PETRONAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS

Process Flow Diagram (PFD) and

Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID)

PTS 16.51.01
April 2014

© 2014 PETROLIAM NASIONAL BERHAD (PETRONAS)

All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form
or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the permission of the copyright
owner. PETRONAS Technical Standards are Company’s internal standards and meant for authorized users only.
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FOREWORD

PETRONAS Technical Standards (PTS) has been developed based on the accumulated knowledge,
experience and best practices of the PETRONAS group supplementing National and International
standards where appropriate. The key objective of PTS is to ensure standard technical practice across
the PETRONAS group.

Compliance to PTS is compulsory for PETRONAS-operated facilities and Joint Ventures (JVs) where
PETRONAS has more than fifty percent (50%) shareholding and/or operational control, and includes
all phases of work activities.

Contractors/manufacturers/suppliers who use PTS are solely responsible in ensuring the quality of
work, goods and services meet the required design and engineering standards. In the case where

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specific requirements are not covered in the PTS, it is the responsibility of the

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Contractors/manufacturers/suppliers to propose other proven or internationally established

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standards or practices of the same level of quality and integrity as reflected in the PTS.

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In issuing and making the PTS available, PETRONAS is not making any warranty on the accuracy or
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completeness of the information contained in PTS. The Contractors/manufacturers/suppliers shall
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ensure accuracy and completeness of the PTS used for the intended design and engineering
requirement and shall inform the Owner for any conflicting requirement with other international
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codes and technical standards before start of any work.

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PETRONAS is the sole copyright holder of PTS. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored
in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, recording or
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otherwise) or be disclosed by users to any company or person whomsoever, without the prior written
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consent of PETRONAS.
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The PTS shall be used exclusively for the authorised purpose. The users shall arrange for PTS to be
kept in safe custody and shall ensure its secrecy is maintained and provide satisfactory information to
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PETRONAS that this requirement is met.

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ANNOUNCEMENT

Please be informed that the entire PTS inventory is currently undergoing transformation exercise from
2013 - 2015 which includes revision to numbering system, format and content. As part of this change,
the PTS numbering system has been revised to 6-digit numbers and drawings, forms and requisition
to 7-digit numbers. All newly revised PTS will adopt this new numbering system, and where required
make reference to other PTS in its revised numbering to ensure consistency. Users are requested to
refer to PTS 00.01.01 (Index to PTS) for mapping between old and revised PTS numbers for clarity. For
further inquiries, contact PTS administrator at ptshelpdesk@petronas.com.my

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Table of Contents
1.0 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 5
1.1 SCOPE.................................................................................................................. 5
1.2 GLOSSARY OF TERMS.......................................................................................... 6
1.3 SUMMARY OF CHANGES .................................................................................... 6
2.0 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS .................................................................................. 7
2.1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS for PFD AND P&ID DEVELOPMENT ....................... 7
3.0 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ..................................................................................... 8
3.1 FORMAT .............................................................................................................. 8
3.2 GENERAL NOTES ............................................................................................... 10

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4.0 PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAMS ................................................................................. 11

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4.1 DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................... 11

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4.2 LEGENDS AND SYMBOLS .................................................................................. 11
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4.3 GENERAL LAYOUT OF PFD ................................................................................ 11
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4.4 OFF-PAGE AND UTILITY CONNECTORS (INTERCONNECTIONS/OPC)................ 13

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4.5 STREAM INFORMATION ................................................................................... 14

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4.6 EQUIPMENT DETAILS ........................................................................................ 15

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4.7 INSTRUMENT AND CONTROL LOOPS ............................................................... 19

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4.8 PFD FOR UTILITIES AND DRAINAGE FACILITIES ................................................ 19

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4.9 OVERALL PFD .................................................................................................... 20

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4.10 EXCEPTIONS ...................................................................................................... 20

5.0 PIPING AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM (P&ID).............................................. 21
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5.1 DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................... 21

