PAKISTAN STUDIES

DEMOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF
PAKISTAN
PRESENTATION
SUBMITTED TO:-

SIR MAJOR KHALIL

GROUP MEMBERS:-
Ahmad Abbassi
Shahab Mehmood
Chauhdary Tanveer
Abdul Baqi Malik
Zaheer Abbass
Ahtisham Abbassi
Waqas Ali Anjum
Azhar Iqbal
 CONTENTS

No Contents Page No Speaker

1 Introduction 1 Ahmad
Abbassi
2 Demographic features 1-6 Shahab
1. Population Mehmood
(1-3)
2. Vital Statistics
3. Literacy rate
4. Educational institutes in Chauhdary
Pakistan Tanveer
5. Nationality, Ethnicity and (4-6)
Languages
6. Religions
3 Political and administrative units 7-13 Abdul Baqi
(1, National
1. Structure Assembly)
2. Seat Distribution
I. National Assembly Zaheer
II. Provincial Assembly Abbass
(Balochistan,
III. Azad Kashmir KPK, Gilgit
Assembly Assembly)

Ahtisham
Abbassi
(Punjab,
Sindh,
Kashmir
Assembly)
4 Senate of Pakistan 14-16 Waqas Ali
1. Introduction (1-3)
2. Purpose and role
3. Relation b/w houses Azhar Iqbal
4. Cabinet (4)
5 Strategic Analysis 16-17 Azhar Iqbal

6 Bibliographic Research 18 ---

DEMOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF PAKISTAN
INTRODUCTION:-
Demographic features of the population of Pakistan, including population, density, ethnicity, and
educational level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects
of the population.
Pakistan estimated population in 2014 is over 199 million, making it the world sixth-most-
populous country, behind Brazil and Nigeria. During 1950-2011, Pakistan urban population
expanded over sevenfold, while the total population increased by over fourfold. In the past,
country population’s had a relatively high growth rate that has been changed by moderate birth
rates. In 2014, the population growth rate stands at 1.49%.
Pakistan sustained its historical lead as the second most urbanized nation in South Asia with city
dwellers making up 36% of its population. Now, 50% Pakistanis reside in towns of 5,000 people
or more.
Pakistan has a multicultural and multi-ethnic society and hosts one of the largest refugee
populations in the world as well as young population.

History:-
The demographic history of Pakistan from the ancient Indus Valley Civilization to modern era
includes the arrival and settlement of many cultures and ethnic groups in modern region of
Pakistan from Central Asia, Middle East and Europe.

DEMOGRAPHIC FEATURES:-
1. POPULATION:-
The majority of southern Pakistan's population lives along the Indus River. Karachi is the most
populous city in Pakistan. In the northern half, most of the population lives about an arc formed
by the cities of Faisalabad, Lahore, Rawalpindi, Sargodha, Islamabad, Multan, Gujranwala,
Sialkot ,Nowshera, Swabi, Mardan, and Peshawar.

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 Population Size and Growth:-
 The population of Pakistan is 199,085,847 (Nineteen Crore Ninety Lac Eighty Five
Thousands Eight Hundred Forty Seven) established in December 2014.
 The growth rate of Pakistan is 1.49% established in 2014.

According to OECD, the population in Pakistan increased by 23 million from 1990 to 2008, with
a 54% growth in population compared to 34% growth in India and 38% growth in Bangladesh.

Gender Ratios:-
 Gender ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
 Under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
 15-64 years: 1.09 male(s)/female
 65 years and over: 0.92 male(s)/female
 Total population: 1.07 male(s)/female (established in 2011).

2. VITAL STATISTICS:-

Year Populatio Live Deaths Natural Crude Crude Natural Fertility

(beginning) n births (in change birth death Change rates
( in (in thousands) ( in rate (per rate (per
thousands) thousands thousands) thousands (per thousands)
) ) thousands)
2011 177,100 4,870 1,293 3,577 27,5 7,3 20,2 3,5
2012 180,710 4,915 1,301 3,614 27,2 7,2 20,0 3,4
2013 184,350 4,941 1,291 3,650 26,8 7,0 19,8 3,3
2014 188,020 4,964 1,297 3,667 26,4 6,9 19,5 3,2

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Fertility Rate and Contraceptives Usage by Regions 2010-2012:-
It is released in 2012-2013.

