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FOF Seminar Activities Topic 6 Solutions
FOF Seminar Activities Topic 6 Solutions
FOF Seminar Activities Topic 6 Solutions
FIN1FOF – FUNDAMENTALS OF FINANCE
SEMINAR ACTIVITIES – TOPIC 6 – SOLUTIONS
Refer to the following information in answering Questions 1 to 17.
A firm is considering the following four projects, with cash flows as shown. The firm’s cost of
capital is 9% and, for the purposes of the Payback Period method, the maximum acceptable
payback period is 3 years.
1. What is the NPV of Project A?
C1 C2 C3 C4
NPVA C0
1 re 1 re 2
1 re 1 re
3 4
400 600 1200 800
1800 $565.34
1.09 1.092 1.093 1.094
2. What is the NPV of Project B?
C1 C2 C3 C4
NPVB C0
1 re 1 re 2
1 re 1 re
3 4
2000 1600 900 900
4000 $514.10
1.09 1.09 1.09 1.094
2 3
3. If these are mutually exclusive projects, based on the NPV method, would you accept Project
A, Project B, both or neither?
Project A
4. If these are independent projects, based on the NPV method, would you accept Project A,
Project B, both or neither?
Both
5. With reference to the concepts of cash, time and risk, briefly explain why discounted cash flow
project evaluation methods (e.g. NPV and IRR) are superior to other methods.
They focus on cash rather than accounting profit.
By discounting future cash flows, they account for the time value of money.
By using an appropriate discount rate, commensurate with risk, they account for risk.
Seminar Activities 1
FIN1FOF – Fundamentals of Finance Topic 6 – Capital Budgeting
6. What is the IRR of Project C?
1/ n
FV
IRRC 1
PV
1/4
4685
1 10%
3200
7. What is the IRR of Project D?
1/ n
FV
IRRC 1
PV
1/3
9448
1 8%
7500
8. If these are mutually exclusive projects, based on the IRR method, would you accept Project
C, Project D, both or neither?
Project C
9. If these are independent projects, based on the IRR method, would you accept Project C,
Project D, both or neither?
Project C
10. What are the disadvantages of the IRR method of project evaluation?
It may give an incorrect ranking for mutually exclusive projects of different size.
If there are negative cash flows after positive cash flows, there may be zero or multiple
internal rates of return.
11. Under what circumstances will NPV and IRR result in the same accept/reject decision?
Independent projects, where all negative cash flows precede all positive cash flows.
12. What is the exact payback period of Project A (assuming the cash flows shown occur evenly
throughout each year)?
b
PPA a
c
800
3 2.67 years
1200
13. What is the exact payback period of Project B?
b
PPB a
c
400
2 2.44 years
900
Seminar Activities 2
FIN1FOF – Fundamentals of Finance Topic 6 – Capital Budgeting
14. If these are mutually exclusive projects, based on the payback method, would you accept
Project A, Project B, both or neither?
Project B
15. If these are independent projects, based on the payback method, would you accept Project A,
Project B, both or neither?
Both
16. What are the disadvantages of the payback method of project evaluation?
It does not account for the time value of money.
It does not adequately account for risk.
It ignores cash flows after the Payback Period.
It is based on an arbitrary cut‐off which is not grounded in economic theory.
Because of the above disadvantages:
It may result in the rejection of a positive‐NPV project.
17. Based on all of the preceding information, if these are mutually exclusive projects, would you
accept Project A, Project B, both or neither?
Project A
Refer to the following information in answering Questions 18 to 23.
Consider two projects with the following cash flows.
Project E Project F
Year Cash flow Year Cash flow Year Cash flow
0 ‐$2000 0 ‐$4450 4 $1000
1 $400 1 $1400 5 $500
2 $600 2 $1200 6 $500
3 $800 3 $1000 7 $500
4 $1000
The cost of capital is 9% p.a.
18. What is the NPV of Project E?
400 600 800 1000
NPVE 2000 $198.15
1.09 1.09 1.093 1.09 4
2
19. What is the NPV of Project F?
1400 1200 1000 1000 500 500 500
NPVF 4450 $221.64
1.09 1.09 1.09 1.09 1.09 1.09 1.097
2 3 4 5 6
20. If these are mutually exclusive projects, based on the NPV method, would you accept Project
E, Project F, both or neither?
Project F
Seminar Activities 3
FIN1FOF – Fundamentals of Finance Topic 6 – Capital Budgeting
21. What is the Equivalent Annual Annuity of Project E?
NPVE 198.15
EAAE $61.16
1 1 1
1
1
1
0.09 1.094
1 r
r n
22. What is the Equivalent Annual Annuity of Project F?
NPVF 221.64
EAAF $44.04
1 1 1
1
1
1
0.09 1.097
1 r
r n
23. If these are mutually exclusive projects, and the selected project will replaced by an identical
project in perpetuity, which project would you select?
Project E
24. Consider the projects shown below. If your capital budget is limited to $1000, which projects
would you select?
Project NPV Investment
A $240 $400
B $350 $600
240
C $180 $250 E.g. PI A 0.60
D $170 $300 400
E $220 $350
F $30 $50
Project NPV Investment PI
A $240 $400 0.60
B $350 $600 0.58
C $180 $250 0.72
D $170 $300 0.57
E $220 $350 0.63
Sorted in order of highest to lowest PI:
Project NPV Investment PI
C $180 $250 0.72
E $220 $350 0.63
A $240 $400 0.60
B $350 $600 0.58
D $170 $300 0.57
Select Projects C, E and A.
Seminar Activities 4
FIN1FOF – Fundamentals of Finance Topic 6 – Capital Budgeting
25. Consider the projects shown below. If your capital budget is limited to $1200, which projects
would you select?
Project NPV Investment
F $190 $300
G $250 $400
190
H $100 $150 E.g. PI A 0.63
I $120 $200 300
J $180 $250
K $30 $50
Project NPV Investment PI
F $190 $300 0.63
G $250 $400 0.63
H $100 $150 0.67
I $120 $200 0.60
J $180 $250 0.72
K $30 $50 0.60
Sorted in order of highest to lowest PI:
Project NPV Investment PI
J $180 $250 0.72
H $100 $150 0.67
F $190 $300 0.63
G $250 $400 0.63
I $120 $200 0.60
K $30 $50 0.60
Select Projects J, H, F, G and K (because K has a positive NPV and fits into the capital budget,
even though Project I doesn’t).
26. Under what circumstances should Profitability Index be used to select projects, and why?
When projects are independent and there is insufficient capital to undertake all
positive‐NPV projects.
P.I. measures the NPV per dollar of investment (or “bang for the buck”). If projects
are selected on the basis of P.I., the total amount of NPV of the selected projects will
be maximised.
27. Under what circumstances can you maximise total NPV for the firm by NOT selecting projects
based on their NPV?
Projects with unequal levels that will be replaced by a continual chain of identical
projects – selecting on the basis of the Equivalent Annual Annuity will result in
maximisation of total NPV in the long run.
Independent projects where the capital budget is limited – selecting on the basis of
the Profitability Index will result in maximisation of total NPV.
Seminar Activities 5