5.2 LEGENDS AND SYMBOLS .................................................................................. 21
5.3 GENERAL LAYOUT OF P&ID .............................................................................. 22
5.4 OFF PAGE CONNECTIONS (OPC) ....................................................................... 24
5.5 GENERAL P&ID DRAWING DETAILS .................................................................. 24
5.6 EQUIPMENT DETAILS ........................................................................................ 26
5.7 PIPING DETAILS ................................................................................................. 27
5.8 INSTRUMENT DETAILS ...................................................................................... 27
6.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY .................................................................................................... 28
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1.0 INTRODUCTION

This PTS provides the minimum mandatory technical specifications and considerations
required for the development of Process Flow Diagram (PFD) and Piping and Instrumentation
Diagram (P&ID).

The development of the PFD and P&ID during the project stage is governed by the PETRONAS
Project Management System (PPMS) which is the PETRONAS gated project management
process designed to achieve project excellence. Based on the PPMS:
i. Process Flow Diagrams (PFD) are developed during the Detailed Feasibility Study
(DFS) stage or Front End Loading 2 (FEL/2).
ii. Process and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&ID) are developed during Front End
Engineering Design (FEED) or Front End Loading 3 (FEL/3).

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iii. The PFD and P&ID are to be further refined in Detailed Design and finalised as ‘As

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Built’ after construction.

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1.1 SCOPE

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1.1.1 This PTS provides the requirements for the preparation of Process Flow Diagrams (PFD) and
Process and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&ID). Reference is made to following PTS for details
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on piping and instrumentation:

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i. PTS 14.00.03
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ii. PTS 12.00.02

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1.1.2 Each project shall develop a consistent convention for the PFD and P&ID developed. This PTS
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is applicable to New and Retrofit Projects. However, for retrofit systems, the existing facility
specification can be used to ensure consistency subject to approval by the Technical Authority.
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1.1.3 The requirements for the PFD and P&ID are not only limited to Process Units but are also
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applicable to Utility Units and common facilities such as tankage. PFDs and P&IDs should be
link to the denoted unit number.
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1.1.4 This PTS is to be read in conjunction with the PTS Standard Drawings, P&ID Seed Files and
associated documentation, and relevant technical references provided in PETRONAS
Engineering Management System (P-EDMS).
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1.2 GLOSSARY OF TERMS

1.2.1 General Definition of Terms & Abbreviations

Refer to PTS Requirements, General Definition of Terms, Abbreviations & Reading Guide PTS
00.01.03 for General Definition of Terms & Abbreviations

1.2.2 Specific Definitions of Terms

None

1.2.1 Specific Abbreviations

No Abbreviation Description

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1 APC Advanced Process Control

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2 ARC Advanced Regulatory Control

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3 CAD Computer Aided Design
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4 MOC Management of Change
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5 P&ID Piping and Instrumentation Diagram

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6 P-EDMS PETRONAS Engineering Data Management System

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7 PFD Process and Flow Diagram

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8 PLTA Proprietary Licensed Technology Assessment

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9 PPMS Petronas Project Management System

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Table 1: Specific Abbreviations

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1.3 SUMMARY OF CHANGES

This PTS 16.51.01 replaces PTS 01.00.02.11 (November, 2011)
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2.0 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS

2.1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS for PFD AND P&ID DEVELOPMENT

2.1.1 The following measures should be taken into account when developing Process Flow Diagrams
and Process and Instrumentation Diagrams
i. Project stage and availability of information at that stage of the project
ii. Project type: New or Retrofit

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3.0 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

3.1 FORMAT

3.1.1 The PFD and P&ID shall be drafted following Standard Drawing Template as per PTS 00.91.007.

3.1.2 The PFD and P&ID shall contain a title block on the bottom right corner of the drawing. The
title block shall contain:
i. Drawing Title
ii. The Type of Drawing
a) Process Flow Diagram, or
b) Process & Instrumentation Diagram
iii. The Unit Name and Number

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iv. Drawing Title

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v. Owner Company Logo and Name

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vi. Drawing Number lU
vii. Document Control
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viii. Revision Number

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ix. Date
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x. Description
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xi. Initials of Document Preparer (Prepared), Reviewer (Reviewed), Approver

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(Approved)
xii. The stage of the project for project PFD and P&ID
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3.1.3 For retrofit systems, existing PFD and P&ID that are marked up during the project stage shall
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be supplied with a new title block containing the information outlined in Section 3.1.3 except
for the drawing title.The existing drawing title shall be retained. The existing drawing is to be
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updated to incorporate the ‘As Built’ changes when the project is completed in accordance
with Management of Change procedures.