Region Fertility Rate Contraceptive usage (%)

Urban 3.2 44.8%
Rural 4.2 30.7%
Overall 3.8 35.4%
ICT Islamabad 3.0 59.4%
Punjab 3.8 40.7%
Gilgit-Baltistan 3.8 33.6%
Sindh 3.9 29.5%
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 3.9 28.1%
Balochistan 4.2 19.5%

Mortality and Life Expectancy:-

 Maternal mortality ratio: 320 (est. in 2009)
 Infant mortality ratio: 57.48 deaths/1,000 live births (est. in 2012)
Life expectancy at birth: 63.39 years (est. in 2009)
 Male: 62.4 years (est. in 2009)
 Female: 64.44 years (est. in 2009)

3. LITERACY RATES:-
Definition: “Someone able to read and write in aged of 10 as of 2008-09.”
 Total population: 60%
 Male: 69%
 Female: 45%

4. EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN PAKISTAN:

* SCHOOLS:-
 Primary:- 156,592 (One Lac Fifty Six Thousands Five Hundred Seventy Two)
 Middle:- 320,611 (Three Lac Twenty Thousands Six Hundred Eleven)
 High:- 23,964 (Twenty Three Thousands Nine Hundred Sixty Four)

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 * COLLEGES:-
 College of Art and Sciences:- 3,213 (Three Thousands Two Hundred Thirteen)
 Degree Colleges:- 1,202 (One Thousand Two Hundred Two)
 Technical and Vocational Institutes:-3,125 (Three Thousand One Hundred Twenty
Five)

*UNIVERSITIES:- 153 (One Hundred Fifty Three)

5. NATIONALITY, ETHNICITY,
AND LANGUAGES:-
*ETHNIC GROUPS:-
Definition: “A community or population made up
of a people who share a common cultural background
or descent.”

Punjabi’s are the largest ethnic group. Pashtun’s

(Pakhtuns) make up the second largest group and
Sindhi’s are the third largest ethnic group. Saraiki’s
(A transitional group b/w Punjabis and Sindhis) make
up 10.53% of the total population. The remaining
large groups include the Muhajir’s and the Baloch
people, which make up 7.57% and 3.57% of the total
population. Hindkowan’s and the Brahui, and the
various people of the Gilgit-Baltistan, constitute
roughly 4.66% of the total population.

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FOREIGN BORN
POPULATION IN
PAKISTAN:-
After the Independence of Pakistan in
1947, many Muslims from India
migrated to Pakistan and they are the
largest group of the foreign born
residents. The second largest group of
foreign born residents consists of
Muslim refugees from Afghanistan,
who have settled in Pakistan due to
civil war in their home country. There
are also smaller groups of Muslim
immigrants from Burma, Bangladesh,
Iraq, Somalia, Iran, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan, among others.

*LANGUAGES:-
There are around 75-80 known Pakistani Languages although practice, there are primarily six
major languages in Pakistan spoken by 95% of the population Punjabi, Pashto, Sindhi, Saraiki,
Urdu and Balochi. The official language is English and national language is Urdu. The census
indicates that around 8% of population speaks Urdu as their first language.
Most Pakistanis speaks or understand at least two or three and almost all Pakistanis speak or
understand the national language, Urdu. The most prevalent native languages, with the
percentage of population speaking them as their first language are:
 Urdu (8%)
 Punjabi (44%)
 Sindhi (14%)
 Pashto (15%)
 Balochi (4%)
 Saraiki (10%)
 Others (4%)

DARDIC LANGUAGES:-
The Dardic Languages are spoken in the northern Pakistan. They include Shina (spoken in
Gilgit, Chilas and Diamar), Khowar (spoken in Chitral, Ghizer, Swat) and the Balti language
(spoken in [Baltistan] including [skardu] district and [Ghanche] district.

