2 3 4
S

0.5 S

a act = n × S act × d w
V act = Q / a act (1 2 ) Vc [1-2 m/sec]
Piers
0.60

b e = n × s + (n 1) × t pier

Check of Heading up:-

10 H up U.S , D.S

Reinforced Concrete Bridge (6)

Design of Irrigation Structures I

Vc2
h up 10 cm (1)
2g
Where:
a)/A
A = bd + zd2
a = n × S act × d w
pier

2
vc2 1 A
h 1 10 cm (2)
2g c 2 a

Where:
A
a
c (S
= 0.72

S > 4.00 m C = 0.92

Reinforced Concrete Bridge (7)

Design of Irrigation Structures I

EXAMPLE

An intersection between a canal and a road occur at a certain location at which the canal
cross section is as shown below in figure, while the road intersected with the canal was
first class road with 12.00 m width, it is required to design the suitable bridge at this
crossing if the discharge through the canal was 100 m3 / sec.
Live load is lorry system of 60 ton
Uniform distributed load = 500 kg / m2
The soil at the crossing site is found to be silty sand with max. allowable bearing
capacity of 12.50 t / m2

It is Required to:
Fix the number of vents and the span of each vent.
Check the heading up, and water way.
Design the different elements of the bridge.
Draw necessary views of the bridge.

Reinforced Concrete Bridge (8)

Design of Irrigation Structures I

Solution:-

A = bd + zd2 = 32 × 4 + 1 × 4 2 = 144 m2
Q = 100 m3 / sec
Vc = Q / A = 100 / 144 = 0.70 m / sec

Vb=(1 2 ) Vc = ( 1 - 2 ) × 0.70 = ( 0.70 : 1.40 ) Taken = 1.20 m / sec

a = Q / V b = 100 / 1.2 = 83.33 m2

83.33 = n × S × d w = n × S × 4

n 1 2 3 4
S 20.8 10.4 7 5.2

Take n = 4 vents & S =5.50 m

a act = n × S act × d w = 4 × 5.5 × 4 = 88 m2

V act = Q / a act = 100 / 88 = 1.14 m / sec (1 2 ) Vc [1-2 m/sec] ok

be=n s + (n 1) t pier
* *

b e = n × s + (n 1) × t pier = 4 × 5.50 + ( 4 - 1 ) × 1 = 25.00 m

19.20 m ( 0.60 b ) < b e < 32 m ( b ) ( ok )

Reinforced Concrete Bridge (9)

Design of Irrigation Structures I

Check of Heading up:-

Vc2
h up 10 cm (1)
2g
= ( 144 - 88 ) / 144 = 0.39

(0.7) 2
h up 0.39 0.68 0.0066 m 0.66 cm 10 cm (ok )
2 9.81
2
vc2 1 A
h 1 10 cm (2)
2g c2 a

2
(0.7)2 1 144
h 1 0.05 m 5.0 cm 10 cm (ok )
2 9.81 (0.92)2 88

Reinforced Concrete Bridge ( 10 )