3.1.4 The PFD and P&ID shall maintain consistency throughout all drawings for the following:
i. Font type and size for
a) Title Block
b) The title font size should be larger than the other information in the title
block
c) Drawing number
d) Piping and Instrumentation Tagging
e) Notes
ii. Line Spacing for
a) Process Lines
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b) Piping and Instrumentation Tagging

c) Notes
iii. Line thickness and type to enable clear differentiation between the following
lines. The following table indicates the priority and recommended line thickness

No Line Type General Rule Recommended

Thickness
a. Main Process Line Thickest 0.7 mm

b. Secondary Process Thinner than main 0.35 mm

Line process line

c. Instrument lines Different line type 0.35 mm

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d. Equipment Outline Thinner than main 0.5 mm

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process line but thicker
than secondary process

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line
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e. Package Equipment Similar thickness to 0.5 mm
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Boundary equipment outline but

different line type
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Table 2: Recommended line thickness for lines in PFD and P&ID

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iv. Distance from sheet border to the following shall be consistent as shown in in
table 3 below:
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No Distance from border of Recommended Minimum

sheet to Distance
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a. Bottom of equipment number 15 mm

b. Bottom of the inter-unit line 15 mm

reference box

c. Bottom of lowest equipment 220mm

Table 3: Recommended Minimum Distance from sheet border

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3.1.5 Drawing border should contain grid to enable easy reference.

3.1.6 Equipment sizes should be adequately reflected to portray relative sizes of the actual
equipment. Instruments shown should be proportionate to the size of the equipment.

3.1.7 Package equipment should be supplied with the relevant PFD and P&ID which should comply
with this PTS.

3.2 GENERAL NOTES

3.2.1 Notes that are applicable to all PFD and P&ID are to be defined in General Notes as part of the
legend.

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4.0 PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAMS

4.1 DESCRIPTION

4.1.1 Process Flow Diagrams are developed to show the

i. Interconnection of main process units and the associated changes in conditions
(flow, pressure, temperature,composition)
ii. Process design operating values of the system (flow, pressure, temperature,
composition)
iii. Key design features of the equipment
iv. Major control loops of the system

4.1.2 Major Utility provisions are represented as a diamond with the relevant utility legend

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4.1.3 Major Drain and Flare connections are represented as a diamond with the relevant flare and

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drain legend.

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4.2 LEGENDS AND SYMBOLS lU
4.2.1 All PFDs shall be provided with the legend indicating the equipment, controls and stream
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numbers which are used throughout the PFD

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4.2.2 Abbreviations used for

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i. Symbols
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ii. Equipment Labels

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iii. Utility connections

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iv. Drainage connections

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4.2.3 General Notes which are applicable for all PFD canl be included as a separate sheet.
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4.3 GENERAL LAYOUT OF PFD

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4.3.1 The general layout of the PFD for new projects shall be as the following:
i. The top portion of sheet is to be dedicated for equipment details which should
be represented in a box
ii. The right portion of the sheet should be dedicated for Notes
iii. The bottom right portion of the sheet should be dedicated for the title block
iv. The bottom portion of the sheet should be reserved for the stream details
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(i) Equipment information

(ii) Notes

(iii) Title
Block

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(iv) Stream Details

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Figure 1: General Layout of Process Flow
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4.3.2 For retrofit projects, the PFD shall incorporate a new sticker (Title Block) above the existing
title block. This is shown in the following figure.
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Existing Equipment information

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Notes
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New Title
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Block
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Existing
Title
Block
Existing Stream Details

Figure 2: General Layout of Process Flow for Existing Drawings

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4.3.3 For Retrofit Projects, the as-built Project PFD shall supersede existing PFD. The document shall
be managed according to Management of Change Procedures.