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6. RELIGIONS:-
According to CIA and Oxford University research, over
97% of the population of Pakistan is Muslim and the
remaining 3% is other communities like Christians,
Hindus, Sikhs and others.
There are small non-Muslim religious groups, including
Christians, Jews, Hindus, Buddhists, Sikhs, Baha’is and
Zoroastrians (Parsis).
The religious breakdown of Pakistani population is as
follows:
 Muslims: 181,723,000
 Christians: 2,700,000 (approx. 1.8%)
 Hindus: 1,800,000 (approx. 1.6%)
 Ahmadiyya in Pakistan
 Buddhists: 106,989
 Sikhs: 30,000
 Zoroastrians (Parsis): 25,000
 Jews: 200
 Animists, Baha’i, Atheists: N/A

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 POLITICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS OF PAKISTAN
The administrative units of Pakistan consist of four provinces, one federal capital territory,
two autonomous and disputed territories and a group of federal administrative tribal areas
(FATA). There are three more tiers of government, including 149 districts (zillahs), 588 sub-
districts (tehsils) and several thousand union councils.

1. STRUCTURE OF ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS:-

Pakistan administrative units are as follows:

No# Administrative Local name Capital Population Area(km2)

Units
1 Khyber ‫خیبرپختونخوا‬ Peshawar 12.9% 8.5%
Pakhtunkhwa
2 Balochistan ‫بلوچستان‬ Quetta 4.8% 39.3%
3 Punjab ‫پنجاب‬ Lahore 53.7% 23.3%
4 Sindh ‫سندھ‬ Karachi 22.2% 16.0%
5 Islamabad Capital ‫وفاقی دارالحکومت‬ Islamabad 0.6% 0.1%
Territory
6 Federally ‫ وفاقی قبائلی عالقہ جات‬Peshawar 2.3% 3.1%
Administered
Tribal Areas
7 Gilgit-Baltistan ‫گلگت بلتستان‬ Gilgit 1.5% 8.0%
8 Azad Kashmir ‫آزاد کشمیر‬ Muzaffarabad 2.5% 1.5%
Pakistan ‫پاکستان‬ Islamabad 182,000,000 881,889

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2. Seat Distribution:-
* NATIONAL ASSEMBLY:-
The National Assembly of Pakistan is the lower house of bicameral Majlis-e-Shura. The National
Assembly is democratically elected body, consisting of 342 members, who are referred to
member of National Assembly (MNAs).
Each National Assembly is formed for a five year term so members are commencing from date
of first sitting in assembly. The National Assembly is dissolved by President of Pakistan, upon
the advice of Prime Minister of Pakistan. Elections for 14th National Assembly were held on 11th
May 2013.
The total elected members are 272 and total reserved seats for women are 60 and the total
reserved seats for non-Muslim are 10.

Composition of National Assembly Seats by Region:

Province District General Women Non- Population Total Area(km2)

Seats Muslims
Federal 1 2 - 2.3% 2 3.1%
Capital
Punjab 36 148 35 53.7% 183 23.3%
Sindh 23 61 14 22.2% 15 16.0%
KPK 25 35 8 12.9% 43 8.5%
Balochistan 32 14 3 4.8% 17 39.3%
FATA 7= Tribal 12 - 2.3% 12 3.1%
Agencies
6=Frontier
Regions.
Gilgit- 9 - - 1.3% 8.2%
Baltistan
A.J & K 10 - - 2.2% 1.5%
TOTAL 149 272 60 10 342

