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Relativism 277-288, & 290-301

Aristotle’s Metaphysics
Pages 79-86
Julian Gonzalez
PHIL 1301
julianrgonzalez@gmail.com
Ethics Epistemology

NORMATIVE

DESCRIPTIVE
Logic Metaphysics
 ONTOLOGY
Question of
being and
what the
ultimate
reality is
 Pre-Socratics

• Being versus Becoming

• Change or Static/Constant
• Thales & Water
 “
Metaphysics & Physics

Aristotle’s Themes:
1. First Causes
2. Being
 General & Special Metaphysics

• Cosmology
• Rational Psych
• Natural Theology
• Immortality • Ontology
• Free Will
 “
Modern Metaphysics
Ontology & Universals
 Socrates v. Aristotle

• Knowledge Universal
• Plato’s Other World:
╶ Forms/Heaven
• Aristotle Looks Around:
╶ Our Actual World is 1st Tier
 Categories of to “Be”
“
1. What a “thing” actually is
2. Quality or Quantity, the
“what”
3 Categories of “Substance”

1. Grammar: Subject
2. Foundation
╶ Substance with Features
3. Essential Essence
╶ Unchangeable
 Form & Matter

• Substance is combination
• Form & Matter require a
Substance
 “
Telos

• Everything Has Purpose

 4 Causes

1. Material Cause
2. Formal Cause
3. The Cause/Creator
4. Final Cause
 “
Bread Baking Example

1. Material Cause: flour, wheat, salt

2. Formal Cause: The bread shape
3. The Cause/Creator: Baker
4. Final Cause: Purpose is to be eaten