4.3.4 The number of equipment on each PFD should allow for sufficient empty space for future
retrofit projects.

4.3.5 The equipment on the PFD should be positioned to reflect the relative positions on site.

4.3.6 The equipment size drawn on the PFD should reflect the relative size of the actual equipment.
Equipment Tags shall be smaller than equipment size.

4.3.7 Retrofits to the existing system shall be clearly marked by a tie-in point marker (usually
diamond) and the new unit and connections clouded.

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4.4 OFF-PAGE AND UTILITY CONNECTORS (INTERCONNECTIONS/OPC)

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4.4.1 OPCs between the drawings within the same process unit should be shown by an arrow block

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with the connection number and the drawing numberlU
4.4.2 OPCs between different process units should be shown through a rectangular block with the
connection number and the drawing number.
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4.4.3 OPCs shall be marked with arrows indicating the direction of normal flow. Arrows pointing to
both directions are used to indicate that dual flow is allowed.
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4.4.4 OPCs should be on the same elevation in the drawing as much as practically possible.
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From To Unit
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Unit

Figure 3: Layout of Off-Page Connections (OPCs)

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4.5 STREAM INFORMATION

4.5.1 Major streams shall be assigned numbers. The stream details shall correspond to the assigned
numbers as shown in the following diagram.

Figure 4: Recommended placement of stream number

4.5.2 The stream numbers shall correspond to the detailed Heat and Mass Balance. The detailed
Heat and Mass Balance can be provided as a separate report.

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4.5.3 Multiple modes of operations which refer to the same schematic Process Flow Diagram would
require a separate sheet of stream details for the different modes of operations to be

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provided.

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4.5.4 For New Projects, appropriate units of measurement shall be selected to reflect the
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appropriate decimal places and significant figures as defined in Table 4. The units of
measurement shall be consistent with the Projet Basis of Design.
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4.5.5 For Retrofit Projects, the units of measurement and decimal places shall be consistent with
the existing system as defined by the Project Basis of Design.
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4.5.6 As a minimum, the following design operating stream information shall be provided for all
major streams in the PFD
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i. Gas Stream
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Description Decimal Places Remarks

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Vapour Fraction 2 0: Liquid, 1: Vapour

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Mass Flowrate 1
Pressure 1
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Temperature 0
Molecular Weight 2
Notes -
Table 4: Stream Information and Format for Gas Stream

ii. Liquid Stream

Description Decimal Places Remarks

Vapour Fraction 2 0: Liquid, 1: Vapour
Mass Flowrate 1
Volume Flowrate 0
Pressure 1
Temperature 0
Density at specified 2
temp,pressure e.g 15C , atm
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Description Decimal Places Remarks

Notes -
Table 5: Stream Information and Format for Liquid Stream

4.5.7 The following information can be provided in addition to the stream information provided in
Table 4.

Description Decimal Places Remarks

Phase Vapour/Liquid/Mixed
Molar Flow 1
Volume Flow 1
Standard Liquid Volume flow 1

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Standard Gas volume flow 1

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Mass Density 2

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Viscosity - lU
Specific Heat 2
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Component Molar Fractions - Shall be provided in mass

balance as a separate
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report
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Table 6: Additional Stream information and recommended format

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4.5.8 For Proprietary Process Units, sufficient stream information shall be provided as outlined in
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the requirements of the Proprietary Licensed Technology Assessment (PLTA) (PTS 18.53.07)
to enable safe operations of the unit.
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4.6 EQUIPMENT DETAILS

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4.6.1 Equipment details are provided at the top of the PFD. The equipment details shall include
i. Equipment Tag - underlined
ii. The equipment tags shall be in accordance with PTS 12.00.02
iii. Name of Equipment
iv. Equipment details

This is shown in the following Figure 5.