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 SEATS FOR NATIONAL ASSEMBLY
1. KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA:
No. Constituency
1 NA-1 (Peshawar-I)
2 NA-6 (Nowshera-II)
3 NA-9 (Mardan-I)
4 NA-12 (Swabi-I)
2. PUNJAB:
No Constituency
.
1 NA-54 (Rawalpindi-V)
2 NA-62 (Jhelum-I)
3 NA-120 (Lahore-III)
4 NA-150 (Multan-III)
3. SINDH:
No Constituency
.
1 NA-204 (Larkana-I )
2 NA-218 (Hyderabad-I )
3 NA-234 (Sanghar-II )
4 NA-246 (Karachi-VIII )
4. BALOCHISTAN:
No Constituency
.
1 NA-259 (Quetta)
2 NA-263 (Loralai)
Elected member of N.A Political Party
Ghulam Ahmad Bilour Awami National Party
Siraj Muhammad Khan Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf
Ameer Haidar Khan Hoti Awami National Party
Usman Khan Awami Jamhuri Ittehad
Pakistan
Elected member of N.A Political Party
Malik Ibrar Ahmed Pakistan Muslim League(N)
Chaudhary Khadim Pakistan Muslim League(N)
Hussain
Nawaz Sharif Pakistan Muslim League(N)
Shah Mehmood Qureshi Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf
Elected member of N.A Political Party
Muhammad Ayaz Soomro Pakistan People Party
Parliamentarians
Amin Fahim Pakistan People Party
Parliamentarians
Pir Baksh Junejo Pakistan Muslim League(F)
Nabil Gabol Muttahida Qaumi Movement
Elected member of N.A Political Party
Mehmood Khan Achakzai Pakhtun-khwa Milli Awami
Party
Maulana Ameer Zaman Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (F)
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3 NA-267 (Kachhi) Khalid Hussain Magsi Independent
4 NA-266 (Nasirabad) Mir Zafarullah Khan Jamali Independent
5. FATA:

No Constituency Elected member of N.A Political Party

.
1 NA-36 (Tribal Area-I ) Bilal Rehman Independent
2 NA-37 (Tribal Area-II ) Sajid Hussain Independent
3 NA-44 (Tribal Area-IX ) Shahab Uddin Pakistan Muslim League(N)
4 NA-46 (Tribal Area-XI ) Nasir Khan Independent

*PROVINCIAL ASSEMBLY:-
There are four provincial assemblies in Pakistan:

 Provincial Assembly of Balochistan.

 Provincial Assembly of Sindh.
 Provincial Assembly of Punjab.
 Provincial Assembly of KPK.

1. Provincial Assembly of Punjab:

Article 106 of constitution provides that each Provincial
Assembly shall consist of general seats and seats
reserved only for women and non-Muslims. Provincial
Assembly of Punjab will have a total 371 seats: 297
general seats, 66 reserved for women, and 08 reserved
for non-Muslims. Punjab Provincial
Assembly
The current members of Punjab assembly are:

Party Member
Pakistan Muslim League (N) 312
Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf 30
Pakistan Muslim League (Q) 8
Pakistan Muslim League (Zia) 3
Pakistan People Party Parliamentarians 8
Jamat-e-Islami 1
Bahawalpur National Awami Party 1
Pakistan National Muslim League 1
Independent 5

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 Vacant 2
Total 371

2. Provincial Assembly of Sindh:

Sindh Assembly is unicameral house of elected
representatives of people of Sindh. This Assembly
is established under the article 106 of the
constitution. Under this article, total members of
seats for the Assembly through direct vote is 168, of
which 30 seats are reserved for women and 8 seats
for non-Muslims.
Provincial
The current members of Assembly, split by party Assembly of
are: Sindh

Party Member
Pakistan People Party 67
Muttahida Qaumi Movement 47
Pakistan Muslim League (Functional) 08
Pakistan Muslim League (N) 07
Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf 04
Total 133

3. Provincial Assembly of KPK:

The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Assembly formerly provincial
assembly of the (North-West Frontier Province) is the
unicameral legislative body of the Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa province in Pakistan. It was established
under article 106 of the constitution of the Pakistan. The
assembly has 124 elected members, 99 regular seats, 22 Provincial
seats reserved for women and 3 seats for non-Muslims. AssembLy of KPK

Party Member
Government:
Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf 56
Jamaat-e-Islami 08
Awami Jamhoori Ittehad Pakistan 05
Independents 02
Opposition:
Pakistan Muslim League (N) 14
Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (F) 17
Qaumi Watan Party 10
Awami National Party 05
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 Pakistan People Party Parliamentarians 06
Total 124

4. Provincial Assembly of Balochistan:

Provincial Assembly of Balochistan is one of
the four provincial assemblies of Pakistan.
Balochistan Assembly is unicameral (single
chamber) legislature of province of
Balochistan. It was set up by article 106 of
constitution of Pakistan. The Assembly has 56
directly elected members of Provincial Balochistan
Assembly, representing constituencies from Assembly
each district, as well as 11 seats reserved for
women and 3 seats for non-Muslims.

