Induction Motors

Done by Group 1:
Components of an induction motor:
Introduction:
• When a 3-phase stator winding is energized by a 3-phase balanced
source, a rotating magnetic field is created in the air gap which runs
at synchronous speed.
Ns = (120*f)/P
Where f is the frequency of the suply and P is the number of
poles.
• Rotor conductors are placed in the air gap, due to the relative speed
between the rotating magnetic field and stationery rotor
conductors,emf’s are induced according to Faraday’s law of
electromagnetic induction.
Introduction:
• Since rotor conductors are short circuited, this induced emf results in
currents in rotor conductors. Now, current carrying conductors are
placed in a magnetic field, due to that a force is crested in rotor
conductors and the rotor rotates.
• In a 3-phase induction motor the rotor winding will never rotate at
synchronous speed. If it does so there will be no relative motion and
hence no emf will be induced and therefore induction motors are also
known as asynchrnous motors.
Slip of an induction motor:
• The rotor speed (Nr) is always less than the synchronous speed (Ns).
Slip = S = {(Ns-Nr)/Ns} * 100%

Frequency of the rotor circuit (f’).

f’ = S*f
Starting torque:
• Rotor side equivalent circuit at standstill;
T α E *I* cosφ
T α (K’*R)/(R^2+X^2)
• This shows that the rotor induced voltage E is proportional to the
input voltage in the stator side. Therefore the staring torque of an
induction motor is sensitive to the change in input voltage because
T α V^2
Condition for maximum torque:
• Assuming that R can be conrolled;
differenciate the torque with respect to R,
R=X
• However, rotor resistance is smaller compared to rotor reactance,
therefore starting torque of a induction motor is relatively low.
However if we can add and external resistance such that rotor
resistance is equal to rotor reactance, it is possible to get maximum
starting torque.
Torque under running conditions:
• T α (S*R)/(R^2+[SX]^2)
• Condition for maximum torque under running conditions,
R = S*X
Torque vs Mechanical speed
Questions???