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Template: Example:

Figure 5: Recommended Layout for Equipment Details

4.6.2 For the following types of equipment, the minimum equipment details that shall be required
to be provided are as shown in Table 7. The units of measurement for each of the details shall
be provided. The operating details are based on the design case.

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No. Equipment Details provided Notes

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i. Column Internal Diameter Represented as (a)

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Length between tangent lines x (b)

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Operating Pressure
Design Pressure
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ii. Compressor Operating Power To be provided for
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each stage
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iii. Expanders Operating Power To be provided for

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each stage
iv. Filters Internal Diameter Represented as (a)
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Length between tangent lines x (b)

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v. Fired Heaters (a) Operating Heat Duty Heat duty for each
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section
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(radiant/convectio
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vi. Heat (a) Operating Heat Duty For Segmented

Exchangers heat exchangers,
duty for each
section should be
specified

vii. Mixers (a) Rated Power (of agitator)

viii. Packaged (a) Relevant Information Based on

Equipment configuration and
equipment within
the package.
ix. Pumps (a) Pump Capacity Differential head
in meter
(b) Differential Head
(c) Rated Power
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No. Equipment Details provided Notes

x. Reactors (a) Internal Diameter Represented as (a)
x (b)
(b) Length between tangent lines
(c) Operating Pressure
(d) Reactor Design Duty (if applicable)
(e) Reactor Operating Duty (if applicable)
xi. Separators/Ve (a) Internal Diameter Represented as (a)
ssels x (b)
(b) Length between tangent lines
xii. Tanks (a) Internal Diameter Represented as (a)
x (b)
(b) Height

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(c) Maximum Working Volume

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Table 7: Minimum Equipment Details

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4.6.3 For the following types of equipment, the minimum equipment details that shall be required
to be provided schematically in the PFD are provided in Table 8. Reference shall be made to
Standard Drawings

No. Equipment Minimum schematic details Notes

i. Column (a) For Tray columns: For columns that are
a combination of tray
 Number of trays.
and packings, all
 Trays should be numbered from sections are to be
top to bottom shown schematically
 Tray passes
(b) For Packed Columns:
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Number of packed beds

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(c) Feed and product draw-off and reflux

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return locations and the corresponding

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tray numbers
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(d) Internals – for example, distributors,
demister, chimney trays
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ii. Compressor (a) Connections to driver (eg: motor or

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turbine)
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iii. Expanders (a) Connection to driver/compressor

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iv. Filters (a) Internals

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v. Fired Heaters (a) Schematic arrangement tubes/piping

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and normal flow direction in the

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Radiant and Convection Sections

(b) Heater/Coil configuration
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(c) Schematic arrangement of fan/blower

(forced or induced draft)
(d) Damper location
vi. Heat (a) General type of heat exchanger
Exchangers
(b) Arrangement of shell/tube streams
(c) Flow directions of stream
vii. Mixers (a) Agitator representation

viii. Packaged (a) Schematic details provided Provided by

Equipment Vendor/Licensor
ix. Pumps NA For special/critical
service pump,
internal arrangement
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No. Equipment Minimum schematic details Notes

should be shown e.g
For sea water service
pump (submersible) ,
location of chemical
injection point should
be indicated in PFD.
x. Reactors (a) Internal heat transfer required –
for example: jacket,
heating/cooling coil
(b) Internals – for example, packings,
distributors
(c) Mixing facilities – for example

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agitator

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xi. Vessels/ (a) Internals: eg. Demister,
Separators distributors, packing, Weir

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(b) Installation Type:
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Vertical/Horizontal
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(c) Type: eg. Two phase, multiple

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(d) Approximate location of feed and

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draw-off lines
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xii. Tanks (a) Tank type

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(b) Special features- for example:

blanketing, insulation, mixing,
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heating
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Table 8: Equipment Schematic Details

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4.7 INSTRUMENT AND CONTROL LOOPS

4.7.1 Only major control loops are to be shown. These will be represented by simplified control
loops as outlined in PTS 14.00.03-L