Party Member
Pakistan Muslim League (N) 22
Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (F) 08
Pashtoonkhwa Milli Awami Party 14
Balochistan National Party 02
National Party 10
Pakistan Muslim League (Q) 04
Awami National Party 01
Balochistan National Party (Awami) 01
Muttahida Watan Party (MWP) 01
Independents 01
Total 65

5. Gilgit-Baltistan Legislative Assembly:

The Gilgit-Baltistan legislative Assembly is a 33 seats unicameral legislative body that was
formed as part of Gilgit-Baltistan Empowerment and Self-Government Order, 2009 which
granted the region self-rule and elected legislative assembly. Prior to this, the region had been
directly ruled from Islamabad.

Gilgit-Baltistan
Legislative Assembly

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 Azad Kashmir Assembly
The Assembly consists of 41 elected members and 8
co-opted members of which 5 are ladies, one
member from Ulama community, while one is from
amongst Jammu & Kashmir technocrats and other
professionals, where as one is from amongst Jammu
and Kashmir nationals residing abroad. The state is
administratively divided into three divisions which,
Azad Kashmir
in turn, are divided into ten districts. Assembly

Division District Area(km2) Population(2008 Headquarters

)
Mirpur Bhimber 1,516 301,633 Bhimber
Kotli 1,862 563,094 Kotli
Mirpur 1,010 333,482 Mirpur
Muzaffarabad Muzaffarabad 2,496 638,973 Muzaffarabad
Hattian - - Hattian Bala
Neelam 3,621 106,778 Athmuqam
Poonch Poonch 855 411,035 Rawalakot
Haveli 600(est.) 150,000(est.) Kahuta
Bagh 768 243,415 Bagh
Sudhnoti 569 334,091 Palandri
AJK Total 10 districts 13,297 4,567,982 Muzaffarabad

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 SENATE OF PAKISTAN
The senate or the Upper House of Pakistan is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of
Pakistan. Elections are the held after every three years for one half of the senate and each senator
has a term of six years. If office of the President of Pakistan becomes vacant, or the President is
unable to perform his fuctions, the Chairman of the Senate acts as President until a President is
elected.

History:

After Independence, the first Constituent Assembly of Pakistan, elected in December 1947 after
partition, was assigned the task of framing the Constitution of Pakistan.
1) This Assembly passed the Objective Resolution on 12 March 1949, laying down
principles which later became substantive part of the Constitution of Pakistan. However,
before it could accomplish the task of framing the constitution, it was dissolved in
October, 1954.
2) Thereafter, the Governor General convened the Second Constituent Assembly in May,
1955, which framed and passed the first Constitution of Pakistan on 29 February 1956.
That Constitution was promulgated on 23 March 1956, which provided for a
parliamentary form of Government with a unicameral legislature. However, from 14
August 1947 to 1 March 1956 the Government of India Act 1935 was retained as the
Constitution of Pakistan.
3) On October 7, 1958, Martial Law was promulgated and the Constitution abrogated. The
Military Government appointed a Constitution Commission in February, 1960 which
framed the 1962 Constitution. That Constitution provided for a Presidential form of
Government with a unicameral legislature. The 1962 Constitution was abrogated on 25
March 1969. The Civil Government, which came to power in December 1971 pursuant to
1970 elections, gave the nation an interim Constitution in the year 1972.

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 4) The 1970 Assembly framed the 1973 Constitution which was unanimously passed on 12
April and promulgated on 14 August 1973. The 1973 Constitution provides for a
parliamentary form of Government with a bicameral legislature, comprising the National
Assembly and the Senate.
Senate Members
The membership of the Senate, which was originally 45, was raised to 63 in 1977 and to 87 in
1985. The government of Gen. Pervez Musharraf raised the membership of the Senate from 87 to
100 through the Legal Framework Order (LFO), 2002, enforced on 21 August 2002 and the
government of Asif Ali Zardari raised the membership of the Senate from 100 to 104 through the
19th amendment in 2011 (four minority members from four provinces).

Purpose and role:

The main purpose for the creation of the Senate of Pakistan was to give equal representation to
all the federating units since the membership of the National Assembly was based on the
population of each province. Equal provincial membership in the Senate, thus, balances the
provincial inequality in the National Assembly.

