THE ALPHABET

Consonants: Vowels:
B, C, D, F, G, H, J, ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ A, E, I,
K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, O, U
S, T, V, W, X, Y, Z
Noun: a place,
person or thing

Proper noun Common noun Collective noun Concrete noun Abstract noun

Names of people, Things and objects Groups of people, animals or Things you can Things you cannot
places, titles REGULAR, EVERYDAY  things. WE USE COLLECTIVE TOUCH, TASTE, SEE, TOUCH, TASTE, SEE,
CAPITAL LETTERS E.g.: table, soil, boy, NOUNS LIKE AN ADJECTIVE SMELL, HEAR SMELL, HEAR
E.g: Robert, Daisy, girl, dog, teacher, E.g: flock, herd, band, class E.g: computer, E.g: English, fear,
England, Paris, phone, pen, screen A flock of geese house, John, dog, childhood, happy,
January, Mr, Mrs, A band of musicians noise, orange, courage, education,
Miss, Sir, Madame,  A class of students smoke, book politeness
 Su
b
ve: do ject
a ing :w
e s h ject Ve h
ten c
, o b Verb: a doing rb the a oev
Se n
v erb Ob : do cti er i
ject, or being word j
or ect: ing w n
o s
sub thi t
ng he p ord
aff e
ec rson
ted
DOING VERB This verb shows an action. E.g. I ate food. Donna is drinking water. The flowers danced.

BEING VERB This verb shows what someone or something is. E.g. I am a teacher. The bucket is blue. I am eight.

VERB TENSES Verb tenses show if something happened in the past, present or future. E.g.
PRESENT: go, see, come, have
PAST: went, did, saw, came, had
FUTURE: will go, will do, will see, will come, will have

Already happening verbs - add -ing

E.g. I am eating. I am studying. You are laughing.

HELPING VERB Helping verbs give us more information about main verbs. some sentences don't make sense unless we use helping verbs:
HAVE - to talk about the past. E.g. You have eaten food.
COULD - to show possibility. E.g. You could dance if you want to.
WOULD: to show possibility or ask something. E.g. Would you be so kind as to close the door?

ACTIVE VERB A verb in a sentence where the subject is doing the action to the object.
E.g. James (S) danced (V) on the carpet (O).
The subject is clearly doing something to the object. Subject is first before the object.

PASSIVE VERB A verb in a sentence where something is being done to the subject by the object. The object comes first before the subject.
E.g. The carpet (O) was danced (V) on by James (S).
 Verb: a doing
or being word

ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE

The active voice of a verb tells us someone / The passive voice of a verb tells us someone /
something is doing the action in a sentence. something is has an action being done to them.

Some examples: Some examples:

James watered the flower. The flowers were watered by James.

Sarah finished her homework. The homework was finished by Sarah.

The cat drank milk. The milk was drunk by the cat.

They are planting trees. The trees are being planted by them.

I baked a cake. The cake was baked by me.

 can
v es Adjective:
ct i o r
je re
Ad e f o
un describes a
b o
go r a n noun
f t e
a

Describes nouns Possessive adjectives Adjectives which

Adjectives describe or give more
information about nouns
Colour: green, yellow
Size: big, small
Temperature: hot, cold
Smell: fragrant, stinky
E.g: The greasy pan.
The elephant was large and grey.
compare nouns
They show possession or ownership
COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES: 
1st person: My
Compares two things
2nd person: Your
Tells us if they were bigger, smaller, better, worse than...
3rd person (male): His
E.g. My bag is smaller than yours.
3rd person (female): Her
This blue dress is longer than that green dress.
3rd thing: Its
1st person (plural): Our
SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES:
2nd person (plural): Your
Tells us something is the most, least, best or worst. 
3rd person & thing (plural): Their
It is the most extreme measure of something
E.g. She is the fastest runner.
E.g. That's my small dog.
Anna is the most popular girl in our school.
I like your hat.
 it e,
y , qu all Adverb: describes
ve r re
k e y a
ds li e arl a verb or an
r n
Wo e ly ,
s!
re m ve rb adjective
ext a d

Verbs Adjectives

Tells you how or when Used to show how much an

an action happened adjective affects a noun

E.g. He walked quickly. E.g. My bag is quite big.

I woke up early. She is extremely silent.
I was late. It was really dark.
 Pronoun:
words that
replace a
noun

Subject Object Possessive Reflexive

pronoun pronoun pronoun pronoun

1st person I Me Mine Myself

2nd person You You Your Yourself
3rd person (male) He Him His Himself
3rd person (female) She Her Hers Herself
3rd thing It It - Itself
1st person (plural) We Us Ours Ourselves
2nd person (plural) You You Yours Yourselves
3rd person & thing (plural) They Them Theirs Themselves
 Consonants: Vowels:
Article: words that
B, C, D, F, G, H, J, A, E, I,
go in front of a
K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, O, U
noun: a, an, the
S, T, V, W, X, Y, Z

"A"
Goes before a "The"
consonant Used for general things
"An"
Goes before a vowel
E.g. A fridge E.g. The apple
A car The orchestra
E.g. An apple
A phone The elephant
An orchestra
EXCEPT An elephant
Words that sound
EXCEPT
like they start
Words with silent
with a "y"
consonant sounds
E.g. A university
E.g. An hour
A unicorn
An honour
A union
An honest person
 Preposition:
tells you how
things are related

Where When

Where something is in relation When things happen in relation to

to something else: each other:

Under, over, at, on, in, through, While, during, until, in,
into, beneath, above, below since, before, after

E.g. I put my phone on the table. E.g. I ran until I I was tired.
The boat sank under the water. I fell asleep while watching TV.