4.8 PFD FOR UTILITIES AND DRAINAGE FACILITIES

4.8.1 In general, Process Flow Diagrams for Utilities consists of the generation and distribution
systems. Process Flow Diagrams for Utilities include but are not limited to:
i. Steam and Condensate System
ii. Instrument Air System
iii. Nitrogen System
iv. Fuel Gas System
v. Service/Potable Water System
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vi. Cooling Water System

vii. Fire Fighting/Fire Water System

4.8.2 Process Flow Diagrams for Drainage Facilities consists of drainage network and collection
point. This can be a waste water treatment system and collection sumps for liquids and/or
liquids collected from flare system.

4.8.3 Process Flow Diagrams for utilities shall be indicated by the Unit Number in the title block.

4.8.4 The design Conditions (Pressure and Temperature) of the main distribution headers shall be
provided in the Process Flow Diagram

4.8.5 All the requirements outlined in subsections 4.1 – 4.7 shall apply to Process Flow Diagrams for
Utilities and Drainage Facilities.

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4.9 OVERALL PFD

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4.9.1 Overall Process Flow for the entire facility on a single drawing should be developed indicating

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the main interconnections between all the process units
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4.9.2 Overall Process Flow Diagrams shall be developed for the following systems:
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i. Overall Process Module

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ii. Tankage and Loading Facility

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iii. Steam Distribution Network

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iv. Major Utility Distribution Networks

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4.10 EXCEPTIONS
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4.10.1 The following are not shown in the Process Flow Diagram
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i. Piping information – Pipe class, pipe rating, pipe size, line number
ii. Instrumentation details
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iii. Valve types

iv. Detailed Piping Connections to Utilities
v. Detailed Piping Connections Flare and Drains
vi. Sample and Analyser connections
vii. Piping Connection type
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5.0 PIPING AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM (P&ID)

5.1 DESCRIPTION

5.1.1 Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams are developed to show the

i. Interconnection of main process units and the associated piping
ii. Piping details and connections associated with the overall operation and
maintenance of the system
iii. Associated instrumentations to provide control and safeguarding of the system.
This include pneumatic and electrical signal connections

5.1.2 Fixed utility connections shall be indicated and connected to the appropriate distribution
system

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5.1.3 Fixed Drain and Flare connections shall be indicated and connected to the appropriate

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distribution system

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5.1.4 The P&ID shall be developed consistent with the Plant Operation and Maintenance Philosophy
and the Project Isolation Philosophy.
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5.2 LEGENDS AND SYMBOLS

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5.2.1 For New Projects, reference shall be made to the legends and symbols in the PTS Standard
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Drawings. For Retrofit Projects, the Specific Project Specifications are to be used. A consistent
convention shall be used throughout the development of the P&ID.
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5.2.2 All P&ID shall be provided with the legend indicating the following abbreviations which are
used throughout the P&ID:
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i. Instrument including naming convention as provided in PTS 14.00.03

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ii. Mechanical including piping and equipment naming convention as provided in

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PTS 12.00.02
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iii. Process Abbreviations

iv. Utility Abbreviations

5.2.3 All P&ID shall be provided with the legend indicating the following symbols which are used
throughout the P&ID:
i. Line Designations - Pipe, Pneumatic and Electrical Lines
ii. Pipe fittings
iii. Valve types
iv. Instrument Symbols
v. Auxiliary equipment – Steam Traps, Filters, Strainers
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5.2.4 Legends shall also include the following typical configurations if not indicated in detail in the
respective P&ID:
i. Sample Connections
ii. Drain Connections
iii. Relief valve connections
iv. Utility Station
v. Motorised Control Valves
vi. Pump seal flushing connections
vii. Equipment layout, in particular
a) Air Fin Cooler configuration

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b) Pump Seal connections

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5.2.5 For the standard symbols and layouts for piping and instrumentation, refer to
i. PTS Standard Drawings

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ii. Instrumentation PTS 14.00.03
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iii. Piping PTS 12.00.02
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5.2.6 General Notes which are applicable for all P&ID shall be included as a separate sheet.
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5.2.7 Cause and Effect Matrix should be reflected in f the P&ID