There are one hundred and four senatorial seats. There are 18 women Senators; Pakistani
constitution requires that there be at least 17 women Senators. Members of the Senate are elected
according to Article 59 of the Constitution.

Relations between the Houses:

Unless both the Houses pass a Bill and it receives President's assent it cannot become a law
except in the case of a money bill which is the sole prerogative of the National Assembly.
Through an amendment, the role of a Mediation Committee, composed of eight members of each
House, has been introduced to evolve consensus on Bills, in case there is a disagreement between
the two houses.

Cabinet:
The Constitution provides that there shall be a Cabinet headed by the Prime Minister which is
collectively responsible to the National Assembly. The Prime Minister is chosen from the
National Assembly. The Federal Ministers and Ministers of State are appointed from amongst
the members of Parliament. However, the number of Federal Ministers and Ministers of State
who are members of Senate, shall not at any time, exceed one fourth of the numbers of Federal
Ministers.

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Province/Territory General Technocrats/Ulem Wome Non- Total
seats a n Muslim

Balochistan 14 4 4 1 23

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 14 4 4 1 23

Sindh 14 4 4 1 23

Punjab 14 4 4 1 23

Tribal Areas (FATA) 8 1| -|1| - 10

Islamabad Capital 2 - 2
Territory

Grand Total 104

Four seats for non-Muslims increased through the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act,
2010 (Act No. X of 2010).

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*STRATEGIC ANALYSIS:
In demographic features of Pakistan we analyze the population, ethnicity, educational level,
religious differentiation, vital statistics and other aspects.

The population of Pakistan is 199,085,847 which are 2nd highest among the Muslim countries at
globe. In general, it has also been found that where there is rapid population growth and high
fertility rates, poverty incidence is also highest. Over Population also causes Population
Obstacles like Food shortage, unemployment, housing problems etc.

Besides some obstacles Pakistan is a sacred country which is not only rich in natural resources
but blessed with four seasons as well. This makes the Pakistan best for cultivation of variety of
crops. The soil of Pakistan is best for cultivation. Pakistan seasonal harvests are popular in the
world particular Mangoes and Oranges produced in Pakistan are the World Famous.

Pakistan is blessed with 5 rivers hovered across all over the Pakistan from Khyber to Karachi and
enriched the Lands of Pakistan. Pakistan has strong strategic relations not only with neighboring
countries including China, Iran, Afghanistan, Malaysia, Indonesia, but also with Arab states like
UAE, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Jordan and developed countries for instance: USA, UK, Turkey and
Australia. Mainly Pakistan-China Friendship is the world famous and appealing for the citizens
of both nations.

Pakistan was the first atomic power of Muslim world not. With gaining atomic assets Pakistan
emerged as Strong Military force. Famous Saudi ex-ruler King Faisal once said: Pakistan is the
hub of Muslim World.

Pakistan’s administrative structure constitute of a National Assembly, Four Provincial

assemblies, Azad-Kashmir assembly and a Senate.

The major Ethnic groups in Pakistan are Punjabis, Pashtuns, Sindhis, Balochi, and Saraiki.
Punjabis emerged as largest ethnic group in Pakistan followed by Pashtuns and Sindhis. 60% of
Pakistan’s total population is literate. As far as languages are concerned Punjabi is the mother
tongue of about 44.17% of population trailed by Pashto, Sindhi, Saraiki, Urdu and Balochi.
Although there are around 75 to 80 known Pakistani languages, in practice, but there are
primarily six major languages in Pakistan spoken by 95% of the population.

Urdu is National Language of Pakistan whereas English is used as official language. Among
countries that use English as an official language, Pakistan is the third-most populous in the
world.

Islam is the State Religion of Pakistan. According to survey over 97% of the population of
Pakistan is Muslim.

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*BIBLOGRAPHIC SEARCH:-
Web Reference:
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Pakistan
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Pakistan
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Member_of_the_Provincial_Assembly
 http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part4.ch2.html
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senate_of_Pakistan

Book Reference:
1. Book: Comprehensive Pakistan Studies.
Author: M. Ikram Rabbani.
Email: caravanlhr@hotmail.com

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