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5.3 GENERAL LAYOUT OF P&ID

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5.3.1 The general layout of the P&ID for new projects shall be as the Figure 6
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i. The top portion of sheet is to be dedicated for equipment details

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ii. The left portion of the sheet should be dedicated for Notes
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iii. The bottom right portion of the sheet should be dedicated for the title block
iv. The left and right portion of the drawing area should be reserved for the
connections to/from other drawings for the same unit
v. The bottom portion of the drawing area should be reserved for the connections
to/from other drawings for different units
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(i) Equipment information

Connections to/from other drawings

Connections to/from other drawings (ii) Notes

(Same Unit)
(Same Unit)

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(iii) Title

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Block
Connections to/from other

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(Different Unit)
Figure 6: General Layout of Process & Instrumentation Diagram
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5.3.2 For retrofit projects, the P&ID shall incorporate a new sticker (Title Block) above the existing
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title block during the project stage. This is shown in the following figure.
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Existing Equipment information

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Notes
Connections to/from other drawings
Connections to/from other drawings

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(Same Unit)
(Same Unit)

New Title
Block

Existing
Title Block
Connections to/from other
drawings
(Different Unit)
Figure 7: New Title Block for P&ID for existing systems
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5.3.3 In general, only one major equipment shall be placed on each P&ID. There should be sufficient
empty space for future retrofit projects

5.3.4 The equipment on the P&ID should be positioned to reflect the relative positions on site.

5.3.5 The equipment size drawn on the P& ID should reflect the relative size of the actual
equipment.

5.3.6 Retrofits to the existing system shall be clearly marked by a tie-in point marker (usually
diamond) and the new unit with piping and instrumentations clouded.

5.3.7 The number of line crossings shall be minimised.

5.4 OFF PAGE CONNECTIONS (OPC)

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5.4.1 Off Page Connections between the drawings within the same process unit should be shown

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by an arrow block with the connection number, piping number and the drawing number

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5.4.2 OPC between for different process units should be shown through a rectangular block with
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the service, connection number, piping number and the drawing number.
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5.4.3 OPC shall be marked with arrows indicating the direction of normal flow. Arrows pointing to
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both directions are used to indicate that dual flow is allowed.

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5.4.4 OPC should be on the same elevation in the drawing as much as practically possible.
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5.5 GENERAL P&ID DRAWING DETAILS

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5.5.1 The P&ID shall show all piping with the following information which shall be in accordance
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with PTS 12.00.02 and PTS 12.30.01

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i. Line Size
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ii. Line Number

iii. Piping Class
iv. Insulation/Tracing Type
v. Main process lines shall be shown thicker and bolder than secondary process lines
and service lines
vi. Pneumatic signals and electrical connections shall be indicated differently to
process lines
(PSR)
5.5.2 All piping and its components, mechanical equipment and instrumentation shall be
indicated as required for:
i. Normal Operation
a) Normal Control and Operation
b) Position of the manual valves during normal operation
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i. Locked Close
ii. Locked Open
c) General Flow direction
i. Check valves
d) Utility connections
e) Sample Connections

ii. Start up
a) Temporary and Permanent Lines
b) Pressurising/Depresurising Requirements

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c) Cooling and Heating Requirements

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d) Venting/Draining Requirements

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iii. Shutdown
a) Spectacle Blind
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b) Blind Flanges
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c) Spacer Rings
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d) Isolation Valves
e) Bypasses and Pressurising/Depressurising Requirements
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f) Venting/Draining Requirements
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iv. Emergency and Safeguarding

a) Fail action and tight shutoff requirements of automated valves
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b) Safety Shutdown System signal to the final element

c) Pressure Relief Valves including set points of Pressure Relief Valves
d) Vent and/or Flare Lines
e) Emergency Shutdown Valves

v. Provisions for future requirements

a) Provisions for future tie-ins as defined by the project

5.5.3 The P&ID shall indicate specific engineering requirements necessary for the design. These
shall include but not limited to
i. sections of piping where no high points (i.e. no pockets) are allowed on non-
inclined lines
ii. sections of piping where inclined lines are required
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a) Slope ratio and direction

b) Gravity Flow (Free draining) and direction
iii. minimum distance of straight pipe lengths

5.5.4 The P&ID shall indicate the following changes by a line break
i. Change in piping specification (for example, material, insulation, class, paint)
ii. Change in custodianship (for example, instrument and piping)
iii. Relative location for jetty (for example, Shore, jetty and jetty head)
iv. Above ground (AG) and underground (UG) piping

5.5.5 The following should not be indicated in the P&ID

i. Vent and drains that are not required for process reasons, for example

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hydrotesting connections are not shown in the P&ID.

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ii. Electrical to pneumatic transducers

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iii. Instrument types will be shown on the instrument data sheet and not on the P&ID
except where specifically required for special applications.
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iv. Instrument details for example instrument valving
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v. Fire and/or gas detectors. The locations for these shall be shown on the plot plan
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for specific areas.

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5.6 EQUIPMENT DETAILS

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5.6.1 Equipment details are provided at the top of the P&ID. The equipment details shall be as
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outlined in the project drafting procedure. These include but are not limited to:
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i. Equipment Tag
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The equipment tags shall be in accordance with PTS 12.00.02

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ii. Name of Equipment

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iii. Size and/or Capacity

iv. Design Pressure and Temperature of the Equipment.
This is shown in the following figure:

Template: Example:

Figure 8: Layout for Equipment Details

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5.6.2 The equipment connections (flanged/bolted etc.) to the piping shall be indicated in the P&ID.
Nozzle connections shall be indicated.

5.6.3 All details as required in the PFD (as per Table 6) shall be indicated. In addition, all
instrumentation and control loops shall be indicated.

5.6.4 Requirements for start up and shutdown, drain and venting points shall be indicated
schematically and connected to the relevant systems.

5.6.5 Locations of safeguarding devices for example Pressure Relief Valves, Bursting Discs, Vacuum
breakers shall (PSR) be indicated on the equipment.

5.6.6 All permanent utility connections shall be shown and connected to the relevant P&ID for the
Utility Distribution Systems.

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5.7 PIPING DETAILS

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5.7.1 Piping details shall be in accordance with PTS 12.00.02 and PTS 12.30.01.

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5.8 INSTRUMENT DETAILS
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5.8.1 Instrument symbols and configurations used shall be in accordance with PTS 14.00.03-L
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5.8.2 All instruments and connections for the following shall be indicated in the P&ID
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i. Manual Control (Hand Valves)

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ii. Base Layer Control

iii. Advanced Regulatory Control (ARC)
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iv. Advanced Process Control (APC)

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5.8.3 All Indicators and alarms shall be indicated in the P&ID

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5.8.4 All instruments for Instrumented Protective Function (IPF) loops (trip systems) including shut
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down valves, manual push buttons, switches, auxiliary instruments and any bypass
handswitches for and Instrumentated Protected Systems (IPS) shall be indicated schematically
in the P&ID.

5.8.5 Instrumentation Trip Initiator voting description, for example: 2oo3 shall be indicated in the
P&ID.

5.8.6 The location for each of the instrument functions (for example, local, on a local panel, or
remote from the control room panel) shall be indicated schematically.
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6.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY

In this PTS, reference is made to the following Standards/Publications. Unless specifically

designated by date, the latest edition of each publication shall be used, together with any
supplements/revisions thereto:

PETRONAS STANDARDS

Index to PTS PTS 00.01.01

PTS Requirements, General Definition of Terms & Reading Guide PTS 00.01.03

Piping classes - basis of design PTS 12.30.01

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Symbols and identification system – Mechanical PTS 12.00.02

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Instrumentation Symbols and Identification on Piping and PTS 14.00.03

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Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID),DCS Engineering Tools and MMS
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Proprietary and Licensed Technology Assessment (PLTA) PTS 18.53.07
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